Construction norms and rules SNiP 3.04.03-85

"Protection of building structures and structures from corrosion"

These rules and regulations apply to the construction of new, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures and must be observed when installing anti-corrosion coatings on metal, concrete, reinforced concrete and brick building structures, as well as technological equipment when applying coatings to protect against corrosion that occurs under the influence of aggressive environments in industrial production and groundwater.

These rules and regulations establish general technical requirements for the performance of work on a construction site.

Weather-resistant protective coatings that protect against the effects of solar radiation, precipitation and dust, and the marine atmosphere must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP for the construction of roofs, waterproofing, vapor barrier and thermal insulation, as well as for the installation finishing coatings building structures.

These rules and regulations do not apply to anti-corrosion protection work:

Metal underground structures built in permafrost and rocky soils;

steel casing pipes, piles and technological equipment, for the construction of which special technical conditions have been developed;

Constructions of tunnels and subways;

Electrical power cables;

Metal and reinforced concrete underground structures subject to corrosion from stray electric currents;

Main oil product and gas pipelines;

Utilities and casings of oil and gas wells;

heating networks.

These rules and regulations also do not apply to technological equipment, application protective coatings for which, in accordance with GOST 24444-80, is provided by manufacturers.

Protective coatings for process equipment must, as a rule, be applied in a factory environment.

Application of protective coatings to technological equipment directly at the site of its installation is permitted:

piece acid-resistant materials, chemically resistant: polymer sheet materials and laminated plastics (fiberglass, chlorine fabric, etc.), mastic compositions and paints and varnishes based on epoxy and other resins;

Gumming by open method of non-standardized equipment manufactured at installation site.

In the factory, protective coatings are applied to steel pipelines and storage and transportation tanks liquefied gas, laid and installed in cities and towns.

Application of protective coatings to steel pipelines and containers at the site of their construction is permitted if:

insulation of welded joints and small fittings;

Correction of damaged areas of the protective coating;

insulation of containers mounted on site from individual elements.

1. General Provisions

1.1. Work to protect building structures and structures, as well as technological devices, gas ducts and pipelines from corrosion should be carried out after completion of all previous construction and installation work, during the production of which the protective coating may be damaged.

The procedure for performing anti-corrosion protection of these structures before their installation in the design position, as well as the protection of the upper (support) part of the foundations before the start of installation work, should be established in technological maps for these works.

1.2. Anti-corrosion protection of equipment, as a rule, must be carried out before installing removable internal devices (agitators, heating elements, bubblers, etc.). When equipment is delivered from the manufacturer with installed internal devices, they must be dismantled before anti-corrosion work begins.

1.3. Carrying out anti-corrosion work in the presence of internal devices in the equipment or installing them before the completion of anti-corrosion work is allowed only in agreement with installation organization, providing anti-corrosion protection.

1.4. Upon acceptance from manufacturers of steel building structures, as well as technological equipment, the anti-corrosion coating applied to them must be inspected, as provided for in standards or technical specifications.

1.5. Welding work inside and outside of metal apparatus, gas ducts and pipelines, including welding of elements for fastening thermal insulation, must be completed before anti-corrosion work begins.

1.6. Leak testing of equipment is carried out after installation of the housing and preparation of the metal surface for anti-corrosion protection in accordance with clause 2.1 .

1.6.1. Preparation of surfaces of container concrete and reinforced concrete structures(including trays of irrigation refrigerators) under protective coatings should be carried out before they are tested for leaks in accordance with the requirements SNiP 3.05.04-85 .

1.7. When protecting the surfaces of stone and reinforced masonry structures with mastic coatings, all seams of masonry must be embroidered, and when protecting with paint and varnish coatings, the surfaces of these structures must be plastered.

1.8. Work on applying protective coatings, as a rule, should be carried out at a temperature of the ambient air, protective materials and protected surfaces not lower than:

10°C - for paint and varnish protective coatings prepared on the basis of natural resins; mastic and putty coatings made of silicate materials; adhesive protective coatings based on bitumen- roll materials, polyisobutylene plates, Butylcore-S plates, duplicated polyethylene; rubber coatings; facing and lining coatings installed on acid-resistant silicate putties, bitumen mastics; for acid-resistant concrete and silicate polymer concrete;

15°C - for paint and varnish reinforced and non-reinforced coatings, as well as self-leveling coatings with materials prepared on synthetic resins; mastic coatings from nairite and sealants prepared on the basis of synthetic rubbers; coatings made of sheet polymer materials; facing and lining coatings made using arzamite, furancor, polyester, epoxy and mixed putties epoxy resins; polymer concrete; for cement-polystyrene, cement-perchlorovinyl and cement-casein coatings;

25°C - for applying Polan coatings.

If necessary, it is allowed to perform individual species protective coatings at lower temperatures, taking into account technical documentation specially developed for these purposes, agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

1.9. In winter, anti-corrosion work should be carried out in heated rooms or shelters. In this case, the temperature of the air, protective materials and protected surfaces must meet the requirements clause 1.8 .

When using polymer adhesive tapes and wrapping materials intended for insulating pipelines and containers in winter, the tapes and wrappers must be kept for at least 48 hours in a room with a temperature of at least 15°C before application.

1.10. It is not allowed to install protective coatings on open apparatus, structures, pipelines, gas ducts and building structures located outdoors during precipitation. Immediately before applying protective coatings, the surfaces to be protected must be dried.

1.11. Places of forced openings must be sealed with coatings of the same type. At the same time, pasting coatings must be reinforced with an additional layer that covers the opening points by at least 100 mm from the edges.

1.12. No alignment allowed concrete surface materials intended for protective coatings.

1.13. During anti-corrosion protection work, curing of finished protective coatings, storage and transportation of structures and equipment with protective coatings, measures must be taken to protect these coatings from contamination, moisture, mechanical and other impacts and damage.

1.14. Anti-corrosion protection must be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Preparation of the protected surface for a protective coating;

Preparation of materials;

Application of a primer that ensures adhesion of subsequent layers of protective coatings to the protected surface;

Application of a protective coating;

drying the coating or heat treatment.

1.15. Work with acid-resistant concrete must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in SNiP II-15-76.

2. Surface preparation

Preparing the metal surface

2.1. The metal surface prepared for anti-corrosion work should not have burrs, sharp edges, welding spatter, sagging, burns, flux residues, defects that arise during rolling and casting in the form of non-metallic macroinclusions, cavities, cracks, irregularities, as well as salts and fats and pollution.

2.2. Before applying protective coatings, the surfaces of steel building structures, apparatus, gas ducts and pipelines should be cleaned of oxides by blasting using shot blasting machines, mechanical brushes or rust converters. Surface cleaning methods are indicated in the technical documentation.

2.3. The surfaces of steel building structures intended for treatment with rust converters (modifiers) must be cleaned only from peeling films of rust or scale. The thickness of corrosion products allowed for modification, as a rule, is no more than 100 microns.

2.5. The compressed air used for cleaning must be dry, clean and comply with GOST 9.010-80.

2.6. When abrasively cleaning, the formation of condensation on the surface to be treated must be prevented.

2.7. After cleaning, the metal surface must be de-dusted mechanically or with solvents.

Preparing the concrete surface

2.9. The concrete surface prepared for application of anti-corrosion protection should not have protruding reinforcement, cavities, sagging, edge edges, oil stains, dirt and dust.

Embedded products must be rigidly fixed in concrete; aprons of embedded products are installed flush with the surface to be protected.

Places where the floor adjoins columns, equipment foundations, walls and other vertical elements must be sealed.

The supports of metal structures must be concreted.

The moisture content of concrete in a 20 mm thick surface layer should be no more than 4%.

2.10. Concrete surfaces previously exposed to acidic aggressive environments must be washed clean water, neutralized with an alkaline solution or 4-5% solution soda ash, washed and dried again.

Notes: 1. The moisture content of concrete for coatings made from water-soluble compositions is not standardized, but there should be no visible film of water on the surface.

3. Paint and varnish protective coatings

3.1. Application of paint and varnish protective materials must be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Applying and drying putties (if necessary);

Application and drying of coating layers;

exposure or heat treatment coverings.

3.2. The method of application, the thickness of individual layers, air humidity and drying time of each layer, the total thickness of the protective coating are determined by technical documentation developed in accordance with GOST 21.513-83

3.3. Before use, paints and varnishes must be mixed, filtered and have a viscosity appropriate for the method of application.

3.4. The installation of reinforced paint and varnish coatings should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Application and drying of primer;

Applying an adhesive composition with simultaneous gluing and rolling of reinforcing fabric and keeping it for 2-3 hours;

impregnation of the glued fabric with the composition and drying it;

Layer-by-layer application protective compounds with drying each layer;

exposure of the applied protective coating.

3.5. The preparation of fiberglass materials consists of cutting the panels, taking into account an overlap of 100-120 mm in longitudinal and 150-200 mm in transverse joints.

4. Mastic, putty and self-leveling protective coatings

4.1. The installation of mastic, putty and self-leveling protective coatings should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

gluing fiberglass at the interfaces of the protected surfaces for subsequent installation of self-leveling coatings;

Application and drying of primers;

Applying mastic, putty or self-leveling coatings and drying them.

For underground pipelines and tanks - layer-by-layer application of bitumen layers and reinforcing wraps.

4.2. The composition, number of layers, drying time, total thickness of the protective coating are determined by technical documentation developed in accordance with GOST 21.513-83 and the requirements of this SNiP.

4.3. Mastic coatings prepared using compositions of natural and synthetic resins; self-leveling coatings and putties prepared on polymer compositions; putty coatings prepared on soluble glass should be applied in layers no more than 3 mm thick each.

4.4. The self-leveling protective coating must be protected from mechanical influences for 2 days from the moment of its application and maintained for at least 15 days at a temperature of at least 15°C before commissioning.

4.5. A protective coating based on hot bitumen or coal mastics must be protected from external mechanical influences until the ambient temperature is reached.

4.6. Coatings used to protect steel embedded parts of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures; cement-polystyrene, cement-perchlorovinyl and cement-casein - must have a consistency that allows them to be applied at a time in a layer with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, and zinc protective coatings - at least 0.15 mm.

4.7. Each layer of coating must be dried at a temperature not lower than 15°C for at least:

30 min - for cement-polystyrene;

2 hours - for cement-casein;

4 hours - for cement-perchlorovinyl coatings and metal protective primers.

4.8. Metallic protective coatings can be used at both positive and negative (up to minus 20 degrees C) temperatures and before applying subsequent coatings they must be maintained for at least one hour:

3 - at positive temperature;

24 - “negative” to minus 15°C;

48 - " " " below minus 15°C.

5. Protective coatings made from liquid rubber compounds

5.1. Application of protective coatings from liquid rubber mixtures should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Application of primers;

Coating of liquid rubber compounds;

Vulcanization or drying of the coating.

5.2. The thickness of the coating is determined by the project.

5.3. The surface to be protected should be primed:

under coatings of thiokol sealants (U-30M) - adhesives 88-N, 88-NP, 78-BTsS-P, primers - epoxy-thiokol, chlornairite;

under coatings made of epoxy-thiokol sealants (U-30 MES-5) - diluted sealant U-30 MES-10;

under coatings made of nairite compositions (nairit NT) - chlornairite soil;

for divinylstyrene sealants (type 51G-10) - diluted divinylstyrene sealant.

5.4. Coatings based on U-30M, U-30 MES-5 sealants and a gumming composition based on Nairit NT must be vulcanized after all layers have been applied. The vulcanization mode is specified in the technical documentation.

Coatings based on sealant 51 G-10 are dried at a temperature of 20 degrees C.

5.5. The technology for performing the Polan-M coating consists of applying:

two primer layers of glue 88-N or 78-BTsS-P;

one layer of intermediate composition "P";

The technology for performing the Polan-2M coating consists of applying:

two layers of adhesive composition “A”;

protective layers of composition "Z".

The technology for performing the Polan-B coating consists of applying:

layer of adhesive composition "A";

a layer of cement-adhesive composition based on Portland cement grade 400 and adhesive composition “A”;

layer of intermediate composition "P";

protective layers of composition "Z".

5.6. All Polan compositions are applied layer by layer with drying of each layer in accordance with the technological instructions.

5.7. Subsequent lining after applying the Polan composition should be started after curing the finished coating for 2 days at a surface temperature of at least 20 degrees C.

6. Pasting protective coatings

6.1. Application of adhesive protective coatings should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Application and drying of primers;

Layer-by-layer gluing of materials;

Processing of joints (welding or gluing);

drying (curing) of the adhesive coating.

6.2. On the surface to be protected before gluing roll materials onto bitumen mastics primers based on bitumen should be applied; on synthetic adhesives - primers made from the same adhesives.

To apply polymer adhesive tapes to protected pipelines and containers, their surface must be primed with polymer or bitumen-polymer primers.

6.3. Drying of the first layer of bitumen-based primers should be done until tack-free, the second - within 1-2 hours. Each layer of primer made from BT-783 varnishes should be dried within 24 hours. Drying of the first layer of synthetic glue primers should be done for 40-60 minutes, the second - until tack-free. Drying of polymer and bitumen-polymer primers until tack-free.

6.4. Before sticking to the surface to be protected, rolled materials must be cleaned of mineral coatings, sheet materials must be washed with soap and clean water (plastic compound must be degreased with acetone); dried and cut into blanks. Plates of polyisobutylene, "Butylcore-S", reinforced polyvinyl chloride film must be kept in a straightened state for at least 24 hours, the polyvinyl chloride plastic compound must be heated to a temperature of 60°C.

6.5. Blanks of sheet protective materials must be primed twice with glue of the same composition as the surfaces to be protected, with the first layer of primer drying for 40-60 minutes and the second until tack-free.

6.6. When applying sheet and roll materials on bitumen mastic, its layer should not exceed 3 mm, on adhesives - 1 mm.

The joints of glued protective coating blanks should be located at a distance of at least 80 mm from the metal welds.

6.7. When gluing with sheet and roll materials, the amount of overlap of the panels should be, mm:

25 - for polyvinyl chloride plastic compound in structures operating under filling. When protecting floors, polyvinyl chloride plastic can be glued end-to-end;

40 - for polyisobutylene plates on synthetic adhesives with seam welding;

50 - for glass fabric materials on synthetic resins, activated polyethylene film, polyisobutylene plates on synthetic adhesives sealed with polyisobutylene paste; sheets of "Butilkor-S" on synthetic adhesives for single-layer coating;

100 - for duplicated polyethylene, waterproofing, polyisobutylene plates on bitumen, roofing felt, glass roofing felt;

200 - for "Butylcore-S" on synthetic adhesives for the second layer of reinforced polyvinyl chloride film.

6.8. The joints of glued plastic blanks must be welded in a stream of heated air at a temperature of 200 +- 15 ° C by rolling the welded seam. Glued plastic blanks must be kept for at least 2 hours before subsequent processing.

6.9. The method of sealing the joints of polyisobutylene plates is indicated in the project.

6.10. When gluing polyisobutylene plates in one layer, the overlap seams should be reinforced with polyisobutylene strips 100-150 mm wide, and their edges should be welded to the base coating or glued to it with polyisobutylene paste.

6.11. With a single-layer coating, the glued joint made of Butylcore-S must be additionally coated with two layers of Butylcore-S paste, drying each layer until completely dry (approximately 3 hours at a temperature of 15 ° C).

6.12. Seams in a coating made of reinforced polyvinyl chloride film should be additionally glued with a 100-120 mm wide strip of the same material or unreinforced polyvinyl chloride film with a layer of GIPC-21-11 adhesive previously applied and dried for 8-10 minutes.

6.13. Protective coatings made from roll materials glued to bitumen compounds must be puttied with bitumen mastics. On horizontal coatings, mastic should be applied in layers no more than 10 mm thick, on vertical coatings - in layers 2-3 mm thick each.

6.14. Coatings that are subject to subsequent protection with materials based on silicate and cement compositions must be rubbed over a layer of uncooled bituminous mastic or synthetic resins with coarse-grained quartz sand.

6.15. A day after completing the coating of reinforced polyvinyl chloride film, one layer of glue is applied to its surface with a brush, into which dry sand with a fraction of 1-2.5 mm is embedded. Laying the subsequent coating on the surface prepared in this way is allowed after 24 hours.

6.16. Before performing facing or lining work, putty made from the same materials as the binder composition is applied to the adhesive coating.

6.17. When insulating pipelines and containers with polymer adhesive tapes, in the area of ​​welds, for additional protection, one layer of adhesive tape 100 mm wide is applied over the primer, then this area is wrapped (with tension and compression) with three layers of adhesive tape. The tape should not reach 2-3 mm from wrappers with high moisture saturation, then a protective wrap is applied to the polymer adhesive tape.

6.18. When applying a protective coating from polymer tapes at joints and damage areas, it is necessary to ensure that the transitions to the existing coating are smooth and the overlap is at least 100 mm.

7. Gummed protective coatings

7.1. Protection with rubber coatings should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

covering the protected surface with rubber blanks;

checking the continuity of the lining with a flaw detector;

Preparation for vulcanization;

Vulcanization of rubber linings.

7.2. Strips up to 50 mm wide and dowels made of rubberized materials must first be glued to welds, corners and other protruding parts of the protected surface.

7.3. The technology for performing gumming work must comply with the requirements of technological instructions.

7.4. Before gluing with gumming materials, the prepared surfaces to be protected should be wiped with gasoline, dried and coated with adhesives whose grades correspond to the gumming materials.

7.5. Before gluing, the blanks must be coated with glue and left for 40-60 minutes. The blanks should be glued overlapping, overlapping the joints by 40-50 mm, or end-to-end and rolled with rollers until air bubbles are removed. The joints when gluing end-to-end should be covered with tapes 40 mm wide. The seams of the lining should be located at a distance of at least 80 mm from the metal welds.

7.6. Cut blanks should be glued, as a rule, previously duplicated. If air bubbles form between the sheets of rubber, the rubber must be pierced with a thin needle moistened with glue and carefully rolled with a toothed roller. It is not recommended to duplicate rubber in more than 3 layers. With a lining thickness of 6 mm, it is recommended to carry out gumming layer by layer in two steps.

7.7. Gumming of equipment should begin with lining the internal surface with blanks, then fittings, pipes, manholes and other openings.

7.8. Vulcanization of the rubber coating is carried out with live steam, hot water or a 40% solution of calcium chloride (for open vulcanization) and live steam (for closed vulcanization under pressure).

8. Metallization and combined protective coatings

8.1. The surface prepared by shot blasting should be determined by the roughness value, which ranges from 6.3 to 55 microns.

8.2. The time gap between the end of shot blasting the surface and the beginning of applying the metallization coating must correspond to the following data:

in enclosed spaces with relative humidity air up to 70% - no more than 6 hours;

on outdoors under conditions that exclude the formation of condensation on a metal surface - no more than 3 hours;

with air humidity above 90% under a canopy or inside the apparatus, provided that no moisture gets on the protected surface - no more than 0.5 hours.

8.3. At a construction site, metallization coating is applied manually using gas flame and electric arc methods.

8.4. The wire used to create the metallization coating must be smooth, clean, free of kinks and free of swollen oxides. If necessary, the wire is cleaned of preservative lubricants with solvents, and of contamination with N 0 sandpaper.

8.5. Metallization by hand must be carried out by sequentially applying mutually overlapping parallel strips. Coatings are applied in several layers, and each subsequent layer should be applied so that its passage is perpendicular to the passages of the previous layer.

8.6. To ensure high quality metallization coating when spraying protective metal, the following conditions must be observed:

The distance from the melting point of the wire to the protected surface should be within 80-150 mm;

The optimal angle for applying the metal-air jet should be 65 - 80°;

The optimal thickness of one layer should be 50-60 microns;

The temperature of the protected surface when heated should not exceed 150 °C.

8.7. When installing a combined protective coating, the application of paint and varnish coatings to the metallization should be carried out in accordance with section 3 .

9. Facing and lining protective coatings

9.1. Protection piece materials the surfaces of building structures and structures (cladding) and technological equipment (lining) must be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Preparation of chemically resistant putties (solutions);

Application and drying of primer (when lining metal equipment without an organic sublayer) or putty;

Lining of equipment or cladding of building structures;

drying of lining or cladding;

Oxidation (if necessary) of seams.

9.2. Application of compounds containing acidic hardeners to concrete or steel surfaces is not allowed. Before applying these compounds, concrete and steel surfaces must first be protected with an intermediate layer of material specified in the design.

9.3. Cladding and lining piece materials must be sorted and selected according to size. It is not allowed to use acidified or oily materials.

9.4. Before facing and lining on bitumen and polymer compositions, piece materials must be primed along the edges and with back side with appropriate primers.

9.5. The number of layers of lining or cladding and the type of chemically resistant putties (solutions) are indicated in the project.

9.6. For cladding with bitumen mastics, tiles with a thickness of at least 30 mm should be used.

9.7. The width of the joints when lining with acid-resistant solutions: for tiles - 4 mm; for brick - 6 mm.

9.8. The structural dimensions of layers and seams when cladding building structures and lining technological equipment with piece materials on various chemically resistant putties (solutions) are given respectively: for cladding - in table 4 , for lining - in table 5 .

9.9. Lining and cladding piece goods on chemically resistant silicate putties and cement-sand mortars, depending on the requirements of the project, it can be carried out by filling the joints with one composition, emptying with subsequent cutting of the joints, or a combined method with the simultaneous application of acid-resistant silicate putty or cement-sand mortar and polymer putty. Filling the seams between pieced acid-resistant materials should be carried out by squeezing out the putty (solution) while simultaneously removing the protruding part of the putty (solution). The seams between the empty piece materials that are to be subsequently filled must be cleaned of any remaining putty or mortar, dried, and then coated with:

for silicate putty - 10% alcohol solution of hydrochloric acid;

for cement-sand mortar, in the case of cutting with polymer putty with an acidic hardener - a 10% aqueous solution of magnesium fluoride or oxalic acid.

After coating, the seams must be dried for 24 hours before filling.

9.10. Drying of cladding and lining should be carried out layer by layer in accordance with technological instructions.

9.11. The lining on chemically resistant putties must be dried at a temperature not lower than 10°C until the adhesive strength of the acid-resistant silicate putty is achieved (1.5-2.0 MPa); putty "Arzamit-5": for acid-resistant ceramic products- 2.0-3.0 MPa, for carbon-graphite - 3.0-3.5 MPa.

9.12. Lining or cladding made with synthetic resins should be kept at a temperature of 15-20 °C, usually for 15 days. It is allowed to reduce the curing time of lining and cladding according to the regime determined by special instructions.

9.13. Oxidation of seams, if provided for by the project, should be carried out after drying the lining or cladding by coating twice with a 20-40% solution of sulfuric or 10% hydrochloric acid.

9.14. The lining of the equipment is carried out with bandaging of the seams.

9.15. Equipment and prefabricated parts of cylindrical gas ducts and pipelines may be lined with acid-resistant piece products before their installation, and additional calculations of these structures for installation loads must be made.

9.16. When lining apparatus with conical bottoms, the brick is laid in rings, starting from the center of the cone and constantly approaching the walls of the apparatus, alternating straight and wedge bricks.

9.17. Floor covering should be done layer by layer along the beacons, which upon completion of the work should be replaced with materials provided for by the project.

10. Quality control of work performed

10.1. Production quality control of work must be carried out at all stages of preparation and implementation of anti-corrosion work.

10.1.1. During incoming inspection, they check the availability and completeness of working documentation, compliance of materials with state standards and technical specifications, and also carry out an examination of protective coatings of building structures and technological equipment applied at the manufacturing plant.

10.1.2. At operational control check surface preparation, compliance with the conditions for the production of anti-corrosion work (temperature and humidity of the ambient air and protected surfaces, cleanliness of compressed air), the thickness of individual layers and the total thickness of the finished protective coating, the completeness of filling of seams and their dimensions during the production of lining and facing works, the exposure time of individual layers and the finished protective coating.

10.1.3. During the acceptance inspection of completed protective coatings, their continuity, adhesion to the protected surface and thickness, the tightness of the layers and welds of the lining, the completeness of filling and the size of the seams between the piece materials of the lining and facing coatings, and the evenness of the facing coatings are checked.

If necessary, the protective coatings may be opened, and a corresponding entry is made in the anti-corrosion work log.

10.1.4. The results of production quality control of work must be entered into the anti-corrosion work production log.

10.2. As completed intermediate types of anti-corrosion work are completed, they must be inspected. Completed intermediate types of anti-corrosion work should include: the base (protected surface), prepared for subsequent work; priming of surfaces (regardless of the number of applied layers of soil); impermeable sublayer of protective coating; each fully completed intermediate coating of one type (regardless of the number of layers applied); special treatment of the surface of the protective coating (vulcanization of the rubber coating, oxidation of the seams of the lining or facing coating).

Major renovation interpanel seams is produced only using the “Tight seam” technology, developed by engineers of the StroyAlp group of companies. According to which SNiP was subsequently adopted on sealing the seams of large-panel buildings.

Insulation and sealing of window seams and junctions:

In order to get rid of mold around the windows, the windows are sealed - sealing the joints and junctions of double-glazed windows and the panel, insulating the junctions of the sills and the panel.

Repairs to the façade of the building must be carried out regularly. Unrepairable cracks absorb moisture. In winter, ice forms in the cracks. These factors contribute to the rapid destruction of the facade.

Installation of a false facade is carried out on emergency buildings to prevent the fall of small fragments of the facade. The false facade is made as an exact copy of the appearance of the existing facade during the renovation.

TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS FOR PAINTING METAL STRUCTURES

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The technological regulations apply to work on anti-corrosion protection by painting the metal structures of spans and supports.

1.2. The technological process of painting metal structures at the installation site includes the following sequential operations:

Surface preparation - degreasing, cleaning from oxides and scale, removing dust;

Restoration of primer layers applied at the manufacturer and damaged during transportation and installation work;

Application of coating layers of paint and varnish materials - preparation of working compositions of paint and varnish materials, application required according to STP 001-95* and TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS number of layers of required thickness;

Quality control and acceptance of complex coverage.

1.3. For the technological process, standard and unified tools and equipment must be used.

1.4. To protect metal structures from corrosion at the above-mentioned facility, the following coating systems are used:

Coating system (A)

"Stelpant-Pu-Zink" 80 - 100

"Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS" 80 µm

"Stelpant-Pu-Mica UV"80 µm

220 - 240 µm

Coating system (B)

Primer paint and varnish material -"Stelpant-Pu-Zink" 80 - 100 µm (applied at the factory)

Coating paint and varnish material -"Vinikor-62" 120 µm

Complex coating thickness 200 - 220 µm

Coating system (B)

Primer paint and varnish material -"Stelpant-Pu-Zink" 80 - 100 µm

(applied at the factory)

Intermediate paint and varnish material -"Stelpant-Pu-Mica" HS 80 µm

Coating paint and varnish material -"Vinikor - 62" 80 µm

Complex coating thickness 220 - 240 µm

1.5. The color scheme of the coating layers of the outer surfaces of metal structures is adopted in accordance with the color scheme.

1.6. The color of the covering layers inside boxes and pylons is not regulated.

2. PREPARATION OF THE SURFACE FOR PAINTING

2.1. Regardless of the type of structure, before painting, the metal surface must be free of scale, oxides, damaged primer, organic contaminants (oil, grease), burrs, sharp edges, flux residues, and welding spatter.

2.2. At this stage, it is necessary to clean the poorly applied paint and varnish coating to clean metal of the span structures.

Surface degreasing

2.3. The degreasing process involves removing fat and oil contaminants under the influence of organic solvents and alkaline degreasing solutions.

2.4. The quality of surface degreasing is checked after the surface has completely dried using one of the methods recommended by GOST 9.402-80. The degree of degreasing should be 1.

Mechanical methods for removing poorly applied paint and varnish and preparing welded and bolted assembly joints.

2.5. The degree of cleaning of the surface prepared for applying the primer layer should be 1 - 2 according to GOST 9.402-80: when viewed with the naked eye, scale, rust and other non-metallic layers are not detected. The optimal roughness of a metal surface prepared for painting is Rz30.

2.6. The required degree of purification from oxides is achieved using the abrasive-jet method. This method provides not only high quality cleaning from all types of contaminants, but at the same time gives the surface a uniform roughness, which helps to increase the adhesion of the coating.

2.7. Calcined (dry, humidity no more than 2%) quartz sand or dried granite screenings with a grain size of 0.5 ¸ 2.0 mm are used as an abrasive material.

The abrasive used must not contain dirt or other foreign matter. Before using an abrasive if there is no certificate, you must check its purity. To do this, place a small amount of abrasive material in a small glass vessel with distilled water, shake vigorously and leave alone to settle. There should be no film of grease/oil, solids or discoloration on the surface of the water. When measuring the water extract with indicator paper, the pH must be at least 5. There should be no white sediment in the water when a drop of 5% silver nitrate is added (indication of the presence of chloride salts).

2.8. Compressed air intended for sandblasting and pneumatic spray painting must comply with the requirements of GOST 9.010-80: moisture and mineral oils in the form of droplets are not allowed.

The presence of water and mineral oil in the compressed air is determined by a stream of air directed at the surface of the mirror for 3 minutes or at filter paper (with circles drawn with an ink pencil) for 15 minutes. Drops of moisture and oil are not allowed on the surface of the mirror. Oil stains should not appear on the surface of the paper and the drawn circles should not darken.

2.9. If flux residues, alkali slag, splashes and contact liquid are not completely removed (ultrasonic flaw detection) in the area of ​​welded seams, accelerated destruction of the coating is possible, so you should pay attention to Special attention to prepare the surface in the area of ​​welds and not to allow the use of oils as a coupling liquid when carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection.

2.10. There should be no large drops or drips of sealant (Germokron type) used in assembling them on the surface of bolted joints. It is allowed to have a small “roller” along the boundary between the end of the lining or washer and the plane of the base metal.

2.11. After sandblasting, the surface of metal structures must be dusted with a jet of compressed air or using an industrial vacuum cleaner.

2.12. In hard-to-reach places, inside boxes, the surface can be cleaned with manual or mechanical metal brushes. The quality of the cleaned surface must meet the requirements of clause 2.5.

Surface preparation quality control

2.13. Monitoring the condition of the surface of metal structures should be carried out no later than 6 hours after surface preparation, and additionally immediately before painting for a period exceeding the permissible duration of the break between the preparation operation and painting.

2.14. The surface prepared for painting must be dry, dust-free, free from contamination with oils and greases (if any, degrease again), and free from secondary corrosion deposits formed during surface treatment. After inspecting the surface, a hidden work report is drawn up, characterizing the quality of surface preparation for painting (see appendix).

3. COATING TECHNOLOGY

3.1. Before painting metal structures, you should input control paint and varnish materials for compliance with requirements regulatory documents for these materials in accordance with clause 4.2.

3.2. Before starting each work shift, you should check:

Conditions environment(air temperature, relative humidity);

Dew point temperature;

Absence of moisture and oil contamination on the surface prepared for applying paints and varnishes.

3.3. Before applying topcoat paints and varnishes, a mandatory check of the quality of the primer layers applied at the manufacturer is necessary. In this case, defects in the paint and varnish coating must be restored with the same paint and varnish materials that were used to paint metal structures at the manufacturer.

3.4. Before use, paint and varnish materials should be stirred until the sediment has completely risen. Preparation of working compositions and application of paints and varnishes is carried out in accordance with Table 1.

3.5. Before application, paint and varnish materials must be brought to working viscosity and filtered through a sieve (GOST 6613).

3.6. Working viscosity is determined according to GOST 8420 using a VZ-246-4 viscometer.

3.7. When applying primer to bolted joints, it is necessary to use a nozzle with a small “torch” angle (30º - 40º), applying primer to the bolts and ends of the plates from all sides. In hard-to-reach places (where it is not possible to apply primer from all sides to the surface to be painted), apply a strip layer of primer with a brush.

3.8. At assembly joints, it is allowed to increase the thickness of the paint coating.

3.9. After applying primer to the surfaces of the installation joints and presenting the primed surfaces, coating layers are applied.

3.10. Applied coating systems:

System (A) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS + Stelpant-Pu-Mica UV - was used to paint part of the outer surfaces of the bridge metal structures.

System (B) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Vinikor-62 - is used for painting the external and internal surfaces of bridge metal structures.

System (B) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS + Vinikor-62 - a transitional system between System (A) and System (B).

Table 1.

Technological parameters for applying paint and varnish coatings

3.11. Preparation and application of Stelpant-Pu-Zink primer.

3.11.1. "Stelpant-Pu-Zink" is a one-component zinc-containing polyurethane primer, cured by air moisture.

3.11.2. Preparation of the working composition “Stelpant-PU-Zink” involves thorough mixing. When airless spraying, paints and varnishes are used with the viscosity as delivered. If necessary, it is allowed to add “Stelpant-PU-Thinner” solvent in an amount of no more than 10%.

3.11.3. The working composition of materials not used during the shift should be filled with a small amount of solvent and tightly closed with the factory cap to prevent an increase in viscosity during storage.

3.11.4. The primer can be applied at air temperatures from 0 °C to +35 °C and relative air humidity up to 95%. Application on a damp, but not wet surface is allowed.

3.11.5. The primer should be applied in a uniform layer with a thickness of 80 ¸ 100 microns (2 x 40 - 50 microns).

3.12. Preparation and application of Vinikor 62 enamel.

3.12.1. "Vinikor 62" is a two-component vinyl-epoxy enamel cured with amine hardeners.

Vinikor 62 enamel is cured with AF-2 hardeners in a ratio of 100:2.5 (per 100 parts by weight of the base - 2.5 parts by weight of hardener) or with DTB-2 hardener in a ratio of 100:2.2, supplied in complete with enamel.

3.12.2. When opening a container with enamel, if there is a dried film on the surface of the enamel, it must be completely removed from the container.

After removing the film, the enamel must be thoroughly mixed until a non-separating homogeneous mass is obtained until the sediment is completely lifted.

The enamel is brought to working viscosity at an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 °C, if necessary, by introducing solvent P4 in an amount of no more than 5%.

3.12.3. After introducing the hardener, the enamel retains its painting properties for 24 hours.

3.12.4. The enamel should be applied in a uniform layer with a thickness of 80 ¸ 150 microns (2 or 3 layers of 40-50 microns each, depending on the coating system).

3.12.5. The drying time of the coating with natural drying and a temperature of 18 ¸ 20 ° C is 24 hours. Drying should be controlled organoleptically by pressing with a finger for 5 to 6 seconds; no traces of primer should remain on the finger.

3.12.6. Enamel can be applied at air temperatures from 0º to +35º and relative air humidity up to 85%.

4. QUALITY CONTROL OF PAINT COATINGS

General requirements

4.1. The task of the line engineers and the TECHNADZOR representative includes careful operational control of everything technological process application of paints and varnishes, including:

Quality of materials used;

Performance of control devices;

Personnel qualifications;

Compliance of climatic conditions with the requirements of the Technological Regulations for painting work;

Process parameters;

The quality of individual technological operations;

Compliance with safety and environmental regulations.

Incoming inspection of paints and varnishes

4.2. Incoming control of paintwork materials includes checking the accompanying documentation, inspecting the transport container and establishing compliance of the material properties with the requirements specified in the technical documentation for the material.

Accompanying documentation confirming the compliance of the received material with the ordered one and its quality (certificate, passport, information on the shipping container) must contain the following information:

Brand of material;

Name of the supplier company;

Material color and color code number according to the catalogue;

Date of manufacture and expiration date;

Basic technical characteristics of the material.

The quality of coating materials received from the manufacturer is often assessed by comparing the main technical characteristics specified in the certificate for the batch of materials and the same characteristics in the manufacturer’s technical documentation (specifications, instructions, brochures, etc.). However, in doubtful cases, a representative of the CUSTOMER'S TECHNICAL SUPERVISION has the right to demand testing for certain indicators.

Regarding testing of paint and varnish materials, you should contact the Central Research Institute of CM "Prometey" (Dr. Sc. Pirogov V.D., Ph.D. Sc. Stepanova Irina Pavlovna tel. 274-18-14, 274-17-29, t/fax 274-17-07)

Paints and varnishes in which a surface film, gelatinization or the formation of a solid-dry sediment are observed (which are observed when opening the packaging) are rejected and not allowed into production.

4.3. Painting equipment, control devices, technological equipment, personal protective equipment must be in working condition, which must be certified in the relevant documents.

4.4. Manufacturers of painting work must have documented qualifications appropriate to the type of work performed.

All personnel must have the necessary knowledge of painting technology, safety precautions and environmental protection.

4.5. When assessing the quality of the painted surface (each layer and complete system coating) a visual inspection of the entire surface is carried out. Individual tests and measurements provided for in the technological documentation (film thickness, adhesion, continuity, degree of drying, etc.) are carried out in such places and with such frequency as to obtain data on the actual values ​​of the measured parameters.

4.6. At each location, at least three measurements are taken and calculated average value. Quality criteria for the painted surface for each controlled indicator must be specified in the Technological Regulations and recommendations of the paint supplier.

Climate control

4.7. Monitoring climatic conditions during painting work must be done at least twice per shift, incl. the first time - before starting work. In unstable weather, measurements should be taken every two hours.

4.8. Climate control includes:

Lack of precipitation or its consequences;

Compliance of the air temperature and the surface to be painted with the requirements set out in the Technological Regulations and in the technical documentation for the paint and varnish material used;

Compliance of relative air humidity with the requirements set out in the Technological Regulations and in the technical documentation for the material used;

Possibility of moisture condensation during painting work.

4.9. Air temperature should be measured with mercury or electronic thermometers with an accuracy of ± 0.5 °C. Measurements must be taken in close proximity to the surface to be painted. When performing painting work outdoors, measurements must be taken from both the sunny and shady sides. The obtained air temperature values ​​must be compared with the permissible application temperature values ​​of the paint and varnish material used and a CONCLUSION must be made about the possibility of performing painting work.

4.10. Relative humidity should be measured:

Aspiration or vortex psychrometers with an accuracy of ± 3%;

Digital electronic hygrometers with measurement accuracy ± 2% and measurement limit from 0 to 97% in the temperature range from 0 to 70 ° C.

The obtained relative humidity values ​​must be compared with the values ​​​​permissible for the paint and varnish material used and a CONCLUSION must be made about the possibility of performing painting work.

4.11. The temperature of the surface to be painted should be measured with a magnetic contact thermometer with a measurement accuracy of ± 0.5 °C. It is recommended to take at least one measurement per 10 sq. m. surface. Then you should select the lowest and highest value for each area, compare them with the permissible temperatures of the surface to be painted for the paint material used and make a CONCLUSION about the admissibility of painting work.

If necessary, selective painting of those areas that currently meet the requirements for climatic conditions is allowed.

4.12. The probability of moisture condensation on the surface to be painted is determined by:

According to relative humidity values;

Based on the difference between air temperature and dew point;

Based on the difference between the temperature of the surface being painted and the dew point.

4.13. According to ISO 8502-4, if the relative humidity is 85% or higher, the conditions for painting are considered critical as the temperature is less than 3°C above the dew point.

If the relative humidity is 80% or the air temperature is 3.4 °C above the dew point, then conditions for painting can be considered favorable for approximately the next six hours.

To prevent moisture condensation, the temperature of the surface to be painted must be at least 3 °C above the dew point during painting work.

The dew point is determined from the tables given in the ISO 8502-4 standard, based on the measured values ​​of temperature and relative humidity.

4.14. The results of measurements of climatic parameters with the corresponding values ​​must be recorded in the work log.

Control during the application of paints and varnishes

4.15. During the application of paints and varnishes, the following indicators are usually monitored:

Continuity of coating over the entire surface area;

Wet layer thickness;

Dry layer thickness;

Number of coating layers;

Adhesion;

The degree of drying of each coat of coating before applying the next coat.

4.16. Before starting painting work, it is necessary to check the condition of the surface again. If more than 6 hours have passed since cleaning, you must ensure that the condition of the surface meets the relevant requirements.

4.17. Continuity of the coating, i.e. the uniform, gap-free distribution of the paint and varnish material over the surface is usually assessed visually (by hiding power) under good diffused light or artificial lighting.

However, when forming paint and varnish coatings on critical structures (this must be specified by a representative of the CUSTOMER'S TECHNICAL SUPERVISION), the continuity of the coating is controlled instrumentally - using a low voltage continuity detector.

4.18. Coating thickness. During the application of paints and varnishes, the film thickness of each layer and the total thickness of the coating must be monitored. This can be done by measuring the thickness of the wet film first, then (before applying the next layer) the dry film thickness. When applying Vinikor 62 enamel, it is allowed to control the total thickness of the coating.

Based on the thickness of the wet film, you can approximately estimate the thickness of the dry film using the formula:

TSP = TMP · DN/100, where

TMP - wet film thickness (determined using a “comb”);

DN - volume fraction of non-volatile substances (%).

For enamel "Vinikor 62" TSP = 2 TMP

However, in practice, direct control of the thickness of the dry film, both layer-by-layer and of the entire coating system, is carried out, since it gives more accurate values ​​of the coating thickness.

4.19. To measure the thickness of coatings on a magnetic substrate, instruments are used that operate on the principle of measuring the magnetic flux between a magnet and a magnetic substrate or the force of separation of a magnet from a magnetic substrate.

All instruments must be calibrated to “0” before use and every 4 hours during use, the upper limit and those thickness values ​​that will preferably be monitored. For this purpose, a set of reference samples is used.

4.20. When monitoring coating thicknesses, the number and location of measurement sites must be such as to provide reliable data on the actual thickness of the paint coating. This should be the subject of agreement between the parties concerned and noted in the technology documentation. Typically, the following ratio is taken between the number of locations for measuring the thickness of the coating and the area of ​​the surface to be painted:

4.21. At each measuring location with an area of ​​about 0.5 m2, at least three measurements are taken and the average value is calculated. To resolve the issue of acceptable coating thickness, the well-known “Rule 90 - 10” is usually applied: 90% of the measured thicknesses must be no less than the thickness specified in the technological documentation; 10% of the measured thicknesses must be at least 90% of the thickness specified in the technological documentation.

If the thickness of the coating is significantly higher than that specified in the documentation, then the issue of admissibility of the coating is decided by the interested parties.

COATING is considered unacceptable if its thickness is more than twice the required thickness.

4.22. Coating adhesion is determined in accordance with GOST 15140-78 or ISO 2409 and ISO 4624 standards. Methods for determining adhesion are destructive and require restoration of the coating in damaged areas. Therefore, the number of measurements is agreed upon by the interested parties and noted in the technological documentation.

Tests are carried out at a temperature of (22 ± 2) °C and relative humidity (50 ± 5)% on coated plates. The number of cuts in each direction of the lattice pattern should be 6.

The distance between cuts depends on the thickness of the coating:

With a thickness of up to 60 microns - 1 mm;

from 61 to 120 microns - 2 mm;

from 121 to 250 microns - 3 mm.

4.23. The degree of drying of each coating layer is controlled to determine the possibility of applying a subsequent layer, controlled using the methods of the ISO 1517 standard or tactile methods (touching the fingers).

In practice, such indicators as “dry to touch” and “dry to the touch” are used. These expressions mean:

- “dry to touch” - lightly pressing the coating with your finger does not leave a mark and does not give a sticky feeling;

- “dry to the touch” - carefully feeling the coating with your hands does not cause damage.

4.24. In addition to assessing the coating according to the above indicators, a representative of the CUSTOMER'S TECHNICAL SUPERVISION during the inspection process must visually inspect the entire surface after applying each layer to detect coating defects.

4.25. The appearance of the coating must correspond to class V according to GOST 9.407: the coating must not have gaps, cracks, chips, bubbles, craters, wrinkles and other defects that affect protective properties, as well as unpainted areas. Quality control of the appearance of coatings should be carried out by inspecting painted structures. Up to 4 inclusions per 1 dm2 are allowed. 2 mm in size (or another number of inclusions, if the size of each inclusion and the total size of the inclusions does not exceed 8 mm per 1 dm²) (requirements of GOST 9.032-74 for class V paintwork).

Control of the formed paint coating

4.26. Control of the formed paint coating is carried out to the same extent as control during the application of paints and varnishes.

However, in this case, the drying period of the coating is taken to be the holding period before commissioning, i.e. until the coating reaches optimal physical, mechanical and protective properties.

After complete formation, the coating is subject to 100% visual inspection for the presence of coloring defects.

5. PREPARATION OF DOCUMENTATION

5.1. The implementation of control operations and the results of control are documented at all stages of work on applying paints and varnishes.

In the work journal (JOURNAL OF WORKS on waterproofing, anti-corrosion protection, painting steel structures) the foreman (master) or inspector (responsible person of the CUSTOMER) daily notes all the work that he had to perform during the day, indicating the date and time.

5.2. Inspection and acceptance certificates are issued for individual stages of work corresponding to the preparation of the surface for painting and, as a rule, the application of each layer of the coating system. The act notes the results of the technological process of applying paints and varnishes and the quality of the formed coatings, including:

Brands and quality of materials used;

Operability of equipment, technological equipment and control devices;

Process parameters;

The quality of surface preparation for painting and application of each coating layer according to the main indicators;

The quality of a fully formed coating in terms of key indicators.

The act makes a conclusion about the compliance of the quality of painting work with the requirements of standards and Technological Regulations and the acceptance of a specific scope of work.

In case of any deviations from the requirements of the standards or technological Regulations for painting work, which were not corrected based on the comments of the resident engineer (inspector), a NOTICE of violation of the requirements of regulatory documents is issued.

5.3. Upon completion of painting work, i.e. upon acceptance by the CUSTOMER's TECHNICAL SUPERVISION representative (inspector) of the fully formed paint and varnish coating, a summary report on quality control of painting work at the facility is drawn up. The summary report contains all the basic information about the organization of work and the values ​​of the main parameters for the entire technological process. If necessary, photographs of the most characteristic (or controversial) areas of the cleaned or painted surface are attached to the summary report.

6. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND INDUSTRIAL SANITATION.

6.1. The painting process must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.005-75, SNiP 12-09, as well as “ Sanitary rules for painting work using hand sprayers" M 991-72, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health dated September 22, 1972,

6.2. When preparing the surface for painting, it is necessary to comply with the safety requirements in accordance with GOST 9.402-80.

6.3. In warehouses and painting areas, work involving the use of open flames, sparks, smoking, etc. is not allowed. Areas must be equipped with foam fire extinguishers, sand boxes and other fire-fighting equipment.

6.4. Production personnel should not be allowed to carry out painting work without personal protective equipment that meets the requirements of GOST 12.4.011-89.

6.5. Workers carrying out painting work must wear special clothing. Workwear that has been doused with solvents or paints and varnishes should be immediately replaced with clean ones.

6.6. To protect the respiratory system from exposure to paint mist and solvent vapors, workers must use respirators such as RU-60M or RPG-67, as well as safety glasses.

6.7. When carrying out painting work in a “closed” space, it is necessary to use gas masks or specialized helmets with forced air supply.

6.8. When working in gas masks, workers should have a supply of replacement “tanks”.

6.9. Lighting in boxes must be explosion-proof or headlamps can be used.

6.10. To protect the skin of the hands, it is necessary to use rubber seals or ointments and pastes in accordance with GOST 12.4.068-79 type IER-1, silicone cream, etc.

6.11. Containers containing paints and varnishes and solvents must have stickers or tags with the exact name and designation of the materials. The container must be in good condition and have tight-fitting lids.

6.12. Sawdust, rags, wiping ends, rags contaminated with paints and varnishes and solvents should be placed in metal boxes and taken to specially designated areas at the end of each shift.

6.13. Near the workplace there should be clean water, freshly prepared saline solution (0.6 - 0.9% sodium chloride solution), a clean dry towel, and cleaning material.

6.14. If solvent or paint material gets into your eyes, you should immediately rinse your eyes with plenty of water, then saline, and then consult a doctor.

6.15. After finishing work, it is necessary to clean the workplace, clean work clothes and protective equipment.

6.16. In each shift, special persons must be allocated and trained to provide first aid.

APPLICATION

(required)

APPLICATION

RELATIONSHIP OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINT TEMPERATURE AT A CERTAIN RELATIVE HUMIDITY

APPLICATION

DEFREASING QUALITY CONTROL

In the modern world, corrosion of metals and their protection from corrosion is one of the most important scientific, technical and economic problems. The condition of metal structures in different regions largely depends on the influence of the atmosphere. The development of industry and, as a consequence, growing atmospheric pollution causes intense corrosion of metal structures, so the issue of anti-corrosion protection arises.

RED DUST

The main cause of corrosion damage to metal structures is spontaneous physical and chemical destruction and transformation useful metal into useless chemical compounds. Most environmental components, whether liquids or gases, contribute to the corrosion of metals; Constant natural influences cause rusting of steel structures, damage to car bodies, the formation of pitting (etching pits) on chrome coatings, etc. The rate of corrosion development in depth can reach 0.01 -0.2 mm per year. This problem forces specialists to think and compare the costs of increasing the price of metal (replacement or restoration of metal structures) with the costs of their timely and high-quality painting.

FROM PRIMER TO FINAL COAT

The applied protective coatings ensure the strength and durability of structures and serve as reliable protection of metal structures from environmental influences. First of all, such protection can be achieved using paints and varnishes. The selection of the type of paint and varnish materials and coating system depends on the specific type of metal structure, taking into account the condition of the structure, the degree of destruction of its surface, corrosion hazard, environmental conditions during the work, the expected period of protection and the cost of the coating. The most effective are multi-layer paint and varnish coatings. Multilayer paint and varnish coatings, which prevent the penetration of moisture, aggressive gases and liquids to the metal surface, usually consist of layers of primer and enamel. The traditional three-layer system for external coating has the following composition: the primer layer ensures adhesion to the substrate, the second layer has barrier properties and prevents the penetration of the aggressive environment into the metal. The finishing spray also has barrier properties; in addition, it also has high decorative qualities and UV resistance.

BENCHMARK - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

There are many paint and varnish materials on various bases: acrylic, alkyd, epoxy, polyurethane, etc. The standard durability of the paint and varnish coating is 15 years or more, and protection will be provided by imported polymer materials based on epoxy and polyurethane resins.

Efficiency when choosing a paint coating can be determined from the ratio of the cost of preparation square meter surface to guaranteed durability of the coating. In turn, the service life of protective coatings is also determined by many factors. The most important are: the quality of surface preparation for painting and compliance of the characteristics of the selected paint coating with the conditions in which the coating will be used.

The design of anti-corrosion protection (ACP) of metal structures when using imported paints and varnishes must be carried out taking into account international ISO standards, which take into account all factors affecting the durability of the paint.

According to the international standard ISO 12944, the following service life of paint and varnish coatings is defined: low (up to 5 years), medium (from 5 to 15 years) and high (more than 15 years). When choosing a particular coating, as well as required quantity It is recommended to refer to IS012944 for paint layers. IN this document Coating systems based on various binders with various fillers and for environmental categories of varying aggressiveness are indicated.

DURATION IS SMALL

An important point in the design of AKZ is the preparation of the surface for painting. There are several methods for preparing the surface of the substrate before applying paintwork: manual (scrapers, metal brushes) and mechanized cleaning (breakers, cutters, electric and pneumatic tools, etc.), hydrodynamic cleaning under high (up to 1500 bar) water pressure, thermal (gas flame) cleaning (combustion temperature 400-500 °C), chemical cleaning(chemical etching, degreasing), abrasive blasting (under high pressure up to 14 bar air-abrasive mixture).

Manual cleaning with scrapers and brushes remains the most common in Russia today. The manual cleaning method seems to be the cheapest for the customer only at first glance, but in the future it will be necessary to repaint metal structures many times, since the service life of paintwork when manual cleaning is used is short - up to 2-3 years. This method does not allow the removal of mill scale from the metal surface, which firmly adheres old paint and rust, does not allow creating the surface relief necessary for adhesion. The international standard ISO 8501 reflects two degrees of surface preparation for painting: St 2 and St 3.

THE BEST OPTION

The most productive and effective way to prepare a surface before applying paintwork is abrasive blasting. This method allows you to remove mill scale and old coatings from the metal surface, giving the surface a relief that is so necessary for good adhesion of the paint and varnish material. The ISO 8501 standard regulates four degrees of surface preparation using the abrasive blasting method: Sa 1, Sa 2, Sa 2.5, Sa 3. The method is based on the following: abrasive particles flying out of the nozzle with high speed(up to 150 m/s) and kinetic energy, upon impact with the metal surface, rust, mill scale, existing coatings and other contaminants are removed. At the same time, the surface acquires a characteristic relief, which contributes to better adhesion coatings with metal.

After abrasive blasting, before applying paints and varnishes, the surface should be cleaned of the resulting dust with compressed air.

Advantages of abrasive blasting:

But there are also disadvantages:

Abrasive blasting is one of the most common methods for cleaning steel surfaces in the world. In European countries, any newly manufactured structures are subject to mandatory abrasive blasting. According to standard scheme All products are cleaned at the factory, coated with primer and transported to the installation site. After installation is completed, the joints are cleaned and primed, then all structures are painted with finishing layers of paint and varnish.

In Russia, many large enterprises are switching to AKZ technology (for example, NPO Mostovik - Omsk, MMC Norilsk Nickel, Lukoil, etc.).

When repair painting or anti-corrosion work is needed on already installed structures, mobile abrasive blasting complexes, specialized painting equipment and specialized teams with mountaineering training.

EQUIPMENT

Abrasive blasting complexes include: compressor equipment (for example Adas Sorso, Kiss and others) for the production and supply of compressed air (from 7 to 14 bar), abrasive blasting machines (Contracor, Airblast) - boiler tanks where abrasive and air are mixed, air dryers, main hoses, special nozzles (venturi), as well as special clothing for the sandblaster (helmet with air supply and suit). Specialized painting equipment includes; airless spraying units with paint pressure in the main hose up to 350-500 bar, high-pressure hoses, paint guns.

STAFF

Specialized teams should consist of workers with multiple specialties: sandblaster, painter, compressor unit operator, and if work is carried out at height, then have special training and clearance for height.

TECHNOLOGY

Work on anti-corrosion protection of metal structures using the abrasive blasting method is mainly carried out using the following technology:

Degreasing the surface of metal structures is always carried out before using abrasive blasting, since unremoved contaminants will be driven into the metal surface by a jet of abrasive, and will subsequently cause peeling of the coating from the substrate. Degreasing should be carried out by wiping with a rag soaked in a solvent until the fat is completely removed.

Abrasive blast cleaning of metal structures is carried out to degree Sa 2.5 according to ISO 8501, using abrasive blasting systems. Most often, disposable granulated slag (granche varnish - recovered waste from metallurgical production) with a particle fraction of 0.5 to 3 mm is used as an abrasive. This removes the following contaminants: mill scale, old paintwork, rust.

After cleaning, the surface acquires a gray steel color, a certain roughness Rz = 70-170 microns. To reduce the size of the roughness, the fraction of abrasive particles is changed - the content of particles with sizes from 1 to 1.5 mm in the total mass is increased, in this case the roughness is most acceptable Rz = 70-110 microns. At the same time, the consumption of paint and varnish material per 1 m2 is noticeably reduced.

Dust removal of the surface is carried out with compressed air with a pressure of up to 6 bar. To ensure maximum adhesion between layers of paint and varnish material, dust removal is carried out before applying each layer of paint and varnish.

The application of paint and varnish materials is carried out by professional painters using airless application units, for example Graco, Wagner, Wiwa. The paint and varnish material is supplied under high pressure and sprayed through a special nozzle onto the prepared surface. The priming is carried out up to the overlap of the upper points of the surface relief until a continuous, even film of the pound coating is formed. If necessary and the thickness of the coating is maintained, an additional layer of primer is applied.

A prerequisite for high-quality anti-corrosion protection after applying a primer is additional painting (strip painting) of sharp edges, edges and welds on which the paint layer is insufficiently thick.

The application of topcoat finishing layers of paint and varnish materials is carried out in compliance with the regimes in accordance with technical regulations from paint and varnish manufacturers. The final coating is applied as a continuous, even film, controlling the thickness of the wet layer throughout the entire painting process.

QUALITY CONTROL

The implementation of each stage of the technology is accompanied by quality control of the work and climatic conditions when executing them. This procedure is mandatory and necessary when performing every technological operation, starting from assessing the initial condition of the treated surface to handing over the finished anti-corrosion coating.

Protecting metal surfaces from rust is a major challenge in ensuring their long service life. Destructive natural influence and aggressive environments gradually disrupt the original appearance of products and weaken their quality.

Therefore, it is not surprising that anti-corrosion painting of metal structures very often comes to the fore.

The photo shows painting of complex structures

What is it for

Using special paints and varnishes to protect any metal surfaces is the simplest and most affordable way increase their resistance to the environment and operating conditions.

Such coatings have the following advantages:

• easy to apply;
• allow you to obtain coatings of any color;
• make it possible to process complex and large metal structures;
• the price of the material is significantly lower than other types of protective coatings.

Advice: if you are not satisfied with the estimate provided for painting metal structures by any company, you can turn to others or do the work yourself.

Application of anti-corrosion protection of metal structures

1. Anti-corrosion coatings ensure long and reliable protection from the appearance of rust on the surface:

• steel pipes;
• pipelines;
• garages;
• metal products;
• mechanisms and machine parts.

1. Paints are used for coloring:

• steel structures;
• equipment;
• construction and agricultural machinery.

1. Wear-resistant coatings allow you to obtain long-term anti-corrosion protection of external surfaces:

• pipelines;
• hydraulic structures and bridges;
• building metal structures;
• platforms and overpasses;
• steel containers;
• power line supports;
• storage;
• tanks, as well as metal structures operating in aggressive atmospheres.

Tip: by using anti-corrosion paint, you can ensure reliable protection of metal surfaces from rust and significantly increase their service life.

Painting of metal structures

GOST for painting metal structures provides not only for protecting products from the environment, including from UV radiation or chemical and temperature exposure, but also for giving them a beautiful appearance. At first glance, painting metal structures according to SNiP may seem simple process, in fact, this is not at all true.

The technology for painting metal structures involves cleaning the base before applying it to ensure reliable adhesion of the metal to the enamel. You should especially take seriously surfaces that have already been painted. It is necessary to thoroughly clean them from the old coating, otherwise the new one will have a short service life.

Main stages of work:

• surface preparation;
• removal of fatty deposits;
• applying primer;
• coloring.

Tip: When cleaning metal surfaces, use abrasive equipment while following safety precautions and wearing eye protection.

You cannot do without a cleaning procedure, since there is always some contamination on the surface of the material. Because of this, the primer or enamel will not be able to “stick” to it and will roll off it, or the layer will turn out to be non-uniform, which will affect the quality of the coating.

When painting metal structures, there are two main directions:

• painting new products that have not been painted before;
• repair work.

At the second stage, the instructions prescribe mandatory application to the surface. The quality of this process will determine the ability of “sticking” (adhesion) between the base and finishing coat. To do this, use red lead or metal paint diluted with white spirit.

Remember, preparation for painting takes significantly more time than the painting process itself. After applying the primer, you need to wait until it dries.

Coatings

Today, inorganic zinc coatings (polyurethane or acrylic) are widely used. An alternative is hot-dip galvanizing.

These materials can react with the metal and protect it from corrosion. Very often this process is called “cold galvanizing”. No other paints have these characteristics.

In this case, the calculation of the area to paint metal structures depends on the mass. Such coatings are very economical to use. When protecting steel, their components act by the galvanic method, and a layer of zinc hydroxide begins to form.

Spreading over the metal surface, it fills all the pores that formed during the zinc reaction.

Zinc hydroxide then forms zinc carbonate by reacting with carbon from the atmosphere. Given chemical compound insoluble and is an impenetrable barrier to moisture and rust.

Conclusion

Protecting metal from rust is one of the main areas of anti-corrosion treatment of materials. Painting metal structures at height and on the ground with special paints makes it possible to extend their maintenance-free service life. The video in this article will help you find Additional information on this topic.

TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS FOR DYING
METAL STRUCTURES FOR LIGHTING MAST SUPPORTS

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The technological regulations apply to work on anti-corrosion protection by painting metal structures of lighting mast supports.

1.2. The technological process of painting metal structures at the installation site includes the following sequential operations:

Surface preparation - degreasing, cleaning from oxides and scale, removing dust;

Restoration of primer layers applied at the manufacturer and damaged during transportation and installation work;

Application of coating layers of paint and varnish materials - preparation of working compositions of paint and varnish materials, application of the required TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS number of layers of required thickness;

Quality control and acceptance of complex coverage.

1.3. For the technological process, standard and unified tools and equipment must be used.

1.4. To protect metal structures from corrosion at the above-mentioned facility, the following coating system is used.

Coating system

Primer paint and varnish material - “Halopolim-02” 100 - 120 microns

(applied at the factory)

Coating paint and varnish material "Vinikor-62" 80 - 90 microns

Complex coating thickness 180 - 210 microns

1.5. The color scheme of the coating layers of the outer surfaces of metal structures is adopted in accordance with the color scheme.

2. PREPARATION OF THE SURFACE FOR PAINTING

2.1. Before painting, the metal surface should be free of scale, oxides, damaged primer, organic contaminants (oil, grease), burrs, sharp edges, flux residues, and welding spatter.

Surface degreasing

2.3. The degreasing process involves removing fat and oil contaminants under the influence of organic solvents and alkaline degreasing solutions.

2.4. The quality of surface degreasing is checked after the surface has completely dried using one of the methods recommended by GOST 9.402-80. Degreasing degree should be 1.

Mechanical methods for removing poorly applied paint and varnish and preparing welded and bolted assembly joints.

2.5. The degree of cleaning of the surface prepared for applying the primer layer is regulated by GOST 9.402-80: when viewed with the naked eye, scale and other non-metallic layers are not detected. The optimal roughness of a metal surface prepared for painting is Rz30.

2.6. Compressed air intended for painting by pneumatic spraying must comply with the requirements of GOST 9.010-80: moisture and mineral oils in the form of droplets are not allowed.

The presence of water and mineral oil in the compressed air is determined by a stream of air directed at the surface of the mirror for 3 minutes or at filter paper (with circles drawn with an ink pencil) for 15 minutes. Drops of moisture and oil are not allowed on the surface of the mirror. Oil stains should not appear on the surface of the paper and the drawn circles should not darken.

2.7. If flux residues, alkali slag, splashes and contact liquid are incompletely removed (carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection) in the area of ​​welded seams, accelerated destruction of the coating is possible, therefore, special attention should be paid to preparing the surface in the area of ​​welded seams and do not allow the use of oils as a contact fluid when carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection.

Surface preparation quality control

2.8. Monitoring the condition of the surface of metal structures should be carried out no later than 6 hours after surface preparation, and additionally immediately before painting for a period exceeding the permissible duration of the break between the preparation operation and painting.

2.9. The surface prepared for painting must be dry, dust-free, and free from contamination with oils and greases (if any, degrease again).

3. COATING TECHNOLOGY

3.1. Before painting metal structures, incoming inspection of paint and varnish materials should be carried out for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for these materials in accordance with clause.

3.2. Before starting each work shift, you should check:

Environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity);

Dew point temperature;

Absence of moisture and oil contamination on the surface prepared for applying paints and varnishes.

3.3. Before applying topcoat paints and varnishes, a mandatory check of the quality of the primer layers applied at the manufacturer is necessary. In this case, defects in the paint and varnish coating must be restored with the same paint and varnish materials that were used to paint metal structures at the manufacturer.

3.4. Before use, paint and varnish materials should be stirred until the sediment has completely risen. Preparation of working compositions and application of paints and varnishes is carried out in accordance with the Table.

3.5. Before application, paint and varnish materials must be brought to working viscosity and filtered through a sieve (GOST 6613).

3.6. Working viscosity is determined according to GOST 8420 using a VZ-246-4 viscometer.

3.7. When applying primer to bolted joints, it is necessary to use a nozzle with a small “torch” angle (30º - 40º), applying primer to the bolts and ends of the plates from all sides. In hard-to-reach places (where it is not possible to apply primer from all sides to the surface to be painted), apply a strip layer of primer with a brush.

3.8. At assembly joints, it is allowed to increase the thickness of the paint coating.

3.9. After applying primer to the surfaces of the installation joints and presenting the primed surfaces, coating layers are applied.

3.10. Coating system used:

“Halopolim - 02” + “Vinicolor - 62” - used for painting lighting masts

Table 1.

Technological parameters for applying paint and varnish coatings

3.11. Preparation and application of Halopolim-02 primer.

3.11.1. "Halopolim-02" is a two-component primer composition based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene, cured with a mixture of amine compounds in organic solvents.

3.11.2. Components “A” and “B” are mixed immediately before applying the composition to the surface to be protected. For 1000 gr. component “A” is introduced 150 g. component "B". The introduction of component “B” into component “A” is carried out with continuous stirring. After introducing component “A” into component “B”, the mixture must be kept for 60 minutes in order to remove air bubbles; before application, strain through a sieve (GOST 6613)

3.11.3. The shelf life of the composition from the moment of introduction of the hardener is at least 16 hours at a temperature of 20 ° C.

3.11.4. The primer can be applied at air temperatures from 0 °C to +45 °C and relative air humidity up to 80%. The temperature of the protected surface should be 3 °Cabove the dew point.

3.11.5. The primer should be applied in a uniform layer 80 microns thick (2 x 40 microns).

3.12. Preparation and application of Vinikor 62 enamel.

3.12.1. "Vinikor 62" is a two-component vinyl-epoxy enamel cured with amine hardeners.

Vinikor 62 enamel is cured with AF-2 hardeners in a ratio of 100:2.5 (per 100 parts by weight of the base - 2.5 parts by weight of hardener) or with DTB-2 hardener in a ratio of 100:2.2, supplied in complete with enamel.

3.12.2. When opening a container with enamel, if there is a dried film on the surface of the enamel, it must be completely removed from the container.

After removing the film, the enamel must be thoroughly mixed until a non-separating homogeneous mass is obtained until the sediment is completely lifted.

Up to working viscosity at ambient temperature 20± 2 ° The enamel is finished, if necessary, by introducing solvent P4 in an amount of no more than 5%.

3.12.3. After introducing the hardener, the enamel retains its painting properties for 24 hours.

3.12.4. The enamel should be applied in a uniform layer thickness of 80 ¸ 150 microns (2 or 3 layers of 40 - 50 microns depending on the coating system).

3.12.5. Drying time of the coating with natural drying and temperature 18¸ 20 ° C is 24 hours. Drying should be controlled organoleptically by pressing with a finger for 5¸ 6 seconds there should be no traces of primer left on the finger.

3.12.6. Enamel can be applied at air temperatures from 0° to +35° and relative air humidity up to 85%.

4. QUALITY CONTROL OF PAINT COATINGS

General requirements

4.1. The task of the line engineers and the TECHNADZOR representative includes careful operational control of the entire technological process of applying paints and varnishes, including:

Quality of materials used;

Performance of control devices;

Personnel qualifications;

Compliance of climatic conditions with the requirements of the Technological Regulations for painting work;

Process parameters;

The quality of individual technological operations;

Compliance with safety and environmental regulations.

Incoming inspection of paints and varnishes

Accompanying documentation confirming the compliance of the received material with the ordered one and its quality (certificate, passport, information on the shipping container) must contain the following information:

Brand of material;

Name of the supplier company;

Material color and color code number according to the catalogue;

Date of manufacture and expiration date;

Basic technical characteristics of the material.

The quality of coating materials received from the manufacturer is often assessed by comparing the main technical characteristics specified in the certificate for the batch of materials and the same characteristics in the manufacturer’s technical documentation (specifications, instructions, brochures, etc.). However, in doubtful cases, a representative of the CUSTOMER'S TECHNICAL SUPERVISION has the right to demand testing for certain indicators.

Regarding testing of paint and varnish materials, you should contact the Central Research Institute of CM "Prometey" (Dr. Sc. Pirogov V.D., Ph.D. Sc. Stepanova Irina Pavlovna tel. 274-18-14, 274-17-29, t/fax 274-17-07)

Paints and varnishes in which a surface film, gelatinization or the formation of a solid-dry sediment are observed (which are observed when opening the packaging) are rejected and not allowed into production.

4.3. Painting equipment, control devices, technological equipment, personal protective equipment must be in working condition, which must be certified in the relevant documents.

4.4. Manufacturers of painting work must have documented qualifications appropriate to the type of work performed.

All personnel must have the necessary knowledge of painting technology, safety precautions and environmental protection.

4.5. When assessing the quality of a painted surface (each layer and the complete coating system), a visual inspection of the entire surface is performed. Individual tests and measurements provided for in the technological documentation (film thickness, adhesion, continuity, degree of drying, etc.) are carried out in such places and with such frequency as to obtain data on the actual values ​​of the measured parameters.

4.6. At each location, at least three measurements are taken and the average value is calculated. Quality criteria for the painted surface for each controlled indicator must be specified in the Technological Regulations and recommendations of the paint supplier.

Climate control

4.7. Monitoring climatic conditions during painting work must be done at least twice per shift, incl. the first time - before starting work. In unstable weather, measurements should be taken every two hours.

4.8. Climate control includes:

Lack of precipitation or its consequences;

Compliance of the air temperature and the surface to be painted with the requirements set out in the Technological Regulations and in the technical documentation for the paint and varnish material used;

Compliance of relative air humidity with the requirements set out in the Technological Regulations and in the technical documentation for the material used;

Possibility of moisture condensation during painting work.

4.9. Air temperature should be measured with mercury or electronic thermometers with accuracy ± 0,5 ° C. Measurements must be taken in close proximity to the surface to be painted. When performing painting work outdoors, measurements must be taken from both the sunny and shady sides. The obtained air temperature values ​​must be compared with the permissible application temperature values ​​of the paint and varnish material used and a CONCLUSION must be made about the possibility of performing painting work.

4.10. Relative humidity should be measured:

Aspiration psychrometers or vortex meters with precision± 3 %;

Digital electronic hygrometers with precision measurements± 2% and measurement limit from 0 to 97% in the temperature range from 0 to 70° WITH.

The obtained relative humidity values ​​must be compared with the values ​​​​permissible for the paint and varnish material used and a CONCLUSION must be made about the possibility of performing painting work.

4.11. The temperature of the surface to be painted should be measured with a magnetic contact thermometer with measurement accuracy± 0,5 ° C. It is recommended to take at least one measurement per 10 sq.m. surfaces. Then you should select the lowest and highest value for each area, compare them with the permissible temperatures of the surface to be painted for the paint material used and make a CONCLUSION about the admissibility of painting work.

If necessary, selective painting of those areas that currently meet the requirements for climatic conditions is allowed.

4.12. The probability of moisture condensation on the surface to be painted is determined by:

According to relative humidity values;

Based on the difference between air temperature and dew point;

Based on the difference between the temperature of the surface being painted and the dew point.

4.13. According to ISO 8502-4, if the relative humidity is 85% or higher, the conditions for painting are considered critical as the temperature is less than 3 degrees above the dew point.° WITH.

If the relative air humidity is 80% or the air temperature is 3.4° C above the dew point, then conditions for painting can be considered favorable for approximately the next six hours.

To avoid moisture condensation, the temperature of the surface to be painted must be at least 3° C above the dew point during painting work.

The dew point is determined from the tables given in the ISO 8502-4 standard, based on the measured values ​​of temperature and relative humidity.

4.14. The results of measurements of climatic parameters with the corresponding values ​​must be recorded in the work log.

Control during the application of paints and varnishes

4.15. During the application of paints and varnishes, the following indicators are usually monitored:

Continuity of coating over the entire surface area;

Wet layer thickness;

Dry layer thickness;

Number of coating layers;

Adhesion;

The degree of drying of each coat of coating before applying the next coat.

4.16. Before starting painting work, it is necessary to check the condition of the surface again. If more than 6 hours have passed since cleaning, you must ensure that the condition of the surface meets the relevant requirements.

4.17. Continuity of the coating, i.e. the uniform, gap-free distribution of the paint and varnish material over the surface is usually assessed visually (by hiding power) under good diffused light or artificial lighting.

However, when forming paint and varnish coatings on critical structures (this must be specified by a representative of the CUSTOMER'S TECHNICAL SUPERVISION), the continuity of the coating is controlled instrumentally - using a low voltage continuity detector.

4.18. Coating thickness. During the application of paints and varnishes, the film thickness of each layer and the total thickness of the coating must be monitored. This can be done by measuring the thickness of the wet film first, then (before applying the next layer) the dry film thickness. When applying Vinikor 62 enamel, it is allowed to control the total thickness of the coating.

Based on the thickness of the wet film, you can approximately estimate the thickness of the dry film using the formula:

TSP = TMP · DN/100, where

TMP - wet film thickness (determined using a “comb”);

DN - volume fraction of non-volatile substances (%).

For enamel "Vinikor 62" TSP - 2 TMP

However, in practice, direct control of the thickness of the dry film, both layer-by-layer and of the entire coating system, is carried out, since it gives more accurate values ​​of the coating thickness.

4.19. To measure the thickness of coatings on a magnetic substrate, instruments are used that operate on the principle of measuring the magnetic flux between a magnet and a magnetic substrate or the force of separation of a magnet from a magnetic substrate.

All instruments must be calibrated to “0” before use and every 4 hours during use, the upper limit and those thickness values ​​that will preferably be monitored. For this purpose, a set of reference samples is used.

4.20. When monitoring coating thicknesses, the number and location of measurement sites must be such as to provide reliable data on the actual thickness of the paint coating. This should be the subject of agreement between the parties concerned and noted in the technology documentation. Typically, the following ratio is taken between the number of locations for measuring the thickness of the coating and the area of ​​the surface to be painted:

4.21. At each measuring location with an area of ​​about 0.5 m2, at least three measurements are taken and the average value is calculated. To resolve the issue of acceptable coating thickness, the well-known “Rule 90 - 10” is usually applied: 90% of the measured thicknesses must be no less than the thickness specified in the technological documentation; 10% of the measured thicknesses must be at least 90% of the thickness specified in the technological documentation.

If the thickness of the coating is significantly higher than that specified in the documentation, then the issue of admissibility of the coating is decided by the interested parties.

COATING is considered unacceptable if its thickness is more than twice the required thickness.

4.22. Coating adhesion is determined in accordance with GOST 15140-78 or ISO 2409 and ISO 4624 standards. Methods for determining adhesion are destructive and require restoration of the coating in damaged areas. Therefore, the number of measurements is agreed upon by the interested parties and noted in the technological documentation.

Tests are carried out at a temperature (22 ± 2)° C and relative humidity (50 ± 5)% on coated plates. The number of cuts in each direction of the lattice pattern should be 6.

The distance between cuts depends on the thickness of the coating:

With a thickness of up to 60 microns - 1 mm;

from 61 to 120 microns - 2 mm;

from 121 to 250 microns - 3 mm.

4.23. The degree of drying of each coating layer is controlled to determine the possibility of applying a subsequent layer, controlled using the methods of the ISO 1517 standard or tactile methods (touching the fingers).

In practice, such indicators as “dry to touch” and “dry to the touch” are used. These expressions mean:

- “dry to touch” - lightly pressing the coating with your finger does not leave a mark and does not give a sticky feeling;

- “dry to the touch” - carefully feeling the coating with your hands does not cause damage.

4.24. In addition to assessing the coating according to the above indicators, a representative of the CUSTOMER'S TECHNICAL SUPERVISION during the inspection process must visually inspect the entire surface after applying each layer to detect coating defects.

4.25. The appearance of the coating must correspond V class according to GOST 9.407: the coating should not have gaps, cracks, chips, bubbles, craters, wrinkles and other defects that affect the protective properties, as well as unpainted areas. Quality control of the appearance of coatings should be carried out by inspecting painted structures. Up to 4 inclusions per 1 dm are allowed 2 . 2 mm in size (or another number of inclusions, if the size of each inclusion and the total size of the inclusions does not exceed 8 mm per 1 dm²) (requirements of GOST 9.032-74 for class V paintwork).

Control of the formed paint coating

4.26. Control of the formed paint coating is carried out to the same extent as control during the application of paints and varnishes.

However, in this case, the drying period of the coating is taken to be the holding period before commissioning, i.e. until the coating reaches optimal physical, mechanical and protective properties.

After complete formation, the coating is subject to 100% visual inspection for the presence of coloring defects.

5. PREPARATION OF DOCUMENTATION

5.1. The implementation of control operations and the results of control are documented at all stages of work on applying paints and varnishes.

In the work log (JOURNAL OF WORKS on anti-corrosion protection, painting of steel structures), the foreman (master) or inspector (responsible person of the CUSTOMER) notes on a daily basis all the work that he had to perform during the day, indicating the date and time.

5.2. Inspection and acceptance certificates are issued for individual stages of work corresponding to the preparation of the surface for painting and, as a rule, the application of each layer of the coating system. The act notes the results of the technological process of applying paints and varnishes and the quality of the formed coatings, including:

brands and quality of materials used;

operability of equipment, technological equipment and control devices;

technological process parameters;

quality of surface preparation for painting and application of each coating layer according to the main indicators;

quality of a fully formed coating in terms of key indicators.

The act makes a conclusion about the compliance of the quality of painting work with the requirements of standards and Technological Regulations and the acceptance of a specific scope of work.

In case of any deviations from the requirements of the standards or technological Regulations for painting work, which were not corrected based on the comments of the resident engineer (inspector), a NOTICE of violation of the requirements of regulatory documents is issued.

5.3. Upon completion of painting work, i.e. upon acceptance by the CUSTOMER's TECHNICAL SUPERVISION representative (inspector) of the fully formed paint and varnish coating, a summary report on quality control of painting work at the facility is drawn up. The summary report contains all the basic information about the organization of work and the values ​​of the main parameters for the entire technological process. If necessary, photographs of the most characteristic (or controversial) areas of the cleaned or painted surface are attached to the summary report.

6. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND INDUSTRIAL SANITATION.

6.1. The painting process must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.005-75, SNiP 12-09, as well as “Sanitary rules for painting work using hand sprayers” M 991-72, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health dated September 22, 1972.

6.2. When preparing the surface for painting, it is necessary to comply with the safety requirements in accordance with GOST 9.402-80.

6.3. In warehouses and painting areas, work involving the use of open flames, sparks, smoking, etc. is not allowed. Areas must be equipped with foam fire extinguishers, sand boxes and other fire-fighting equipment.

6.4. Production personnel should not be allowed to carry out painting work without personal protective equipment that meets the requirements of GOST 12.4.011-89.

6.5. Workers carrying out painting work must wear special clothing. Workwear that has been doused with solvents or paints and varnishes should be immediately replaced with clean ones.

6.6. To protect the respiratory system from exposure to paint mist and solvent vapors, workers must use respirators such as RU-60M or RPG-67, as well as safety glasses.

6.7. When carrying out painting work in a “closed” space, it is necessary to use gas masks or specialized helmets with forced air supply.

6.8. When working in gas masks, workers should have a supply of replacement “tanks”.

6.9. Lighting in boxes must be explosion-proof or headlamps can be used.

6.10. To protect the skin of the hands, it is necessary to use rubber seals or ointments and pastes in accordance with GOST 12.4.068-79 type IER-1, silicone cream, etc.

6.11. Containers containing paints and varnishes and solvents must have stickers or tags with the exact name and designation of the materials. The container must be in good condition and have tight-fitting lids.

6.12. Sawdust, rags, wiping ends, rags contaminated with paints and varnishes and solvents should be placed in metal boxes and taken to specially designated areas at the end of each shift.

6.13. Near the workplace there should be clean water, freshly prepared saline solution (0.6 - 0.9% sodium chloride solution), a clean dry towel, and cleaning material.

6.14. If solvent or paint material gets into your eyes, you should immediately rinse your eyes with plenty of water, then saline, and then consult a doctor.

6.15. After finishing work, it is necessary to clean the workplace, clean work clothes and protective equipment.

6.16. In each shift, special persons must be allocated and trained to provide first aid.

APPLICATION

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