Kitchen hoods - types (45 photos), operating principle and maintenance. Kitchen hood design: anatomy of clean air in the kitchen How a kitchen hood works above the stove

If you have not previously encountered the selection and installation of kitchen hoods, then their design may seem quite complicated to you.

In fact, the kitchen hood device is quite accessible even for self-study– and if available quality instructions or an explanatory article, you will even more easily understand it.

Flow type hoods

Features of the design of flow hoods

In household appliance stores today we can find a huge number of different ones. Their models differ in size, design, price, performance, etc. But the main difference lies in the very principle of operation of the hoods.

According to this parameter, all hoods are divided into:

Supply (exhaust);
Recirculation (filtering).

Flow type hoods are designed for active suction of air from the space above kitchen stove or working surface and removing it into the building’s ventilation system through a pipe - air duct.

Flow hoods are either passive or active.

Passive hoods flow type does not contain electric motors in its design. The capture and removal of air from the kitchen occurs solely due to draft in the ventilation duct system.
Such hoods have a fairly long history, but today they are practically not used in kitchens in private houses and apartments.
Active hoods operate due to an electric motor installed inside the dome. During operation, the electric motor creates a fairly powerful upward air flow, due to which soot, soot, drops of fat suspended in the air, etc. are removed from the kitchen.

Regardless of the type, the flow is directly above the stove. To connect the hood with ventilation passages buildings use metal air ducts. Most often, a corrugated pipe or a sealed tin box is used as an air duct.

Note! To prevent extraneous noise from occurring when air passes through the duct, the pipe is wrapped soundproofing material(for example, batting). Also, quite often air ducts are hidden behind suspended ceilings.

The air duct is secured to the neck of the hood using special metal clamps. For a more efficient connection between the air duct and the ventilation duct, you can use a special grille - an adapter (pictured).

What does the operation of flow hoods depend on?

The efficiency of such a hood depends not only on its dimensions and power, but also on the condition in which it is located. ventilation system building:

If ventilation ducts clogged with debris or old plaster– the performance of a vent hood is significantly reduced.
To prevent this, you must either clean the air vents yourself, or (if you live in an apartment) contact housing maintenance organizations with a request to put the ventilation in order.
In addition to ventilation, air flow is also important for the correct operation of the hood.. In order to ensure air flow in the kitchen, either install ventilation valve(can be wall or window), or they make decorative perforation at the bottom of the kitchen door.

The main advantage of flow-type hoods is that they not only clean the air in the kitchen, but also replace it with fresh - with high content oxygen and less - carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

Recirculation type hoods

Operating principle of filter hoods

Unlike flow-through hoods, circulation hoods do not require connection to the building’s ventilation shaft.

Below we will tell you how a filter-type kitchen hood works:

Under the influence of the rotating blades of the hood motor, the air above the stove is sucked into its body.
At the entrance to the housing, contaminated air passes through the first filter (the so-called grease filter). This filter retains not only drops of fat, but also soot, soot particles, dust, etc.
The coarsely cleaned air is pumped under pressure into the second filter. This filter is designed for fine air purification (small soot particles, unpleasant odors, etc.) and is a cartridge filled with granular carbon.
After passing through two filters, the purified air flows back into the kitchen.

Advantages of recirculating hoods

Despite the fact that historically recirculating hoods appeared much later than flow-type hoods, they still gained some popularity.

The reason for this is the advantages that filter hoods provide to their owners:

Firstly, the efficiency of an exhaust device of this type is in no way related to the state of ventilation of the building.
That is why recirculating hoods are installed in houses with poorly functioning ventilation, as well as in private houses.
Secondly, the absence of air ducts not only greatly simplifies the installation of the hood, but also contributes to the creation of more harmonious interior in the kitchen.
At a minimum, we don’t have to look for ways to disguise a big metal pipe under the ceiling.
Thirdly, caring for filter hoods is very simple, and consists only of periodically cleaning the anti-grease filter and replacing the carbon filter.

The key drawback of such hoods is that they do not replace the air in the room, but only drive it through filters. Therefore, although the hood copes well with smoke and odors, the carbon dioxide content in the air remains at the same level as before filtration. This means you will have to ventilate the kitchen more often.

Hood design elements

Housing and ducts

A modern hood consists of several elements - and below we will consider each of them in some detail.

Let's start looking at the details with those that are in sight:

The design of the housing and air ducts is important, first of all, for flow-type hoods. Hoods with filters do not have an air duct as such - and the body serves almost exclusively a decorative function.
Tolley matter - exhaust hoods. As a rule, they are made in the form of fairly large domes. This shape facilitates the suction of air over the stove and prevents polluted air from spreading throughout the kitchen.
The surface of the body - both internal and external - should be periodically cleaned of grease deposits..
If outside this needs to be done to ensure an attractive appearance, then inside - to keep the hood in working condition.
Air ducts can also be different shapes, however, most often, as we noted above, they are made round or square in cross-section. The optimal diameter of the air duct is 150 mm or more.

Note!
The fewer bends (i.e. turns) the air duct has, the more efficient the hood works. Each rotation of the air duct by 90 0 reduces the performance of the hood by 10%.

Engine and “filling”

Next in line will be the engine - the “heart” of our hood. Some models have two engines installed, which provides a significant increase in power.

Typically kitchen exhaust devices are equipped with electric motors with a power of 50 to 200 watts and operating speeds of 1500 to 2000 rpm. The performance of the hood, as well as the volume of its energy consumption, directly depends on the engine power.

Note!
An important parameter when choosing a hood is the volume of its engine. As a rule, more powerful engines they work more noisily, so you should not take a hood with a large power reserve - after all, it will also make much more noise.

In addition to the motor, the energy consumption of the hood is also affected by the installed lamps that provide directional illumination of the stove or work surface. Either halogen or LED lamps are installed as lighting.

The second option is more economical, since halogen lamps consume almost the same amount of energy as standard incandescent lamps.

A cord is used to connect the hood to the mains (220V, 50Hz). As a rule, its length is no more than two meters, so you often have to either use an extension cord or install a surface-mounted socket.

Note!
The current is about 1A, so to connect the socket you need wires with a cross-section of 0.75 mm 2 or more.

In fact electrical diagram kitchen hood not particularly difficult. That is why, if you have the appropriate skills, you can repair the electrical part of the hood yourself.

Anti-grease filter

The next element of the hood that we will consider is the grease filter.

This filter is installed “at the inlet” in almost any type of hood, and not only cleans the air from large impurities, but also protects the engine and electrical components from fatty deposits.

is a cassette of metal mesh or perforated foil placed in several layers. When choosing a hood model, it is better to give preference to those devices whose anti-grease filters are equipped with an anti-corrosion coating.
Inexpensive hoods can also be equipped with disposable anti-grease filters. These filters are made from synthetic fabric and require periodic replacement. And although the price of such a filter is quite low, it is still better to purchase models with metal grease traps.
The anti-grease filter requires periodic cleaning to remove contamination. To remove grease, dishwashing detergent is most often used - as a rule, this is sufficient.

Carbon filter

For finer filtration, and most importantly, to clean the air from unpleasant odors, carbon filters are used in recirculating hoods:

The carbon filter is installed behind the hood motor, which ensures that air passes through it under significant pressure..
The design of the carbon filter includes plastic case, inside of which there is coal powder or coal granules.
You should avoid wetting the carbon filter, as caked carbon creates resistance to air flow, reducing the hood's power.
Carbon filters are disposable filters and therefore require replacement at the end of their service life. Typically, information about the operating time of the filter is contained in the instructions for the hood itself.

Replacement of carbon filters is quite simple - to do this, just press the latches and remove the filter housing from the mounts. Do not use excessive force to avoid damaging the latches. If you are in doubt about how to properly remove the filter for replacement, we recommend that you watch an explanatory video.

We hope that the information presented in this article about how a kitchen hood works will be useful to you. And when the time comes to make a choice in favor of one model or another (see also) - you will choose the device that best suits your requirements.

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Manufacturers of household appliances offer a large assortment exhaust devices that vary in design, functionality and size. It can be difficult to choose suitable option for a specific kitchen and furniture. For those who don’t know how to choose a hood for the kitchen, advice from professionals will help right choice. It is important to know what criteria are used to select a device to make it easier to navigate the assortment offered by manufacturers. Having identified the main parameters, making the right choice will not be difficult.

It’s difficult for a housewife to manage without a hood

Even if ventilation works well in the house, it is quite difficult to manage without an exhaust device. During the preparation of fried or stewed dishes in living room Various odors will penetrate. Before deciding which hood is best, you should familiarize yourself with all possible options execution. It is important to understand that if one model is ideal for one interior, then it will not be appropriate in another.

Bosch hoods are only in the first positions

Products of famous German manufacturer is different high quality assemblies. For its production are used quality materials capable of withstanding enough harsh conditions operation. When choosing, you should focus on the width and technical characteristics of a particular model. Bosch DFS 067K50 can be built into a wall cabinet with a width of 60 cm. It has the following advantages:

Retractable screen with decorative metal panel, equipped with touch control;
Single style with household appliances Bosch, allowing the device to become part of a harmoniously designed space;
Grease filters made of aluminum can be washed in dishwashers, which greatly simplifies the maintenance of the exhaust device;
Additional sound insulation, making the operation of the product more comfortable;
Three main operating modes and one additional mode, allowing you to choose the optimal option for cleaning the airspace. A special sensor, having analyzed the volume of incoming vapors, will automatically select the desired mode;
Capacity 700 cubic meters per hour;
An indicator indicating the degree of filling of the filters.

Another model is the Bosch DWK095G60R hood, which has an inclined design. Its productivity is 580 cubic meters per hour. The width of the model is 89.6 cm. This optimal size for gas stoves standard size. During operation, it can create a noise of 70 dB. Operation in recirculation and exhaust mode makes the device relevant for apartments and private houses.

Review of Hansa hoods: help in choosing

Hansa offers a wide range of hoods. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the features of each model before choosing a specific one.

Hansa OKC 6726 IH – fireplace model with attractive design and touch controls. The case is made of stainless steel and mirror glass. Product width 60 cm. Capacity – 620 cubic meters per hour. Work in three modes. Filter contamination indicator.

The Hansa OSC 611 WH hood with a traditional design has a motor capacity of 335 cubic meters per hour. Mechanical control. It is equipped with a synthetic grease filter, as well as a carbon filter upon additional order.

OWC 4778 I is a cylindrical fireplace model. The maximum volume of extracted air can reach 900 cubic meters per hour. The smell indicator ensures that the device turns on automatically. The LED display makes the control process easier.

Popular models of Gorenje hoods

Under the Gorenje trademark, diverse models are produced with various technical characteristics. Popular ones include:

Model	Photo	Peculiarities
	Gorenje DK 6335 RW	Fireplace wall model 60 cm wide. Capacity 780 cubic meters per hour. Mechanical control.
	Gorenje DU5345W	Suitable for small kitchen. It can be mounted together with slabs 50 cm wide. It can clean the air well in recirculation mode. The fan of the device can operate in three modes, providing a maximum performance of 300 cubic meters per hour.
	Gorenje DT9SY2B	Characteristic T shape. Wall-mounted. Mechanical control. Width 90 cm

Article

According to the principle of operation everything exhaust systems resemble a vacuum cleaner, but they face completely different tasks. The hood is designed to remove different particles, appearing in the air during cooking, thereby extending the life of furniture and other accessories. How is this function implemented? Let's look at the hood design and its main components.

This system was specially designed by engineers to filter the air and remove contaminants from the cooking area: splashes of fat, soot from a gas stove.

The key task is the removal of combustion products natural gas, which can provide negative impact on human health.

Also the function of the kitchen hood is carcinogen removal, maintaining a normal atmosphere in the room. It provides multiple inflows fresh air, which has according to established sanitary standards the minimum value is not lower than 10. That is, within an hour the system must filter the room air at least 10 times.

How the hood is designed directly depends on the method of operation used. Modern exhaust systems can operate in two modes: remove polluted air or filter it.

Classification by type of cleaning

According to the method of air purification, all exhaust devices can be divided into two large groups. They pass air from the kitchen through special filters and return it back. In fact, they are not even exhaust systems, because the air from the room does not escape anywhere, but is simply cleaned using the right components.

Every woman most spends time in the kitchen, so clean air in this part of the house is the key to the health of every housewife. During the time spent near the stove, she inhales not only the aroma of freshly prepared food, but also fat, which makes breathing difficult and does not contribute to maintaining health. Kitchen furniture and Appliances are also susceptible to greasy deposits, fumes and soot.

But fortunately, today there is such modern remedy to clean the air, that's why you need a hood in the kitchen. They are able to purify approximately 95% of the air. If your home doesn't already have this desired device, then it's time to think about purchasing it.

The main function of a kitchen hood is to cleanse the room from food odors, fumes and flying grease. Depending on the structure of the kitchen hood, polluted air can simply be transported outside, or it can be filtered and returned back into the room. In addition, do not forget about this useful property like lighting working area using built-in light bulbs. A kitchen hood is also an integral aesthetic element. The device can give the interior of the room a certain completeness. When choosing a kitchen hood, you cannot limit yourself to just getting to know the main functions; you should delve into the operating principle of this device from the technical side.

How does a kitchen hood work?

There is nothing complicated about the design of a kitchen hood; it is simple, if not primitive. Older models have Bottom part housings. It consists of a coarse filter that removes all grease and soot. Modern models are equipped with a grease trap hidden behind a decorative cover.

There are several fans inside. They are driven by a motor. An air duct is immediately installed behind the fan; it leads to the shaft or directly to the street. New models are equipped carbon filters, which clean the air from various kinds of unpleasant odors and return it to the room again. This method is called recycling.

The grease filter installed in the hood can be metal or synthetic. Metal option Can be washed in the dishwasher or by hand. It is worth noting that it is preferable to choose aluminum filters from metal ones due to its light weight and protection against corrosion. Carbon filters are fine filters; they cannot be washed at home yourself, so they will have to be changed from time to time. The body of the device can be metal or plastic. If we talk about practicality, there is no difference between them. The hood body should be chosen based on aesthetic considerations.

Hood power calculation

First you need to know that the kitchen hood must be wider than the working surface of the stove. The wide hood effectively performs its functions. Ideally, its width should exceed the width hob by 30 cm. The hood is placed at a height of approximately 80 cm from the gas stove and 70 cm from the electric stove. It is not recommended to place it below.

The performance of a kitchen hood means how much air it can pass through itself in a certain unit of time (hour). It is worth recalling that you need to know not the maximum performance of the device, but the calculated one.

Hood performance, measured in cubic meters, and it can be calculated in this way. Kitchen volume without volume kitchen furniture reduced by 10. This number means that the air in the kitchen during cooking must be renewed ten or more times within an hour. The device must not operate on full power, so you should choose a kitchen hood with a higher capacity than the area of your kitchen requires.

Air exchange in ordinary kitchen it happens like this: fresh air enters through windows and doors, and steam, smoke and other heat treatment products are formed inside. To ventilate the kitchen, you need to open the windows and doors at the same time to create a draft. At the same time, together with unpleasant odors Heat leaves the kitchen. To avoid this, exhaust devices were created that remove all unnecessary odors from the kitchen. This is called forced air exchange. IN Lately air purifiers are considered not only as Technical equipment, but also as a design element of the interior.

Often, special filters are installed in hoods that even capture fatty particles from the air. And if gas is supplied to the apartment, the hood can prevent danger in the event of a leak. Lamps are often installed in hoods, which not only serve as a light source, but also destroy harmful microorganisms due to bactericidal radiation.

Hood operating modes

Depending on the method of operation, there are two types of hoods. Some - exhaust air cleaners - suck in vapors from the stove and throw them out through the ventilation opening. Others - filter air purifiers - suction harmful impurities and return purified air to the kitchen.

There are filters in both hoods, but in the first case it is only a grease filter, which cleans the air only from fatty particles, and in the second, in addition to grease, there is also a carbon filter that traps almost all harmful impurities.

Almost everyone's device modern models hoods allows you to switch from filter mode to exhaust mode, and vice versa. Sometimes the buyer wonders why the package includes only an exhaust filter and no carbon filter. But the manufacturer does not know in advance whether the hood will be used in both modes, so a carbon filter can always be purchased separately and easily installed. Sometimes the exhaust and filter modes are called open and closed cycles of the hood.

Note that even if purified air is returned back, fresh air cannot be prevented from entering through doors, windows or ventilation. If the air comes from below, this is not the best option, since a person sitting at a table enters the area where fumes from the stove move. If the air comes from above, then harmful impurities are quickly drawn out through the inlet section of the air purifier.

When the hood is turned on, it is better if the windows and doors in the room are tightly closed, otherwise low pressure will form. You can open a window in one of the adjacent rooms.

It is also important to consider how strong the humidity is in the kitchen. This is one of the components of the feeling of comfort. Excess water vapor from cooking is also removed through the hood; for this, the air outlet duct is given a slope of 2 degrees so that water droplets come out and not back into the kitchen.

Types of filters

Let's take a closer look at grease and carbon filters. Both types can be “soft”, that is, have the appearance of a rectangular porous sheet nonwoven fabric(acrylic fiber, padding polyester, etc.). They differ in color: grease filter gray, and charcoal is black, as it contains activated carbon.

On the market you can find combination filters that can simultaneously perform both functions, since both layers are present in their design.

The advantage of soft filters is that they can easily be given any shape by cutting them to fit the parameters of the hood.

There is another modification of filters - this is hard plastic frame(for a carbon filter) or a metal frame (for a grease filter).

The carbon filter frame (usually round or rectangular) has an insert made of porous material filled with activated carbon. Like the soft filter, this one can only be used once and cannot be washed. After certain period service just needs to replace it with a new one.

The hard grease filter is made of aluminum wire and can last a very long time. It should be washed once a month by hand or in the dishwasher at 60 C. It should be thoroughly dried before reinstalling.

How to choose the right hood

When buying a hood, you need to evaluate both technical and aesthetic indicators. Technical - power (unit of measurement - m3/hour), that is, the volume of air that passes through the hood per hour of operation. For a small kitchen whose owners do not use the stove very often, the best option there will be an exhaust with a capacity of 150-300 m3/hour. For a family of 3-4 people, it is better to choose a power of 400-500 m3/hour.

Typically, the hood can operate in three power modes: minimum, medium and maximum. The first is almost silent and the most economical. In an emergency, if something suddenly burns, you can switch to maximum.

As already mentioned, in the filter mode, in addition to the grease filter, a carbon filter is also installed, so the performance of the hood is slightly reduced: the fan needs to force air through another filter. So if in the exhaust mode the air purifier passes 230 m3/hour, then in the recirculation mode it passes only 200 m3/hour.

There is a term “air exchange rate”. This is the ratio of air purified per hour to the volume of the kitchen. An indicator from 6 to 12 is considered normal, that is, in an hour the air in the kitchen should be renewed 6-12 times. For example, if the volume of the kitchen is 25 m3 (that is, the height is 2.5 m and the area is 10 m2), then the air will be renewed 6 times at a hood capacity of 25 * 6 = 150 m3/hour, and 12 times at 300 m3/hour.

If the air purifier is expected to operate only in extract mode, then important factor The choice may be air pressure (unit of measurement - pascals or millimeters of mercury). If the air purifier is located on the ground floor, and the ventilation opening is several floors higher, then it is necessary to provide a pressure that can overcome the weight of the air column in the ventilation duct.

Aesthetic parameters include the design and design of the hood, which matches the interior of the kitchen.

Based on these parameters, there are several main types of hoods:

Freely installable;

Integrated (semi-integrated);

Fireplace;

Ostrovnaya.

A free-standing hood can be mounted on a wall without shelves on top, or you can hang a box above it in the form of a kitchen shelf. True, this design will have the bottom removed so that air can escape through it. The integrated hood is completely built into the kitchen shelf.

The fireplace hood is also mounted on the wall and resembles a casing over the fireplace.

The island hood is attached to the ceiling. It is placed above the kitchen island: a work table that is not located along the wall, but in the center of the kitchen.

The height at which any hood should be located above the stove should be:

465 mm for electric stoves

650 mm for gas stoves

700 mm for stoves burning wood or coal.

New technologies in the production of air purifiers

Most new hood models are equipped with additional functions. The fan rotation speed can be set more precisely - with stepwise speed control, the number of steps can reach up to 10. In this case, the computer itself sets the duration of operation at maximum performance for a given time. Touch Control panels and infrared remote controls appear remote control, halogen lamps and other new items.

The main achievement of manufacturers is that contact has been established between the hood and the stove. For example, an induction hob may send a signal to turn on the hood. The fan speed is adjusted to the power of the induction burners. The hood can also be switched to manual control, but it will automatically switch to forced operation if the power of the burners suddenly increases significantly

The newest hoods are connected to the stove using ultrasonic waves. The hoods have a built-in ultrasonic sensor that detects the presence of impurities in the air and automatically maintains the required power fan

Noise from the hood

Noise level regular hood maybe about 50-65 decibels. In order not to go deep into mathematical terms, let's compare these numbers with human speech: from quiet to normal. It must be remembered that in technical specifications As a rule, noise levels are indicated at three meanings fan speed: low, medium and high. The most important thing is how quietly the hood operates at low speed, because most often this is its normal mode.

How to use a hood correctly

The hood must not be connected to ventilation openings intended for other units that are not powered by electricity (a wood-burning stove, for example). The length of the channel cannot be more than 4 meters, and there should be as few bends and slopes as possible.

The hood cannot be used as an additional shelf in the kitchen.

It is forbidden to cook burning food under a hood, as an open flame when interacting with carbon filters can cause a fire. This also applies to long-term frying: the oil may burst into flames due to overheating. In this case, you need to immediately turn off the air purifier and stove.

To make the hood last longer, it is better to use it at a minimum fan speed if the conditions in the kitchen are normal and turn on the forced mode only when there is a large accumulation of undesirable impurities in the air.

It is better to turn on the hood a few minutes before you start cooking, and do not turn it off until the air is completely cleared.

If appliances that use combustion air ( gas stoves), you need to ensure the supply of fresh air, since the air purifier draws it in.

Filters need to be cleaned regularly. Firstly, a clean filter provides better air purification. Secondly, grease can flow from a clogged filter onto the burners, and this is a fire hazard. The frequency of filter replacement depends on the intensity of food preparation and its quality (fatty or light food).

Another factor is the air in the kitchen. When the air is dry, the cleaning takes place more efficiently and quickly, but when the air is humid, the filters begin to work worse. Some models are equipped with filter replacement indicators. From these you can understand that it is time to replace or clean the filter.

The hood should be washed with a soft cloth and dishwashing detergent. Before doing this, the device must be turned off from the network. The grease filter is easy to wash hot water using a fat dissolving agent.