home · On a note · Purification of exhaust smoke after smoking. Technomaster. Helpful information. Smoking and smoke composition Traditional cold smoke smokehouse design

Purification of exhaust smoke after smoking. Technomaster. Helpful information. Smoking and smoke composition Traditional cold smoke smokehouse design

Smoking as a method of food preservation has been known for a very long time. Today it has not lost its relevance, not so much because of the long shelf life, but because of the taste qualities that the product acquires. In this article we will talk about how to make a smoke generator for cold smoking with your own hands.

Traditional cold smoke smokehouse setup

Regardless of the type of smoking, the source of smoke is the fire. When cold smoking, the main thing is that the smoke is cold or warm, but not hot. The maximum temperature is about +40°C. To do this, the fire is lit several meters from the smoking cabinet, and a chimney pipe is laid between them. Passing along this path, the smoke cools to acceptable temperatures.

Installing a chimney is a long process. The smoke path must ensure normal heat removal and must be sealed. To create a chimney, you can use a standard metal chimney(but not made of galvanized steel), but in order for the smoke to cool better, it is advisable to bury the pipe in the ground. All in all, not an easy task. This is why they prefer to make a hot smoked smokehouse - less problems- set a barrel over the fire and smoke...

But there is a simple smoke generator for cold smoking, which will cost literally several thousand. But to work you will also need the ability to handle it. Everything else can be bought at the market or at a hardware store. If you have all the components, you can assemble a smoke generator for smoking with your own hands in an hour or two.

A simple smoke generator for cold smoking with your own hands

If you do not need production volumes, you can make a small and simple smoke generator from metal pipe. A body is made from the pipe, into which sawdust or shavings are stuffed. The shavings are ignited from below, the smoke rises upward, where it is removed using a welded pipe into smoking chamber. To enhance traction, a low-power compressor is connected to the upper part of the housing - with a capacity of 1.5-2 liters/min. That is, you can use an aquarium compressor or a unit from an old refrigerator. If you have a choice, then an aquarium one is preferable, since it can be used to regulate the intensity of the smoke output.

The smoke coming out of this smoke generator is slightly warm. The source of fire is very small, the fire spreads slowly, and the resulting smoke slowly rises through the sawdust. It cools down and the sawdust dries out. In general, everything works perfectly.

Materials

For the smoke generator body you can use:

  • round pipe with a diameter of 80-90 mm;
  • profiled pipe with a side of 80 mm or more.

The larger the cross-section, the more sawdust can be placed inside, the longer the smoke generator for cold smoking will work on one stack.

The length of the pipe is 60 cm or more. Optimally - about 1 meter. Again, the larger the pipe, the large quantity fuel can be added. On the other hand, a smoke generator that is too large is inconvenient to refill and clean, as it turns out to be heavy and bulky.

Cold smoked smoke generator - one of the options

You will also need a 3/4 inch pipe - a piece of 30 centimeters or more. 1/4 inch or so tubing. Its length is selected ready-made, but 20 cm should be enough.

You also need a mesh. It could be any metal grid with a cell of 2-3 mm or a plate with frequent holes. For the legs, find small pieces of rod/rebar/metal strip. Some designs can do without them, but with them the design is more stable.

You also need a compressor with a capacity of 1.5-2 liters/min, preferably with the ability to adjust the performance. Aquarium compressors meet these requirements. And you need a fitting so that you can connect the pipes from the compressor through it.

Assembly

We will describe a smoke generator for cold smoking based on profile pipe section 100*100 mm. WITH round pipe the process is almost no different, but welding tubes is more difficult; if you have little experience in welding, it is better to use a profiled (square) pipe.

  • At a distance of 2 cm from bottom edge Using a grinder, we make cuts on two opposite sides.
  • We cut out a square from the mesh, slightly larger than the cross-section of the pipe. We insert it, securing it in opposite cuts.

  • On the other side we weld a piece of 3/4 inch pipe.

  • Strictly opposite, you need to weld a fitting to connect the compressor. It must be positioned so that its center coincides with the center of the already welded three-quarter pipe.
  • Now take a thin tube. It must be inserted into the fitting, it must pass through the body and enter the opposite tube by 1 cm. No more, but no less. Air from the compressor enters through this tube. By creating draft, it stimulates combustion. By adjusting the power of the compressor, the intensity of the smoke output is regulated.

  • Making a lid. We cut out a square from a piece of metal, slightly larger in size than the cross-section of the body pipe. We make a hole in the center and install a handle. Preferably wooden. Although the smoke is not hot, the body is heated by the “fire” that burns in the lower part. This cover is not very convenient, as it falls off. Having outlined the outline of the pipe, we step back a couple of millimeters from the resulting line and weld a strip of metal 1 cm wide or so. This lid doesn't come off anymore.

  • From below, where the mesh is fixed, we weld four pieces of rod/reinforcement. These are the legs.

That's all. Homemade smoke generator for cold smoking. Ready. It can be experienced. For ease of use, you can also weld the legs. And remember that coals and ashes will spill out through the mesh, so you should install the smoke generator for cold smoking on a non-flammable area.

How does it work

Dry shavings are placed in the pipe. You can use sawdust, but then a spring is put on a thin tube located in the upper part, which reaches the length of the mesh itself. The condition and quality of the spring are not important. Its diameter is important - about 2 cm. Why is it needed? To activate combustion and normal smoke output.

When the body is filled with sawdust, they lie tightly, making it very difficult for the smoke to escape, the air intake is very weak, everything burns barely. The spring is needed to activate combustion. Smoke comes out through it, creating draft (from the mesh - through the spring - to the outlet pipe.

Set fire to the bookmark from below - through the mesh

After filling the body with sawdust, they are set on fire from below. This can be done using gas burner, tilting the smoke generator for smoking on its side. When the chips start to burn, put on the lid and turn on the compressor. If the shavings/sawdust are dry, smoke begins to actively enter the stasis. That's all. You have made a smoke generator for cold smoking with your own hands.

Modernization

The design described above is fully functional. But it has many disadvantages and is not very convenient. Based on the results of its use, modifications and improvements were made.

Adjustable traction

One of the main disadvantages of the described design is poor regulation of combustion intensity. It can be slightly changed by adjusting the compressor performance. An adjustable blower can be added to the design. It can be made according to the gate principle:


That's it, the adjustable damper is ready. Turn it, adjust the intensity of air flow, adjusting the intensity of combustion.

Ash pan

Another drawback is that ash spills through the mesh. You can install a smoke generator on metal plate, but you can make an ash pit. By the way, the gate can be made in an ash pan. This will be more correct, since the air leak can be almost blocked, which cannot be achieved with a damper in the housing - the air enters through the mesh.

Ash pan - small capacity slightly larger than the body

The ash pan is made from a piece of pipe with a slightly larger cross-section than the pipe on the body. If you don't have one, you'll have to cook it. The bottom is welded to a piece of pipe, and a thin strip of metal is welded to the body around the perimeter. The body is inserted into the ash pan (the legs are also welded to it).

Condensate collection

When a smoke generator for cold smoking operates, condensation occurs. This makes life difficult, especially if the temperature outside is low. You can solve the problem by making a condensate collector. For this:


With this device, a significant part of the condensate ends up in the container. The problem is not so acute.

The simplest smoke generator from an electric stove

If you need smoked meats “right now,” you can use a very simple method: you need an electric stove, a barrel without a bottom or a piece of large-diameter pipe, a wire mesh with a cell of at least 10*10 cm, a sheet of plywood or iron. Also - sawdust and “object of smoking”.

Such a cold smoked smokehouse is usually placed outside, on backyard. We need to clear the patch of vegetation and install an electric stove. On her - metal container(which you don’t mind throwing away). Sawdust is poured into the container.

In the upper part of the barrel/pipe, moving 10-5 cm from the top edge, drill four holes. They are located diametrically or opposite each other. We thread pins through them. You can use metal rods, or you can use sticks. The choice depends on the weight of the products being stacked or what is available. The rods themselves can be arranged crosswise or as two parallels, located approximately 1/3 of the diameter of the smokehouse body. We lay a mesh on top of this support, with products attached below. Cover the smokehouse with plywood or a sheet of metal.

Turn on the tile. After some time, the sawdust begins to smoke. The “working” time on one tab depends on the amount of sawdust poured, but on average it is 3-5 hours. Then you have to put the body aside, add sawdust, and put everything in place. It’s hard, inconvenient and fraught with “accidents”. But the design is very simple, this is a “camping” option that does not involve any amenities.

Another disadvantage is that you can adjust the smoke intensity using a mono tile regulator, but doing this in this form is inconvenient - again, you have to move the body. You can get rid of these shortcomings by making a door at the bottom. With its help, it will be possible to regulate the air flow and change sawdust.

Smoke generator stove for cold smoking

If higher productivity is required, cook a simple stove. It can be made from the same large-diameter pipe or a rectangular body can be welded from metal. Weld the door and make a chimney fixed at an angle. That's all the difficulties. It is also necessary to divide the internal space horizontally fixed metal sheet into two parts. The lower part is larger, the upper part is smaller. A fire is lit below and sawdust is poured onto the sheet. The rest of the process is known.

A pipe is laid from the stove chimney to the smoking cabinet. It should have an upward slope, albeit a small one. In this case, the entrance to the cabinet should be located in the lower part so that the smoke envelops all the products. Therefore, the cabinet is installed on a platform, legs, or pedestal. To save space, you can install a smoke generator stove under a cabinet by welding a structure from a metal corner.

Smoke generator - free-standing stove

But with this design, the smoke can be too hot. To cool it you need additional measures. An alternative is to find a larger diameter pipe and put it on the main chimney. Install the cooler so that the air flow is directed into the gap between the pipes.

Another option is to make something like a water jacket, during smoking you also get hot water. But where to put it is the question. Although, warm water is always useful in the household.

A smoke generator for cold smoking of this type requires more costs - metal or a thick-walled pipe, plus a chimney. Moreover, it is better not to make a chimney from galvanized steel - zinc is not a metal that is good for health. Asbestos should not be used either. Firstly, it does not remove heat well, and secondly, it is even more harmful than zinc. Therefore, the choice in this regard is small - order pipes made of black steel or buy stainless steel. Here everyone decides for himself.

Video on the topic

Cooking meat and fish with cold smoke is becoming increasingly popular among smoked meat lovers. The cold smoking process can be organized relatively simply with my own hands even on the balcony of the apartment. The procedure for fumigating food with cold smoke does not require special technical knowledge or kitchen wisdom; you only need to make a smoke generator for smoking yourself. The rest of the equipment for cold smoking is a regular wooden box or cabinet, in which products hung on a hook or laid on a grid are simply smoked with cold or warm smoke.

How does the cold smoking process work?

Most people perceive cold smoking as an improved version of the classic processing of products with heat and steam. In fact, cold fumigation is chemically processing, therefore this scheme is closer to deep drying of meat and fish protein.

basis similar processing is special device, a smoke generator for cold smoking that produces a vapor-gas mixture with special characteristics:

  • The flow of smoke and gas is saturated with vapors of chemically active substances, aldehydes, acids, alcohols, carbon monoxide and moisture. Also present are the decomposition products of lignin and cellulose in the form of tar water and resins;
  • The temperature of the steam-gas flow is relatively low, no more than 40 o C, therefore there is no thermal “cooking”, like hot smoking, in the smokehouse.

There is only one way to obtain a stable gas flow with similar characteristics - to make a smoke generator for cold smoking with your own hands. Smoke entering the smoking chamber saturates the surface layers of meat or lard with chemically active substances, and that’s it, the product can be removed and sent to “rest”, under a canopy or in a cool place where there are no flies, dust, drafts and sunlight. For about another day, the process of absorption of the settled products of sawdust decomposition into the tissue of meat products continues.

For your information! Only after a day can you begin tasting and assessing how successfully the cold smoking process went. Before the end of ripening, the product may disappoint true connoisseurs of smoked sausages and fish.

To get an excellent bouquet of smell and appearance smoked products, you need to not just select successful design smokehouse, it is better to make a smoke generator with your own hands. As practice shows, for a real cook, the process of improving a smokehouse with your own hands, in an amicable way, is never completed; amendments, modifications and improvements are constantly made to the design, so it is important to know the structure of the smoke generator and be able to adjust its basic parameters.

The effect of cold smoking can be achieved with the help of chemical additives, but the taste of meat treated with chemicals is fundamentally different from the product that has passed through a stream of smoke, so it is easier to make a smoke generator for a cold smokehouse with your own hands than to risk your health and the health of your family.

Typical design and principle of operation of a smoke generator

There are two main smoke generator designs - pyrolysis and designs with external heat supply. A smoke generator with an external heat supply will require a heater of at least 1000 W, a thick-walled cast iron or steel body and a special smoke cooling system from a copper pipe. As a result, the design turns out to be heavier and bulkier, but the quality of cold smoking using such a smoke generator is many times better than in a pyrolysis scheme.

For efficient work For such a smoke generator, it will be necessary to install a cooling system, circulation and a heating control circuit, for example, a rheostat or a thyristor load regulator, which complicates the work, but allows you to obtain very stable parameters of the smoke flow. Essentially, this is high-tech in the field of cold smoking.

Optimal installation device for cold smoking

This is how a real cold smoking system works.

The products are kept in a cold smoking chamber. The smoke flow is cooled in a special heat exchanger to 30-35 o C, the most important thing is that it is freed from water vapor and the heaviest components of the vapor-gas mixture, and a dried mixture saturated with volatile substances enters the chamber. Moreover, the mixture regularly circulates through a closed cold smoking circuit, releasing excess water and being saturated with new substances. What does this give?

Firstly, thanks to the presence of a cooler, the most smelly and harmful part of the smoke is removed - tar water and phenols.

Secondly, the flow of gases moves around the fish or meat with sufficient high speed, which means it is possible to avoid two possible problems- cold hardening and characteristic bitterness of smoking. Cold hardening occurs in cases where the product, due to a temperature difference outside or insufficiently well-cleaned smoke from moisture, becomes covered in the process of cold smoking. thin layer water, protecting the surface of the meat from deep penetration valuable smoke components. The result is that outer part will become oversaturated with cold smoked products, and the inside of the product remains raw.

Home version of a smoke generator for a cold smoking chamber

You can make both at home, but most lazy lovers of cold smoked products prefer pyrolysis type smoke generator for quite objective reasons:

  • Simplicity of design; even tin cans and plumbing fittings can be used to assemble the most primitive generators;
  • The pyrolysis smoke generation system does not require powerful heaters to operate; 5-10 W is enough to power an electric fan or compressor;
  • In the flow flue gases significantly more active substances, lower temperature and more stable smoke flow.

Regardless of what diagrams and drawings of a smoke generator for cold smoking you use with your own hands, the smoke parameters will be approximately the same. The difference will concern the degree of smoke purification and the ease of maintenance of the device after its intended use.

The operation of the installation can be explained in the smoke generator diagram below.

Structurally, the gas generator consists of three main parts:

  • Containers made of heat-resistant material, most often the body is made of stainless steel or clad with aluminum cast iron pipe chimney;
  • Selection unit for hot gases formed due to the decomposition of sawdust at high temperatures;
  • A compressor for supplying air to the smoke generator and pressurizing the sawdust decomposition products inside the cabinet for cold smoking of products.

Small beech or cherry chips are poured into the bottom of the smoke generator housing. Apricot, cherry, and apple are ideal for cold smoking. Worse are alder and beech; it is strictly forbidden to use coniferous wood, birch, aspen, poplar and a tree grown on the shore of a reservoir with stagnant water.

This is the most suitable raw material for producing high-quality cold smoke. There is a hole at the bottom of the case for air suction. After ignition, the compressor turns on, which pumps air into two tubes. In this case, one tube is inserted coaxially inside another tube. This device is called an injection pump. When driving air flow smoke is sucked in and a vacuum occurs inside the smoke generator. Some of the air penetrates through the blower into the smoke generator housing and feeds the process of thermal decomposition of sawdust.

Theoretically, the process is completely autonomous and does not require human participation in the cold smoking procedure. In fact, in some cases, the sawdust is “cemented” by the smoke and resinous vapors released, and it is often necessary to tap on the body in order to collapse the burnt-out arch of fuel in the smoke generator and continue the cold smoking process.

The most popular cold smoke generator designs

With rare exceptions, in most cases, your own homemade smoke generator makes it possible to smoke products at an acceptable level of quality. Therefore, there are absolutely no problems in how to make a smoke generator. You can take any smoke generator design for cold smoking you like, proven in practice, and build it in accordance with the developer’s recommendations.

As an example of classic smoke generators, we can cite two options - with upper smoke extraction and with gas intake directly from the combustion zone in the lower part of the housing.

Advice! For the body of the cold smoke generator, use only heat-resistant materials; a stainless steel chimney flame pipe with a diameter of 125 mm or 150 mm is best suited.

You can find out how suitable a cold smoke generator is from such a material from the video:

Upper version of the smoke generator

The cold smoke generator with upper selection of decomposition products is a cylindrical stainless steel body, Bottom part which is closed with a lid on thumbscrews, in the upper cold part there is an injection unit connected to an air compressor. The main thing is not so much to adhere to the dimensions exactly and design features smoke generator, how much to make it controllable or customizable to specific cold smoking conditions. In this case, it is extremely important to accurately reproduce the injector at the top of the device. The chimney tube can be made of copper or aluminum, or any metal with high thermal conductivity.

To install the injector, a coupling with internal thread is welded to the body. A sleeve with external thread, which allows rotation to adjust the operation of the injection unit.

A mesh for ash is installed in the lower part of the smoke generator body, a hole is drilled for ignition and air intake into the combustion zone. To make the generator more efficient, an intermediate unit must be added to the design between the chimney and the cold smoking chamber, shown in the diagram.

This solution will allow you to control not only the consumption of smoke, but also its temperature; accordingly, the quality of cold-smoked meat or fish will be much higher, and the amount of phenols entering the chamber with smoke will be reduced by half or three.

Diagram of a smoke generator with bottom flue gas extraction

Additional smoke purification can be achieved using a copper pipe built into the generator housing, called a vapor-gas mixture elevator. In this case, the design of the smoke generator looks like this.

The body is made by welding from sheet metal, in the lower part of the structure the bottom is welded hermetically, leaving only a threaded hole for igniting sawdust, which is closed with a bolt after starting the smoke generator. Sawdust is filled to a level of ¾ of the height of the generator housing. Air is supplied from the compressor vertically copper tube, and combustion products are discharged through the side fitting in the upper part of the housing. The smoke generator can also operate in the reverse order; if air is supplied through the chimney, the combustion products and smoke will rise up the copper elevator, cool and be freed from phenolic water. In addition, the sawdust in the smoke generator will be dried and loosened by smoke.

Compressor for smoke generator

In addition to the injector and cooler, the third adjustable component of the smoke generator is the compressor. Most often, converted low-power computer coolers or even aquarium compressors are used for these purposes. The most successful solution is a do-it-yourself compressor for a smoke generator based on a 12-volt beach device for inflating mattresses and inflatable sofas, as in the video:

Advice! You just need to add a speed controller to the standard device, and you get an ideal compressor for a smoke generator. All other options are either too low-power or cumbersome.

Conclusion

The smoke generator body must not be made from any painted or tin-plated containers, e.g. tin cans or other container. Tin, lead, solder, paint - everything that comes into contact with the flow of smoke and heated vapors of acids and alcohols sooner or later turns into a volatile form and ends up inside the cold smoking chamber. In addition, if the design of the smokehouse plans to use an electrostatic field, it will be necessary to very carefully clean the smoke from tar and water.

For more effective cleaning The N10-IDG-1 smoke generator uses a water-inertial method. Its essence is as follows (Fig. 49). The flow of smoke generated in the smoke generation chamber is directed through the central pipe and, by inertia, hits the surface of the water, displacing part of it from under the end of the pipe. Next, the smoke enters the knee and hits the surface of the water again. In areas where smoke comes into contact with water, it swirls and a water-smoke mixture is formed. Thanks to inertia and effective contact with water, heavy smoke particles (soot, ash, tar) are captured by it. Running water carries away particles of soot and ash, and the resin settles to the bottom of the device and is periodically removed through a hatch into a special container.

Reduce PAH content in smoke and accordingly in processed products it is possible using other solutions. For example, the smoke generator N20-IHA.03 provides water curtain. There are also known methods for removing PAHs from smoke by lowering the temperature, passing it through metal shavings, sawdust and a layer of water or by obtaining smoke condensate, which is transferred to a state close to the original smoke before being sent to the smoking chamber. When converting condensates into a vapor state, heating temperature plays a significant role in reducing the PAH content. Thus, at a temperature in the range of 294-316 °C, the content of benzo(a)pyrene in the newly formed smoking medium decreases by 14-17 times compared to the original smoke, and at a temperature of 371-427 °C - by more than 100 times.
All the methods considered have a common drawback - they do not solve the main problem of completely eliminating the possibility of contamination of smoked products with PAHs. It should be noted that research is currently being conducted to prevent the formation of PAHs in smoke by pre-treatment sawdust chemical reagents, reducing the temperature of thermal decomposition of wood.

Smoking products has been practiced by humanity since ancient times. This is due to the fact that this way you can preserve perishable products that acquire wonderful taste qualities. Over the past few centuries, people have made great strides forward in terms of the technologies used, but they also continue to smoke meat and fish. Most main role During smoking, the smoke from the wood of fruit trees plays. It is this that gives the finished product a unique aroma. There is no need to worry about purchasing a smokehouse, since it is quite easy to build a smoke generator for smoking with your own hands. There are many designs that can be repeated even by people inexperienced in such matters.

Types and technologies of smoking

There are two types, different in size and hot. They differ in the temperature at which the product is prepared. If at can reach 95 0 C, then when cold it should not be higher than 35 0 C.

Hot smoking

The method is that the products are placed in a container, where they are treated with hot smoke, baked and smoked at the same time. The process is quite fast, usually takes several hours, and the end result is an unusually tender, aromatic and tasty product. However, such products cannot be stored for a long time, just a couple of days in the refrigerator.

Making a smoking device

How to make a smoke generator this way? Yes, very simple. In this case, the smoke generator and smoking chamber can be combined. Because no cooling of the smoke is required. A metal bucket with a lid, a large saucepan or a barrel will do. Sawdust or wood chips are poured onto the bottom, and the smokehouse is placed on a fire or electric stove.

Smoke emission and heating of the raw materials occur simultaneously. If the smokehouse is well sealed, or when a water lock is used, the smoking process does not require special control. All you have to do is pick temperature regime, in which the food will not burn.

Cold smoking

This method involves both more thorough preparation of the raw material and longer treatment with smoke. This is due to the use of cooled smoke, the temperature of which should not exceed 35 0 C. Before placing the products in the smokehouse, they must be well salted and then dried. The use of wet raw materials for cold smoking is unacceptable, because the smoke will dissolve in moisture, and the cooking process will take much longer.

Nuances when smoking

The cold smoking process is much more multifaceted. There are a lot of nuances, reservations, and a lot depends on the skill of the “chef.” Any of the technological operations can be reproduced in different ways, and each time the result will be different from the previous one.

Even a smoke generator made with your own hands for smoking can significantly affect the taste of products. Various designs smoke is produced with different intensities, and accordingly, smoking will take place differently. As at the dawn of mankind, the most important thing in smoking is the smoke. It is to him that the products owe their golden brown crust and unique taste. Let's look at this component in a little more detail.

How to get smoke

The smoke itself, as mentioned above, is obtained from chips or sawdust of certain types of wood. Typically this is fruit trees: cherry, apple, pear. But you can use both alder and willow for this. The smoke generator for cold smoking can handle any material. The taste, smell, and color of the resulting smoked meats depend on the type of smoke chosen. Here everyone decides for themselves which wood to choose, and, as a rule, settles on one thing.

Smoke generator designs

Homemade smoke generators for smoking vary in design, but they are all very simple to replicate. They are divided into two large groups depending on what heating source is used: electricity or open fire. The simplest smoke generator for smoking, made by yourself, is a small metal box with an outlet, which is put on to remove the smoke. Sawdust is placed in it and it is placed on an open fire. When exposed high temperature the wood chips begin to slowly smolder without access to oxygen. Despite their simplicity, these types of devices are quite difficult to use. Since the smoking process can take several days, and sometimes even several weeks, it is quite difficult to control the release of smoke, including its continuous supply.

Such designs do not allow you to quickly add sawdust and control the temperature of the smoke in the smokehouse. The smoke generator for cold smoking, having electrical element. In this case, you can control both the temperature of the incoming smoke and the process of igniting the sawdust - for this purpose the the electronic unit management. Structurally, it is the same small box with an outlet for a pipe, but inside it has a spiral or heating element from an electric stove. After a certain time (usually a couple of hours), the heating element heats up and the sawdust begins to smolder, releasing smoke. There are smoke generators made according to the muffle principle. In this case, a nichrome spiral is wound onto it. Each new turn is insulated with fiberglass, and this entire structure is covered with tin on top. This solution makes it easy to very quickly heat sawdust to a temperature at which they begin to smolder.

The muffle also maintains the temperature for some time, allowing smoke to be released after the heat is turned off. In this case, a temperature sensor can be built into the smokehouse itself, which will turn off the heating element when it reaches maximum temperature 35 degrees. This design does not require the constant presence of a person to control the process; it is enough to simply sometimes add sawdust to a homemade smoke generator for smoking. These are the most advanced devices for producing smoke. If planned constant use smokehouses, then such smoke generators are the best choice.

How to cool smoke

After the smoke is obtained, it must be cooled to the required temperature. It can be done different ways, the most popular of which is laying the chimney in a tank with cold water. Typically, in this case, a smoke generator for smoking, made with your own hands for an open fire, is used. The chimney can also be buried in the ground, which can also cool the smoke very well. There are designs where the chimney is represented by a trench in the ground, covered on top to prevent smoke from escaping.

Passing along this path, it cools down, and smoking takes place in a normal cold mode. This method of cooling smoke is used in hiking conditions, where finding a corrugated pipe and a large container for water is very difficult. Smoke generator for smoking (assembled with your own hands) with electric heating element, as a rule, does not require smoke cooling. The temperature sensor is capable of turning off heating when a critical temperature is reached, maintaining the smoking process and not overheating the raw materials.

5. Filtration of smoke through water

One of the common methods of air purification, which allows the removal and use of retained substances, is filtering through a liquid medium. The method is quite effective both for capturing significantly concentrated gases and for condensing vapors and absorbing solid particles. The mechanism of air purification when passing through water is not fully understood. It is a combination of several processes, one of which is diffusion at the boundary of contact of media, the other is air circulation due to washing with water. In addition, air pollution, based on its “behavior” in the atmosphere and when mixed with liquid, can be divided into 4 main groups. These are "gases", vapors of water-soluble substances, vapors of insoluble substances and solid particles.

Here, “gases” mean compounds that are not capable of condensing into liquid state(liquefy) at temperatures close to room temperature (-5ºС and further). These include hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other gases. Vapor will mean a suspension of microscopic droplets or individual molecules of substances in the air that can condense at temperatures close to room temperature. These are vapors of water, alcohols, fats, carboxylic acids, etc. Solid particles - dust, soot, and so on. Let's consider mixing each of these groups with water.

The bubble, passing through layers of water, is intensively washed by the liquid. As a result, layers of air adjacent to the air-water interface are constantly moving. The layers of these media located directly at the interface are intensively mixed. Light gas molecules are much more mobile than polyatomic organic molecules of impurities, and even more so than solid particles, which are massive in comparison with them. Therefore, with intense movement, molecules consisting of a small number of atoms have a high chance of changing direction when meeting the interface and heading back into the bubble. More massive molecules and particles, approaching the interface, cannot quickly change direction, and as a result, they go into a denser and more viscous medium - water. Vapors behave like solid particles. While in a bubble, some of the microscopic droplets merge with each other due to the movement of layers of air. When colliding with the surface of water, droplets of soluble substances merge with it and dissolve in the liquid. For microdroplets of water-insoluble substances, collision with the interface leads to condensation. The condensed droplets rise with the bubble and combine near the surface of the water, forming oily spots and waxy “icebergs.” The effectiveness of this cleaning depends on the ratio of the volume of the bubble to its surface area, as well as the rise time.

Rising closer to the surface, the bubble increases in volume, since with decreasing depth, the pressure of the surrounding water drops. In other words, the ratio of the volume of the bubble to its area increases. However, the internal energy of a compressed gas, other things being equal, increases with increasing pressure. Consequently, the energy of motion of gas particles is higher. Thus, the probability of particles transferring from gas to water for a bubble under higher pressure will be higher. Therefore, it is desirable that more bubbles form, but their initial volumes are extremely small, and the depth of rise is also greater. This can be achieved by blocking the end of the tube and making many small holes in its lower part, located relatively far from each other. Last condition It is necessary that, when approaching the surface, the bubbles do not merge.

A similar cleaning method has long been used by Asian hookah smokers. Tobacco smoke through the tube it enters a vessel filled with water, passes through the water, and is partially purified. Another tube comes from the neck of the vessel, with the help of which the smoker inhales.

Passing smoke through water reduces the amount of tar, tar and other potentially carcinogenic substances. Studies have shown that filtering smoke through water in a hookah reduces the content of: nicotine, phenols by 90%, fine particulate matter by 50%, benzopyrene, polycyclicene aromatic hydrocarbons. There is a reduction in the carcinogenic potential of smoke that has crossed the water compared to smoke that has not undergone such filtration. Hookah smoke, devoid of substances such as acrolein and aldehydes, unlike cigarette smoke, does not irritate the mucous membranes of the throat or nose of smokers and persons located near the hookah.

However, it has been found that the level of cotonine in the blood is increased compared to cigarette smokers. On this basis, the researchers concluded that smoke, passing through water, loses the concentration of only some of its components, while others remain approximately the same composition.

As it becomes saturated with impurities, the ability of water to dissolve new portions gradually decreases. When filtering smoke, substances that are solvents for some substances are concentrated in water. organic compounds. For example, alcohols and acids dissolve fats, some hydrocarbons are dissolved by aldehydes and ketones. However, the mutual combination of all these compounds can reduce the solubility of compounds of other classes. Therefore, regardless of the emerging composition, the key to high efficiency Water filtration is the periodic replacement of water.




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