Make your own snow melting plant. Do-it-yourself mobile snow melting furnace. Construction of domestic snow-melting machines

IN winter time City streets are often covered with mountains of snow. To free roadway and sidewalks, use snow removal machines. A special service is clearing the rubble. What happens to the removed snow? Where is it taken and how is it processed? The answer to this can be found in the article.

The need for snow melting devices

Snow melting plants are necessary to melt large masses of snow in a short time. Melt water is then discharged into the sewer or drainage system directly from the installation location. The main advantage of the unit is that when cleaning streets, you don’t have to transport snow to specially prepared sites. This significantly reduces the cost of cleaning streets and saves a lot of time.

The modern market offers a wide range of snow melting plants, which may differ in functionality, size and operating principle. The units can be located in the most different parts cities: in shopping centers, on playgrounds, in parks, courtyards and other places. The savings when using such a device are about 60% compared to traditional snow disposal.

Principle of operation

Despite the wide variety of snow-melting installations, their operating principle is the same. It is based on the use of heat energy, which leads to rapid melting of snow. The design consists of several compartments: a bunker, a heat generator, and a filtration system. The main part of the installation is located underground.

On the surface there is a mesh grid for filtering the poured snow. This helps prevent unwanted objects from entering the device. The bunker is located deeper underground. The main functions are carried out there - melting snow and draining the resulting water into the sewer system. The bunker itself is divided into two compartments, one receives snow masses, and the other houses heat generators, the role of which is played by burners that can operate on both diesel and gas fuel.

Another filter is located under the hopper as additional protection from the penetration of debris into the sewer network. After the snow has melted, the second mechanism drives away melt water through the second filter. After which the water enters local water treatment facilities and undergoes another stage of purification, getting rid of sand particles and small impurities. This helps prevent clogged drains and sewer systems.

Types of snow melting plants: mobile and stationary

Installations are divided:

• Depending on the method of moving the installation and loading snow - stationary and mobile.
• By type of heat source - external and internal (own).
• According to the intensity of snow melting - active and passive.

The vast majority of snow melter models work on the principle of melting snow with heated water. The only difference between such devices is how the water in the bunker is heated. This can be a device that runs on electricity, gas, diesel, or solid fuel.

The snow melter can be equipped with its own heat generator (burner), or it can use an external one. The last type of device includes models that melt snow using steam from a boiler room, warm wastewater from a sewer, or waste water from a thermal power plant. Such models are quite in demand. Such devices are usually stationary. The burners of mobile snow melters operate on electricity, gas or diesel.

Maintenance and care

The reliability and efficiency of a machine directly depend on the quality of its maintenance. The vast majority of the work service personnel consists of timely cleaning of the receiver and hopper from unwanted debris and foreign objects. The reliability of any machine depends on timely inspection and prevention of malfunctions.

When choosing a model for operation, take into account the level of contamination of the area being cleaned and the nature of the road surface, because it is important to choose a device with a filter, crusher or other affordable option.

DIY snow melting plant

Factory snow melters have many advantages, including a warranty, the ability to process large volumes of snow, and a large assortment models differing in the type of fuel used, power, ability to work manually and automatic modes and much more. However, the cost of such devices is high, the dimensions are huge, and for proper operation Special personnel required. In this regard, many people prefer snow melting plants own production. Such devices are very popular among summer residents and land owners.

The most popular version of a snow melter is made according to the following principle:

• Take a container of about 100 liters. You can make one from several sheets of stainless steel.
• At the bottom of the resulting bunker, holes are made to install pipes for water drainage. Ordinary hoses are suitable as pipes.
• A generator can be used as a burner; if it is not available, warm water from the house can be used. However, the second option will require additional pipes to connect the heating system to the installation.

Such a mini snow-melting installation is not distinguished by its cunning and versatility, but it is impossible would be better suited for small areas and volumes of snow.

They came up with the idea of ​​mechanizing the snow removal process almost 150 years ago, by patenting a snow blower for clearing snow drifts from railway tracks. Special units allow you to remove snow faster and in larger volumes than by hand with a traditional shovel. Imported mini snowblowers are widely represented on the market. But Russian craftsmen easily create their own, quite workable options. After studying them, we’ll figure out how to make a snowblower with our own hands.

Operating principle of a snow blower

Homemade snow removal machines for the home have the same operating principle as the factory ones Husqvarna, forte qi jy 50, cmi 163, snow fox sf16353l. Such homemade products capture and move snow using a large horizontally mounted screw (auger).

The auger blades are driven through an axis rotating on bearings (drive shaft), which transmits torque from the engine.

When the unit moves forward, a wide bucket, like a funnel, collects snow masses and directs them through conveyor screws. The rotor blades located at an angle, rotating, crush the snow and push it further to the pump with mechanical drive, pushing snow out of the unloading hatch.

Necessary equipment

In preparation for work we will need:

• blueprints;
• tools: keys, screwdrivers, file and hammer, vice and pliers, drill, grinder, welding machine and, perhaps, lathe. In addition, you will need chains, sprockets, bushings, bearings, bolts and nuts.

Also required materials:

• Sheet steel or roofing iron.
• Steel corner 50x50 mm.
• Plywood, 10 mm thick.
• ¾ and ½ inch pipes.
• 1.5 meters of conveyor belt (if not available, replace tire sidewalls).
• Engine. A walk-behind tractor, also known as an internal combustion engine (powered by gasoline), or an electric motor. The electric motor requires a cable designed for use at sub-zero temperatures and high-quality waterproofing.
• To avoid short circuit You can protect yourself from melted snow by covering the electric motor, for example, with a 5-liter plastic bottle cut lengthwise.

Mechanical diagram

Snow blower device quite simple and based on a supporting frame. An engine, a snow bucket, and handles are mounted on it.

Home working part is a screw that, rotating, collects and moves snow to the impeller, where the snow mass is captured by the blades and fed first into the cavity of the mechanism, and then into the exhaust pipe.

Scheme homemade snow blower clearly demonstrates the structure of the unit.

The simplest snow blower is a single stage. The capture and discarding of snow from snow blowers Champion 656, lux 163, Patriot is carried out only by a rotating auger. In two-stage designs, the auger is supplemented with a metal blade plate (rotor), attached in the middle of the drive shaft.

Video: Homemade rotary snow cleaner

For more information about the rotary snow blower, watch the video:

This design is used for removing large volumes of snow and ensures its throw at a distance of up to 12 m.

Engine power determines the type of snow blower:

• Manual, mechanical. Engine with a power of 2.5-5 hp. activates the working parts, and the advancement of the unit is due to the user’s input physical strength. A mechanical snow blower is the easiest to make with your own hands.
• It's interesting that “mechanical snow blower” is also called a plastic shovel with a handle in the form of a metal bracket, equipped with reinforcing ribs on the reverse side, with an attached front side rotating screw.
• If you hold correct tilt shovels so that the auger does not hang in the air, but rather rotates, this option “ motor shovels” without a motor is very effective for cleaning uncompacted snow (up to 10 cm) in small areas, especially in hard-to-reach places.
• Self-propelled. Enough powerful engine, from 10 hp, ensures the operation of the equipment and the movement of wheels or tracks.

Mini tracked vehicles

When loaded in deep snow caterpillar drive is preferable. It’s easy to make a snow blower with your own hands on caterpillar tracks from a tracked radio-controlled children’s car. A mini tractor with caterpillar tracks is also suitable.

This design can be equipped with headlights, a webcam and controlled remotely (remote control). Mini snow removal equipment on caterpillar tracks is considered the most productive.

How to make a snow blower with your own hands

With proper preparation, it is quite possible to get a high-quality homemade snow blower with your own hands. Drawings, carefully executed, will help with this.

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Mini tractor - perfect solution for processing and maintenance of land plots. Russian-made mini tractors are reliable helpers for many years.

Worthy of attention rotary snow blower "Vyuga"(Penza regional station young technicians) based on the D-6 engine. Model by D. Slonov ( Altai region) with an engine from a Ural-2T chainsaw.

Below is a video of the snow blower "Snowstorm":

1. Drawings of the main components of a snow blower with two augers based on an all-terrain vehicle made by V. Berezhny (Valdai, Novgorod region) serve as excellent visual instructions.

2. The welded sheet steel body is reinforced with corner spars and an additional side. It is connected to the base all-terrain vehicle with two carriers welded to the auger bed.

The screw mechanism consists of 2 belts(oppositely directed Archimedes screws, welded to protruding M6 studs). A motorcycle chain is stretched between the auger and shaft sprockets.

The drive shaft is made using sprockets and bearings removed from agricultural machinery, fixed with dowels and pins.

3. The diagram of S. Khomyakov’s snow blower, drawn in detail and indicating all dimensions, is no less interesting and easy to implement.

4. First the supporting frame is welded from steel corners. Screwed onto its crossbars U-shaped profile for attaching an easily removable platform under the engine. Then control handles made from ½-inch pipe are mounted.

Wheels or runners (skis) are attached to the base frame from below. Suitable wheels can be taken from an old cart, and the runners will serve wooden blocks, reinforced with a plastic box.

5. To a prepared base we mount the engine.

6. Bucket, drive shaft, auger:

• The bucket body is made of sheet iron, complemented by plywood sides. If the bucket width is more than 50 cm, you will need a larger engine. At 50 cm, a power of 6.5 hp is quite suitable.
• The drive shaft is made from ¾ inch pipe. We attach a rotor (120×270 mm) to the through cut in the middle of the pipe. We weld 25×25 mm corners perpendicular to it. (two on both sides) and make a groove on one side of the pipe for the sprocket key.
• We reduce the diameter of the pipe so that it fits into bearings 205 with two additional cuts.
• The bearings are taken from a KART car. But you can use any closed ones (to prevent snow from getting in), for example, a cardan support from a Zhiguli.
• The transmission belt connects the shaft and the motor.
• The auger blades are cut from a conveyor belt (4 rings, each 28 cm in diameter) or sheet steel (4 disks, each cut in half and bent into a spiral).
• We use a chain or belt as a drive.

7. The main body is manufactured made of sheet iron or two-mm steel.

8. The snow ejection part attached to the auger body is made of plastic parts sewer pipes with a diameter of 160 mm., dressed one on top of the other and complemented by a gutter. The width of the rotor blade must be less than the diameter of the ejection chute.

9. For greater effect, let's paint the finished model.

1. It is better to place the gas tank on top, and it is not recommended to make its volume larger than 2.5 liters.
2. Walk-behind tractors not intended for winter use are filled with synthetic oil.
3. Solid particles (branches, stones) thrown along with snow can ricochet and injure others. Use safety glasses when working with the snow blower, and do not wear loose clothing, the edges of which could get caught in the moving parts of the unit.
4. So that due to the impact of large foreign objects the engine is not jammed, the augers and rotor are secured to the drive shaft with shear bolts and bushings. Under excessive loads, these “fuses” will break, but the engine will remain intact.

Russia, as you know, is a northern country, and winters in most of its territory are harsh and snowy. The last factor in many ways distinguishes the Russian winter from, say, a European winter.
To paraphrase famous expression“The generals are always ready for the last war,” we can say that most utilities (and others faced with the need to dispose of snow) are always ready for the last winter. But winter always comes unexpectedly for them, bringing with it blizzards and snowfalls. Which, in turn, leads to regular road problems.
According to the practice preserved from Soviet times, snow on city streets is not disposed of. It is collected and transported by dump trucks to landfills outside the city, which is ineffective and completely uneconomical. This practice results in the payment of many hours of work for people and equipment, tons of diesel fuel, and in addition, it takes a large amount of resources from utility companies, which are forced to send trucks to combat snow rather than to some more economically feasible projects. It should also be noted that in some cases, especially after heavy snowfalls, columns of dump trucks loaded with snow themselves create traffic jams, especially on exits from the city.
However, nowadays there is a more cost-effective and convenient means of solving this problem. This is a snow melting installation (also known as a snow melter) or a stationary snow melting point.
Snow melting plants are classified:

• by type of movement – ​​moving (mobile) and stationary. Transportable units, in turn, are divided into transportable (trailer and other types) and self-propelled;
• according to the method of loading snow mass - with an excavator or front-end loader, built-in snow feeder (self-propelled), with dump truck loading (snow melting plants);
• by type of heat source used - external (for example, hot water from a common DHW system) or your own ( diesel engine, coal firebox);
• according to the method of snow melting - active or passive.

In the majority modern devices The snow entering the receiving hopper is melted by heated water. The only question is how exactly to heat this water.

Heat sources for snow melters can be:
Electrical installation (water is heated by heating elements). The snow melter can be equipped with its own mini-power station, for example, at diesel fuel, or be connected to the general electrical network;
Burner operating on gas, liquid or solid fuel;
Hot water from the public water supply system;
Steam from the boiler room;
Return water coming from the thermal power plant;
Sewage drains.
When choosing a snow melter, first of all you need to consider how much snow and ice mass will pass through it. Mobile snow melters are usually diesel or electric. Diesel fuel installations consume 3-4 liters of fuel per hour to melt one cubic meter of snow, depending on the power. Electric for the same volume of snow - on average 30 kW/h. It is advisable to use both of them to melt a small amount of snow, with a load of approximately 5-6 cubic meters per hour.
If it is necessary to dispose of significantly large volumes of snow, you should pay attention to stationary snow melting points (snow melting plants). They operate, as a rule, either from a hot water supply system, or from process water, discharged by the local thermal power plant, or... from sewerage systems.
Exactly last option Snow melting machine is the most cost-effective from an economic point of view. The temperature of sewage, even in winter, is always stable, it is approximately +17 degrees Celsius. This is enough to melt snow.
Thus, wastewater represents a practically free source of thermal energy.

General diagram and principle of operation.
Structurally, the snow melter consists of a receiving compartment equipped with a crusher and separator, a melting chamber, a heater and motor (if necessary) and a collector connected to a common sewage system.
A receiving compartment for a stationary snow melter is necessary, since in Russia in cities pure snow can not be. In the receiving compartment, snow and ice pass through a crushing device that splits large pieces, and a separator that separates debris - fallen leaves, stones, tree branches and other unmeltable elements. Note that in the case of mobile snow melters, the role of a crusher and separator is usually played by manpower - workers who split the ice and sort out the garbage.
In the melting chamber, purified snow is mixed with warm water, melts, and the melting products are discharged into the common system sewerage. The heater (if available) can be placed either directly in the melting chamber or outside it. Also in the snow melter there may be a mixer device that mixes the snow mass to accelerate melting.
Typical layout of a snow melter with its own heat source:

Drawing by Sergei Zhuravsky

A) The heater is placed directly in the melting chamber.

Drawing by Sergei Zhuravsky

B) The heater is moved outside the melting chamber.

Maintenance of snow melting plants.

The quality of operation of any snow-melting machine is directly proportional to the “quality” of the snow mass loaded into it. Practice shows that 95% of all maintenance of any snow melter consists of cleaning the receiver from various debris.
Snow collected on roads contains dirt, crushed stone, fallen leaves, broken branches - everything that can end up on a city road. A snow melting machine operating for the benefit of public highways requires operator control more than a machine clearing snow from the roofs of buildings or any enclosed area. When choosing a snow melter, it is important to consider the degree of normal snow contamination at the future location of its operation in order to determine whether you need a model with a crusher and separator, or if you can get by with a less expensive one. But any snow melting machine needs periodic cleaning of the melting chamber.
On average, with correct selection installation, taking into account the approximate level of contamination of the snow and ice mass in the area of ​​​​its operation (a machine with a separation function should operate in the “dirty” area), the snow-melting chamber usually needs to be cleaned once a week. It is worth noting that one of the factors on which the cleaning speed depends is the internal configuration of the melting chamber. In addition, snow melter models equipped with a mixer are more difficult to maintain.
Also, the collector through which the snow melter discharge is connected to the sewer system is also periodically inspected and cleaned, if necessary. Some models of snow melters have exhaust filters that can also become clogged.
Stationary snow melting plants operating on wastewater, have their own unique systems cleaning and, accordingly, a maintenance schedule.

Domestic and foreign snow-melting installations.
Currently on Russian market Snow melting plants (SPU) are presented in a fairly wide range. It includes domestic brands - “OSA”, “Gorynych”, SPU produced by Totem LLC and foreign ones - products of the companies “TRECAN”, “Snow Dragon” and some others.
Let us give as an example a description of three samples of mobile control systems of domestic and foreign production. When calculating productivity, we agree to assume that one cubic meter of loaded raw, melting snow weighs approximately 400 kg. In total, 1 ton of snow has a volume of approximately 2.5 cubic meters.

Diesel SPU D-30 produced by Gorynych LLC.
This snow melter belongs to the class of mobile non-self-propelled (transportable) units. Transportation method: platform with hook loader. Machine type – diesel two-volume SPU with loading of snow mass by a forklift.

Basic technical data of D-30:

The D-30 snow melting machine is the second most powerful installation in the series of diesel snow melting machines of the Russian brand “Gorynych”. Possessing relatively compact dimensions for its class, taking into account its high performance, it is well suited for installation on the territory of a large enterprise.

Victor Krokhin, plant representative, Tver:
“We purchased a D-30 snow melter to clean the internal territory of the enterprise - roads, workshop roofs and administrative building. The main thing for us is that the roads are cleared quickly. I would like to note that it is very important to immediately choose the right location for installing the machine, so that trucks transporting snow do not interfere with other transport - for example, in our country, buses run through the territory. Overall we are quite happy with the system. Its performance is sufficient for our needs.”

Snow melting machine SPU-5 “Totem” from the company “VTK-prom”.
This domestic development also belongs to the class of diesel mobile snow melters. The installation is carried out on the basis of a towed platform-trailer, on which an aggregate compartment with a fuel tank and a control panel, a chamber for melting snow and ice mass and a water discharge sector connected to the sewerage system are mounted in one housing.

Basic technical data of SPU-5 “Totem”:

The SPU-5 “Totem”, with dimensions similar to the D-30, is more mobile and, thanks to the trailed design, is better adapted to frequent changes of location. But you have to pay for this with half the power. SPU-5 is well suited as a machine for operational snow removal in case of emergency. By the way, the manufacturer also offers a modification of the SPU-5 that runs on gas.

Lidiya Korobeinikova, employee of the housing and communal services enterprise, Voronezh:
“If the mountain does not come to Mohammed, then Mohammed will go to the mountain. We needed a snow melter that could be easily transported from place to place. He connected it to the sewer system, melted the snow, hitched the car to a tractor and towed it to another area of ​​the city. We usually don’t get a lot of snow, so the SPU-5 can handle it quite well. The main thing is that it is unpretentious in maintenance.”

Snow melting machine TRECAN 20-PD
This is a diesel towed mobile unit from the Canadian manufacturer TRECAN, which has been producing snow-melting equipment for about half a century. It is made according to a single-circuit design and is equipped with a “dry” start function, that is, it does not require necessarily filling the melting tank with water. The machine has an on-board computer; it is capable of independently filtering sand, crushed stone and other unmeltable elements. They are placed in a special compartment and removed manually after stopping the machine.

Basic technical data of TRECAN 20-PD:

As can be seen from the table, TRECAN 20-PD is the most productive and powerful of the snow melters reviewed in our review. This model is the most advanced in technically, which, of course, cannot but affect its price. Nevertheless, TRECAN snow-melting machines are actively used by many enterprises in Russia, although some users note that in Russian realities this machine is subject to the capriciousness of its domestic counterparts.

Alexander Almazov, head of the warehouse complex, Surgut:
“Do you know how much snow we get in winter? Mountains. Siberia after all. We specifically decided to buy a “Canadian”, with the expectation that conditions in Canada are similar to ours. In addition, it was important for us to have a separator, since there is a lot of technical waste in the industrial zone. The calculations were justified, the area is cleared of snow promptly, there are no complaints about the car. Although, of course, you need to watch her carefully.”

Comparative characteristics of SPU:

Result:
In our review we looked at general principles the work of snow-melting installations and examined three of them as an illustrative example. The only thing that unites the models we have chosen is that they all belong to the class of mobile diesel fuel systems. These are non-self-propelled units of a transportable type, which, however, have their own diesel engine, running, of course, on “winter” fuel. All three installations meet modern environmental requirements. It should be noted that the installation of the Canadian manufacturer, distinguished by technological excellence, was initially intended to work in more gentle conditions, on the clean streets of Canadian cities. As practice shows, despite the built-in separator, it still requires preliminary cleaning of the snow mass from large debris.

Sooner or later, winter comes to every yard, and making allowances for our harsh Russian climate, this often brings with it heavy snowfall.

In this regard, many owners are increasingly thinking about how to make a snow blower themselves, and what is needed for this.

Although there are commercially available ready-made models such units, their cost often scares people away, but the problem of removing snow cover remains. That is why many will probably be interested in considering the question of what a do-it-yourself snowblower is and what is needed to create it.

Where to begin?

First of all, you should decide which unit the owner needs - one that runs on gasoline or electricity? Here you need to take into account the amount of work being performed, because if we are talking about removing snow cover from walkways and clearing the area to the garage, then it is more rational to do electric model. But if the owner has to clean a large area, then it is best suited gasoline unit.

Having decided on the type of engine, the next step is choosing the basis for the future snow blower - whether this model will be made from scratch or whether a walk-behind tractor can be used as a basis.

In the second case, the task is significantly easier, since to transform such a unit into a snow blower, most often it is enough to simply independently design the attached front equipment in the form of a bucket and auger, which will rotate the blades mounted on the rotor and throw the snow to the side. The only thing here is that it will be necessary to transfer the rotational movement of the power take-off shaft to a homemade rotor, but for a competent owner it will not be difficult to perform such a unit.

If you design a snowblower from scratch

It is important to know that any snow blower is always subject to a very high load, and therefore its design should be approached very responsibly. First you should draw it on paper or using electronic programs a project that reflects the dimensions of the device, its design, main components and parts, mechanisms and transmission of rotational motion, wheelbase, handles and fuel supply system. Most often, homemade people prefer to make a device that can be moved independently, which makes them much more mobile compared to self-propelled ones.

The main technical catches of the unit include:

• engine;
• supporting frame;
• control handles;
• snow ejection pipe;
• fuel tank;
• snow catching bucket.

A good do-it-yourself snowblower, the drawings of which can be found online in very large quantities, will work well and properly only if done carefully. In addition, all components should be assembled very carefully, for which it is recommended to carefully calculate everything. Fortunately, today you can purchase all the necessary components on the market, after which assembling the unit remains a matter of technology.

Step by step process manufacturing gasoline snow blower with your own hands:

1. Making the frame. Well suited for these purposes metal corner or profile pipe, which is cut and welded according to technical needs. Here you also need to remember to attach steel corners, which will serve as reliable support for the gasoline engine. Then the control handles are attached, selecting the options that will be most convenient for gripping the snow blower.
2. Engine. It is best to take it from a simple fuel-powered walk-behind tractor or lawn mower, and then firmly install it on the frame. To facilitate the process, it is better to start the engine manually, since installing a generator and battery significantly increases the weight of the machine.
3. Design of a rotating auger and intake bucket. It is best to weld the snow intake system from suitable pieces of steel sheet, having previously cut it into required sizes in height and length. A conveyor belt works well as a rotating auger, and the easiest way to throw snow at the required distance is to attach steel pipe wide diameter and suitable length. It is recommended to attach a flexible plastic strip to the bottom of the bucket, which will easily slide over the bottom layer of snow cover.

Important points when creating a gasoline-type device

To extend the life of the bucket and auger mechanisms, it is recommended to add safety bolts and bushings to them. It is also very important to protect the engine from snow emissions, stones and dirt, which will avoid the risk of engine jamming and failure. The engine should be mounted in such a way that it can be easily inspected for Maintenance. The gas tank should be located on top if possible, and its volume is not recommended to be larger than 2.5 liters. So, taking into account all these useful tips, anyone who can handle plumbing tools well can make a snowblower with their own hands. Before starting work, you should make sure that the person has all necessary tool and materials, so as not to waste time later purchasing missing elements.

Where can I watch a homemade snow blower in action?

Some compatriots still doubt the rationality of purchasing or creating such a device as a snow blower. However, in fact, such a unit can significantly save time and effort for every owner. Snow blower with your own hands, a video about the work of which can the best way ensure the rationality of its creation, allowing you to cope with even the heaviest snow drifts. When creating such homemade unit It is not at all necessary to purchase all the elements, components and mechanisms, since with careful attention many of them can be made from scrap materials.

Summarizing all of the above, we can say with confidence that in fact there is nothing too complicated in the design of a snow blower. The most important thing is to carefully familiarize yourself with its main components, and then competently design everything you need. You should definitely take into account the useful advice and recommendations of those people who have actually created for themselves such an irreplaceable winter period assistant's time. So anyone who wants to save time and effort can design and construct a good and reliable snow blower.