Calculation of pipes for heating industrial premises. Review of heating systems for residential and administrative buildings: calculation examples, regulatory documents. Types of building heating systems

Whether it is an industrial building or a residential building, you need to carry out competent calculations and draw up a circuit diagram heating system. At this stage, experts recommend paying special attention to calculating the possible thermal load on the heating circuit, as well as the volume of fuel consumed and heat generated.

Thermal load: what is it?

This term refers to the amount of heat given off. A preliminary calculation of the thermal load will allow you to avoid unnecessary costs for the purchase of heating system components and their installation. Also, this calculation will help to correctly distribute the amount of heat generated economically and evenly throughout the building.

There are many nuances involved in these calculations. For example, the material from which the building is built, thermal insulation, region, etc. Experts try to take into account as many factors and characteristics as possible to obtain a more accurate result.

Calculation of heat load with errors and inaccuracies leads to inefficient operation of the heating system. It even happens that you have to redo sections of an already working structure, which inevitably leads to unplanned expenses. And housing and communal services organizations calculate the cost of services based on data on heat load.

Main Factors

An ideally calculated and designed heating system should maintain the set temperature in the room and compensate for the resulting heat losses. When calculating the heat load on the heating system in a building, you need to take into account:

Purpose of the building: residential or industrial.

Characteristics of the structural elements of the building. These are windows, walls, doors, roof and ventilation system.

Dimensions of the home. The larger it is, the more powerful the heating system should be. It is imperative to take into account the area of ​​window openings, doors, external walls and the volume of each internal room.

Availability of special purpose rooms (bath, sauna, etc.).

Degree of equipment with technical devices. That is, the availability of hot water supply, ventilation system, air conditioning and type of heating system.

For a separate room. For example, in rooms intended for storage, it is not necessary to maintain a temperature that is comfortable for humans.

Number of feed points hot water. The more there are, the more the system is loaded.

Area of ​​glazed surfaces. Rooms with French windows lose a significant amount of heat.

Additional terms and conditions. In residential buildings this may be the number of rooms, balconies and loggias and bathrooms. In industrial - the number of working days in a calendar year, shifts, technological chain of the production process, etc.

Climatic conditions of the region. When calculating heat loss, street temperatures are taken into account. If the differences are insignificant, then a small amount of energy will be spent on compensation. While at -40 o C outside the window it will require significant expenses.

Features of existing methods

The parameters included in the calculation of the thermal load are found in SNiPs and GOSTs. They also have special heat transfer coefficients. From the passports of the equipment included in the heating system, digital characteristics relating to a specific heating radiator, boiler, etc. are taken. And also traditionally:

Heat consumption, taken to the maximum per hour of operation of the heating system,

The maximum heat flow emanating from one radiator is

Total heat consumption in a certain period (most often a season); if hourly load calculation is required heating network, then the calculation must be carried out taking into account the temperature difference during the day.

The calculations made are compared with the heat transfer area of ​​the entire system. The indicator turns out to be quite accurate. Some deviations do happen. For example, for industrial buildings it will be necessary to take into account the reduction in thermal energy consumption on weekends and holidays, and in residential premises - at night.

Methods for calculating heating systems have several degrees of accuracy. To reduce the error to a minimum, it is necessary to use rather complex calculations. Less accurate schemes are used if the goal is not to optimize the costs of the heating system.

Basic calculation methods

Today, the calculation of the heat load for heating a building can be carried out using one of the following methods.

Three main

1. For calculations, aggregated indicators are taken.
2. The indicators of the structural elements of the building are taken as the basis. Here, the calculation of the internal volume of air used for heating will also be important.
3. All objects included in the heating system are calculated and summed up.

One example

There is also a fourth option. It has a fairly large error, because the indicators taken are very average, or there are not enough of them. This formula is Q from = q 0 * a * V H * (t EN - t NRO), where:

• q 0 - specific thermal characteristic of the building (most often determined by the coldest period),
• a - correction factor (depends on the region and is taken from ready-made tables),
• V H is the volume calculated along the external planes.

Example of a simple calculation

For a building with standard parameters (ceiling heights, room sizes and good thermal insulation characteristics) you can apply a simple ratio of parameters adjusted for a coefficient depending on the region.

Let's assume that a residential building is located in the Arkhangelsk region, and its area is 170 square meters. m. The heat load will be equal to 17 * 1.6 = 27.2 kW/h.

This definition of thermal loads does not take into account many important factors. For example, design features buildings, temperatures, number of walls, ratio of wall areas to window openings, etc. Therefore, such calculations are not suitable for serious heating system projects.

It depends on the material from which they are made. Most often today, bimetallic, aluminum, steel, and much less often cast iron radiators are used. Each of them has its own heat transfer (thermal power) indicator. Bimetallic radiators with a distance between the axes of 500 mm, on average they have 180 - 190 W. Aluminum radiators have almost the same performance.

The heat transfer of the described radiators is calculated per section. Steel plate radiators are non-separable. Therefore, their heat transfer is determined based on the size of the entire device. For example, thermal power a double-row radiator with a width of 1,100 mm and a height of 200 mm will be 1,010 W, and panel radiator made of steel with a width of 500 mm and a height of 220 mm will amount to 1,644 W.

The calculation of a heating radiator by area includes the following basic parameters:

Ceiling height (standard - 2.7 m),

Thermal power (per sq. m - 100 W),

One external wall.

These calculations show that for every 10 sq. m requires 1,000 W of thermal power. This result is divided by the thermal output of one section. The answer is the required number of radiator sections.

For the southern regions of our country, as well as for the northern ones, decreasing and increasing coefficients have been developed.

Average calculation and accurate

Taking into account the described factors, the average calculation is carried out according to the following scheme. If per 1 sq. m requires 100 W of heat flow, then a room of 20 sq. m should receive 2,000 watts. A radiator (popular bimetallic or aluminum) of eight sections produces about Divide 2,000 by 150, we get 13 sections. But this is a rather enlarged calculation of the thermal load.

The exact one looks a little scary. Nothing complicated really. Here's the formula:

Q t = 100 W/m 2 × S(room)m 2 × q 1 × q 2 × q 3 × q 4 × q 5 × q 6 × q 7, Where:

• q 1 - type of glazing (regular = 1.27, double = 1.0, triple = 0.85);
• q 2 - wall insulation (weak or absent = 1.27, wall laid with 2 bricks = 1.0, modern, high = 0.85);
• q 3 - the ratio of the total area of ​​window openings to the floor area (40% = 1.2, 30% = 1.1, 20% - 0.9, 10% = 0.8);
• q 4 - outside temperature(the minimum value is taken: -35 o C = 1.5, -25 o C = 1.3, -20 o C = 1.1, -15 o C = 0.9, -10 o C = 0.7);
• q 5 - number of external walls in the room (all four = 1.4, three = 1.3, corner room= 1.2, one = 1.2);
• q 6 - type of calculation room above the calculation room (cold attic = 1.0, warm attic = 0.9, heated residential room = 0.8);
• q 7 - ceiling height (4.5 m = 1.2, 4.0 m = 1.15, 3.5 m = 1.1, 3.0 m = 1.05, 2.5 m = 1.3).

Using any of the described methods, you can calculate the heat load of an apartment building.

Approximate calculation

The conditions are as follows. Minimum temperature in the cold season - -20 o C. Room 25 sq. m with triple glazing, double-glazed windows, ceiling height of 3.0 m, two-brick walls and an unheated attic. The calculation will be as follows:

Q = 100 W/m 2 × 25 m 2 × 0.85 × 1 × 0.8(12%) × 1.1 × 1.2 × 1 × 1.05.

The result, 2,356.20, is divided by 150. As a result, it turns out that 16 sections need to be installed in a room with the specified parameters.

If calculation in gigacalories is required

In the absence of a thermal energy meter on an open heating circuit, the calculation of the heat load for heating the building is calculated using the formula Q = V * (T 1 - T 2) / 1000, where:

• V - the amount of water consumed by the heating system, calculated in tons or m 3,
• T 1 - a number indicating the temperature of hot water, measured in o C and for calculations the temperature corresponding to a certain pressure in the system is taken. This indicator has its own name - enthalpy. If in practical terms we remove temperature indicators It is not possible, they resort to the average indicator. It is within 60-65 o C.
• T 2 - temperature cold water. It is quite difficult to measure it in the system, so constant indicators have been developed that depend on temperature regime on the street. For example, in one of the regions, in the cold season this indicator is taken equal to 5, in the summer - 15.
• 1,000 is the coefficient for obtaining the result immediately in gigacalories.

In the case of a closed circuit, the heat load (gcal/hour) is calculated differently:

Q from = α * q o * V * (t in - t n.r.) * (1 + K n.r.) * 0.000001, Where

The calculation of the heat load turns out to be somewhat enlarged, but this is the formula given in the technical literature.

Increasingly, in order to increase the efficiency of the heating system, they are resorting to buildings.

This work is carried out in the dark. For a more accurate result, you need to observe the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors: it should be at least 15 o. Lamps daylighting and the incandescent lamps turn off. It is advisable to remove carpets and furniture as much as possible; they knock down the device, causing some error.

The survey is carried out slowly and data is recorded carefully. The scheme is simple.

The first stage of work takes place indoors. The device is moved gradually from doors to windows, paying attention Special attention corners and other joints.

The second stage - inspection with a thermal imager external walls buildings. The joints are still carefully examined, especially the connection with the roof.

The third stage is data processing. First, the device does this, then the readings are transferred to the computer, where the corresponding programs complete the processing and produce the result.

If the survey was carried out by a licensed organization, it will issue a report with mandatory recommendations based on the results of the work. If the work was carried out in person, then you need to rely on your knowledge and, possibly, the help of the Internet.

The air temperature in production premises is set depending on the nature of the work performed in these premises. In the forging, welding and medical areas the air temperature should be 13...15°C, in other rooms 15...17°C, and in the fuel equipment and electrical equipment repair department the temperature should be 17...20°C.

The maximum heat consumption for heating is determined by the formula.

Qo= qo(t in – t n)*V, (3.2)

where qo -specific consumption heat for heating 1m3 with a temperature difference between outside and inside of 1°C, equal to 0.5 kcal/h.m3

t in - internal room temperature;

t n – outside temperature;

V-volume of the room

Let's make a calculation based on the average temperature inside the room, equal to 17o Cub. production building, at average height 4.5, is V= 4.5 * 648= 2916 m3, outside temperature – 26°C.

Qо= 0.5 (17-(-26) 2916= 62694 kcal/h

The maximum hourly heat consumption for ventilation is calculated using the formula

Qв= qв (t в – t Н)*V, (3.3)

where qv is the heat consumption for ventilation of 1 m3 at a temperature difference of 1 °C, equal to 0.25 kcal/h.m3.

Qв=0.25(17-(-26)) 2916 = 31347 kcal. h.

The amount of heat given off by heating devices per hour will be equal to the sum of heat spent on heating and ventilation production premises.

Qn= Qo+ Qв (3.4)

Qn= 62694+31347=94041 kcal/h

Surface heating devices, necessary for heat transfer, is determined by the formula

where Kn is the heat transfer coefficient of the device, equal to 72 kcal/m2h.deg.

t n - average calculated coolant temperature equal to 111 °C

Fn= 2

To heat the production building, it is proposed to use cast iron radiators; each section of such a radiator has a surface area of ​​0.25 m2. The number of sections required to heat the workshop will be equal to

n sec=

For heating we will take batteries of 10 sections, then for the workshop we need 56 batteries.

The annual consumption of equivalent fuel required for heating the workshop can be calculated using the formula,

where is the heating period equal to 190 days;

– fuel efficiency coefficient.

We find the amount of natural fuel using the formula,

where is the coefficient of conversion of standard fuel into natural fuel, equal to 1.17

G n = 24309.9 * 1.17 = 28442.6 kg

We take the amount of coal for heating equal to 28.5 tons.

We find the amount of firewood for ignition using the formula:

G dr = 0.05 Gн (3.6)

G dr = 0.05 * 28442.6 = 1422.13 kg.

We accept 1.5 tons of firewood

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Heating calculation

In order to most correctly determine the size of the required amount of fuel, calculate kilowatts of heating, and also calculate the greatest efficiency of the heating system, subject to the use of the agreed type of fuel, specialists from housing and communal services created a special methodology and program for calculating heating, according to which to obtain the necessary information using previously known factors is much simpler.

This technique allows you to correctly calculate heating - required quantity fuel of any type.

And, in addition, the results obtained are an important indicator, which is certainly taken into account when calculating tariffs for housing and communal services, as well as when drawing up an estimate of the financial needs of this organization. Let us answer the question of how to correctly calculate heating based on increased indicators.

Features of the technique

This technique, which can be used using a heating calculation calculator, is regularly used to calculate the technical and economic efficiency of implementation various types energy saving programs, as well as during the use of new equipment and the launch of energy efficient processes.

In order to calculate the heating of a room - calculate the heat load (hourly) in the heating system separate building, you can use the formula:

In this formula for calculating the heating of a building:

• a is a coefficient showing a possible correction for the difference in external air temperature when calculating the operating efficiency of the heating system, where to from to = -30°C, and at the same time the necessary parameter q 0 is determined;
• The indicator V (m 3) in the formula is the external volume of the heated building (it can be found in project documentation building);
• q 0 (kcal/m3 h°C) is a specific characteristic when heating a building, taking into account t o = -30°C;
• K.r acts as an infiltration coefficient, which takes into account additional characteristics such as wind force and heat flow. This indicator indicates the calculation of heating costs - this is the level of heat loss of the building due to infiltration, while heat transfer is carried out through the external enclosure, and the external air temperature applied to the entire project is taken into account.

If the building for which online heating calculations are carried out has an attic (attic floor), then the V indicator is calculated by multiplying the indicator of the horizontal section of the building (meaning the indicator obtained at the floor level of the 1st floor) by the height of the building.

In this case, the height is determined to the top point of the attic insulation. If the roof of the building is combined with attic floor, then the heating calculation formula uses the height of the building to the midpoint of the roof. It should be noted that if there are protruding elements and niches in the building, they are not taken into account when calculating the V indicator.

Before heating is calculated, it should be taken into account that if the building has a basement or basement that also needs heating, then 40% of the area of ​​this room should be added to the V indicator.

To determine the K i.r indicator, the following formula is used:

wherein:

• g – acceleration obtained during free fall (m/s 2);
• L – height of the house;
• w 0 – according to SNiP 23-01-99 – the conditional value of the wind speed present in a given region during the heating season;

In those regions where the calculated external air temperature t 0 £ -40 is used, when creating a heating system project, before calculating the heating of the room, a heat loss of 5% should be added. This is permissible in cases where it is planned that the house will have an unheated basement. This heat loss is caused by the fact that the floor of the premises on the 1st floor will always be cold.

For stone houses, the construction of which has already been completed, the higher heat loss during the first heating period should be taken into account and certain adjustments should be made. At the same time, heating calculations based on aggregated indicators take into account the completion date of construction:

May-June - 12%;

July-August – 20%;

September – 25%;

Heating season (October-April) – 30%.

To calculate the specific heating characteristics of a building q 0 (kcal/m 3 h) should be calculated using the following formula:

Hot water supply

Wherein:

• a – rate of hot water consumption by the subscriber (l/unit) per day. This indicator is approved by local authorities. If the standard is not approved, the indicator is taken from the table SNiP 2.04.01-85 (Appendix 3).
• N is the number of residents (students, workers) in the building, related to the day.
• t c – indicator of the temperature of water supplied to heating season. If this indicator is missing, an approximate value is taken, namely t c = 5 °C.
• T – a certain period of time per day when hot water is supplied to the subscriber.
• Q t.p – indicator of heat loss in the hot water supply system. Most often, this indicator reflects the heat loss of the external circulation and supply pipelines.

To determine the average heat load of the hot water supply system during the period when the heating is turned off, calculations should be made using the formula:

• Q hm – average value level of heat load of the hot water supply system during the heating period. Unit of measurement - Gcal/h.
• b – an indicator demonstrating the degree of reduction in the hourly load in the hot water supply system during the non-heating period, compared to the same indicator during the heating period. This indicator should be determined by the city government. If the value of the indicator is not determined, the average parameter is used:
• 0.8 for housing and communal services of cities located in middle lane Russia;
• 1.2-1.5 is an indicator applicable to southern (resort) cities.

For enterprises located in any region of Russia, a single indicator is used - 1.0.

• t hs, t h - indicator of the temperature of hot water supplied to subscribers during the heating and non-heating periods.
• t cs, t c – indicator of the temperature of tap water during the heating and non-heating periods. If this indicator is unknown, you can use averaged data - tcs = 15 °C, tc = 5 °C.

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In a rather unfavorable climate, any building needs good heating. And if heating a private house or apartment is not difficult, then for heating industrial premises you will have to put in a lot of effort.

Heating industrial premises and enterprises is a rather labor-intensive process, which is facilitated by a number of reasons. Firstly, when creating heating circuit It is imperative to comply with the criteria of cost, reliability and functionality. Secondly, industrial buildings usually have quite large dimensions and are designed to perform certain work, for which special equipment is installed in the buildings. These reasons significantly complicate the installation of the heating system and increase the cost of work. Despite all the difficulties, industrial buildings still require heating, and in such cases it performs several functions:

• ensuring comfortable working conditions, which directly affects the performance of staff;
• protection of equipment from temperature changes to prevent overcooling and subsequent breakdown;
• creating a suitable microclimate in warehouse areas so that manufactured products do not lose their properties due to improper storage conditions.

Choosing a system for heating industrial premises

The choice of heating system type is influenced by the following parameters:

• dimensions of the heated room;
• the amount of thermal energy required to maintain the temperature regime;
• ease of maintenance and availability of repairs.

Central water heating

The principle of operation of such a system is as follows: the liquid is heated in the boiler, after which it is distributed through pipes to all heating devices. Liquid heating can be single-pipe or double-pipe. In the first case, temperature control is not carried out, but in the case of two-pipe heating, the temperature regime can be adjusted using thermostats and radiators installed in parallel.

The boiler is central element water heating system. It can run on gas, liquid fuel, solid fuel, electricity or a combination of these types of energy resources. When choosing a boiler, you must first take into account the availability of one or another type of fuel.

Using a liquid fuel boiler also has its pitfalls: to store liquid fuel, you need to have a separate tank and constantly replenish the reserves in it - and this is an additional expense of time, effort and finance. Solid fuel boilers not recommended for heating at all industrial buildings, except in cases where the building area is small.

True, there are automated versions of boilers that are capable of independently taking fuel, and in this case the temperature is adjusted automatically, but maintenance of such systems cannot be called simple. For different models of solid fuel boilers are used different types raw materials: pellets, sawdust or firewood. The positive quality of such structures is low cost installation and resources.

Electric heating systems are also poorly suited for heating industrial buildings: despite their high efficiency, these systems use too much a large number of energy, which will greatly affect the economic side of the issue. Of course, for heating buildings up to 70 sq.m. electrical systems are quite suitable, but you need to understand that electricity also tends to disappear regularly.

But what you can really pay attention to is combined heating systems. Such designs may have good characteristics and high reliability. A significant advantage over other types of heating in this case is the possibility of uninterrupted heating of an industrial building. Of course, the cost of such devices is usually high, but in return you can get a reliable system that will provide the building with heat in any situation.

Combined heating systems usually have several types of burners built in, which allow the use different kinds raw materials.

It is by the type and purpose of the burners that the following designs are classified:

• gas-wood boilers: equipped with two burners, they allow you not to worry about rising fuel prices and problems with the gas supply line;
• gas-diesel boilers: demonstrate high efficiency and work very well with large areas;
• gas-diesel-wood boilers: extremely reliable and can be used in any situation, but power and efficiency leave much to be desired;
• gas-diesel-electricity: a very reliable option with good power;
• gas-diesel-wood-electricity: combines all types of energy resources, allows you to control fuel consumption in the system, has a wide range of settings and adjustments, is suitable in any situation, requires a large area.

This suggests that the pipeline can be much smaller than in the case of air heating, which indicates better efficiency.

Air heating

This type of heating system has positive qualities, which allow us to evaluate such heating systems for industrial premises at their true worth:

• absence of pipelines and radiators, instead of which air ducts are installed, which reduces installation costs;
• increased efficiency due to more competent and uniform distribution of air throughout the room;
• An air heating system can be connected to a ventilation and air conditioning system, which makes it possible to ensure constant air movement. As a result, exhaust air will be removed from the system, and clean and fresh air will be heated and enter the heating of the production workshop, which will have a very good effect on the working conditions of the working personnel.

What is hidden under these concepts? The natural impulse is to take in warm air directly from the street (this possibility exists even when the temperature outside is sub-zero). Mechanical urge takes away cold air, heats it up required temperature and in this form he is sent to the building.

Air heating is excellent for heating buildings with large footage, and heating industrial premises based on air system, turns out to be very effective.

Infrared heating

In general, such installations make it possible to create a mini-sun in work area. Infrared heaters They are good because they heat only the area to which they are directed, and do not allow the heat to dissipate throughout the entire volume of the room.

When classifying IR heaters, the method of installation is first considered:

• ceiling;
• floor;
• wall;
• portable.

• shortwave;
• medium wave;
• light (such models have a high operating temperature, so they glow during operation;
• long wave;
• dark.

• electrical;
• gas;
• diesel

There is a classification according to the type of work item:

• halogen: heating is carried out by a fragile vacuum tube, which is very easy to damage;
• carbon: heating element is carbon fiber hidden in a glass tube, which is also not very durable. Carbon heaters consume approximately 2-3 times less energy;
• Tenovye;
• ceramic: heating is carried out by ceramic tiles, which are combined into one system.

IR heaters affect any objects, but do not affect the air and do not affect the movement of air masses, which eliminates the possibility of drafts and other negative factors that can affect the health of personnel.

In terms of warming up speed, infrared emitters can be called leaders: they must be started while at the workplace, and there is almost no need to wait for heat.

Conclusion

This article discussed the main types of heating for industrial buildings. Before installing any selected system, it is necessary to calculate the heating of industrial premises. Making a choice always falls on the owner of the building, and knowledge of the tips and recommendations outlined will allow you to truly choose suitable option heating system.

Expert opinion

Fedorov Maxim Olegovich

Production facilities differ significantly from residential apartments their sizes and volumes. This is the fundamental difference between industrial ventilation systems and domestic systems. Options for heating spacious non-residential buildings exclude the use of convection methods, which are quite effective for heating housing.

The large size of production workshops, the complexity of the configuration, the presence of many devices, units or machines that release thermal energy into the space will disrupt the convection process. It is based on the natural process of rising warm layers of air; the circulation of such flows does not tolerate even small interventions. Any draft, hot air from an electric motor or machine, will direct the flow in the other direction. In industrial workshops, warehouses There are large technological openings that can stop the operation of heating systems of low power and stability.

In addition, convection methods do not provide uniform heating of the air, which is important for industrial premises. Large areas require the same air temperature at all points in the room, otherwise there will be difficulties for people to work and flow production processes. Therefore, for industrial premises specific heating methods are required, capable of providing the correct microclimate, appropriate.

Industrial heating systems

The most preferred methods of heating industrial premises include:

• infrared

• centralized

• zonal

Centralized systems

Centralized systems are created to ensure maximum uniform heating of all areas of the workshop. This can be important when there are no specific workplaces or the need for constant movement of people throughout the entire workshop area.

Zone systems

Zonal heating systems create areas with a comfortable microclimate in workplaces without completely covering the workshop area. This option makes it possible to save money by not wasting resources and thermal energy on ballast heating of unused or unvisited areas of the workshop. At the same time, the technological process must not be disrupted; the air temperature must meet the technological requirements.

Electric heating

Expert opinion

Heating and ventilation engineer RSV

Fedorov Maxim Olegovich

Important! It should immediately be noted that heating with electricity as the main method of heating practically not used due to its high cost.

Electric heat guns or air heaters are used as temporary or local heat sources. For example, for production repair work installed in an unheated room heat gun, allowing the repair team to work in comfortable conditions, allowing you to get required quality work. Electric heaters as temporary heat sources are the most popular, as they do not require coolant. They only need to be connected to the network, after which they immediately begin to generate thermal energy on their own. Wherein, The serviced areas are quite small.

Air heating

Expert opinion

Heating and ventilation engineer RSV

Fedorov Maxim Olegovich

Air heating of industrial buildings is the most attractive type of heating.

It allows you to heat large rooms, regardless of their configuration. Distribution air flow occurs in a controlled manner, the temperature and air composition are flexibly regulated. The operating principle is heating supply air with help gas burners, electric or water heaters. Hot air using a fan and an air duct system, it is transported to production premises and released at the most convenient points, ensuring maximum uniformity of heating. Systems air heating They have high maintainability, they are safe and allow you to fully ensure the microclimate in production premises.

Infrared heating

Expert opinion

Heating and ventilation engineer RSV

Fedorov Maxim Olegovich

Infrared heating - one of the newest, which appeared relatively recently, heating methods production premises. Its essence is to use infrared rays to heat all surfaces located in the path of the rays.

Typically the panels are located under the ceiling, radiating from top to bottom. This heats up the floor, various objects, and to some extent the walls.

Expert opinion

Heating and ventilation engineer RSV

Fedorov Maxim Olegovich

Important! This is the peculiarity of the method - It is not the air that is heated, but the objects located in the room.

For more efficient distribution of IR rays, the panels are equipped with reflectors that direct the flow of rays in the desired direction. The method of heating with infrared rays is effective and economical, but is dependent on the availability of electricity.

Advantages and disadvantages

Electric heating

Heating systems used to heat private homes or industrial buildings have their own strengths and weak sides. So, advantages electrical methods heating are:

• absence of intermediate materials (coolant). Electrical appliances themselves generate thermal energy

• high maintainability devices. All elements can be quickly replaced in case of failure without any specific repair work

• an electrically heated system can be very Flexibly and precisely adjustable. At the same time, no complex complexes are required; control is carried out using standard blocks

Infrared heating

Infrared systems have advantages:

• efficiency, efficiency

• oxygen is not burned, air humidity that is comfortable for humans is maintained

• installation such a system is enough simple and accessible for self-execution

• system No worries about voltage surges, which allows you to maintain the indoor microclimate even when connected to an unstable power supply network

• The technique is intended primarily for local, spot heating. Using it to create an even microclimate in large workshops it is irrational

• complexity of system calculation, the need for precise selection of suitable devices

Air heating

Air heating is considered the most in a convenient way heating industrial and residential premises. This is expressed in the following benefits:

• ability uniform heating of large workshops or premises of any size

• the system can be reconstructed, its power can be increased if necessary without complete dismantling

• air heating most safe to use and installation

• system has low inertia and can quickly change operating modes

• exists many options

• dependence on heating source

• addiction depending on availability connection to the electricity network

• upon failure system temperature the room is very falls quickly

Creating a heating system project

Expert opinion

Heating and ventilation engineer RSV

Fedorov Maxim Olegovich

Designing air heating is not an easy task. To solve it, it is necessary to clarify a number of factors, self-determination which may be difficult. RSV company specialists can make a preliminary one for you free of charge premises based on GREERS equipment.

The choice of one or another type of heating system is made by comparing climatic conditions region, building size, ceiling height, features of the proposed technological process, location of workplaces. In addition, when choosing, they are guided by the cost-effectiveness of the heating method and the possibility of using it without extra costs.

The system is calculated by determining heat losses and selecting equipment that matches them in terms of power. To eliminate the possibility of errors SNiP must be used, which sets out all the requirements for heating systems and gives the coefficients necessary for calculations.

SNiP 41-01-2008

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

ADOPTED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT from 01/01/2008 by decree of 2008. INSTEAD SNiP 41-01-2003

Heating system installation

Expert opinion

Heating and ventilation engineer RSV

Fedorov Maxim Olegovich

Important! Installation work is carried out in strict accordance with the project and SNiP requirements.

Air ducts are an important element of the system, which provide transportation of gas-air mixtures. They are installed in each building or room according to individual scheme. The size, cross-section, and shape of the air ducts play an important role during installation, since to connect the fan, adapters are needed that connect the inlet or outlet pipe of the device to the air duct system. Without high-quality adapters, it will not be possible to create a tight and efficient connection.

In accordance with the selected type of system, installations are carried out. electrical cables , is done pipe layout for coolant circulation. The equipment is installed, all necessary connections and connections are made. All work is carried out in compliance with safety requirements. The system is started in the minimum operating mode, with a gradual increase in design power.

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