home · Other · 'Smart Home' system. Complex projects of “smart” houses: technology, description, tasks Automated “Smart Home” system

'Smart Home' system. Complex projects of “smart” houses: technology, description, tasks Automated “Smart Home” system

Smart home (English) Smart House) - House modern type, organized for the convenience of people living with the help of high-tech devices. Electronic household appliances in a smart home can be combined into a home Universal Plug’n’Play network with the ability to connect to public networks. Contents

The concept of a “smart home” was formulated by the Intelligent Building Institute in Washington in the 1970s: “A building that provides productive and efficient use of work space...”

It is worth separating the concepts of “smart home” and “life support systems”. Individual systems only have the necessary control and monitoring interfaces. The concept of an “Intelligent Building Management System” presupposes a new approach to organizing the life support of a building, in which, due to a complex of software and hardware, the operating efficiency and reliability of control of all operating systems and actuators of the building significantly increases.

The main feature of an intelligent building is the integration of individual subsystems from various manufacturers into a single controlled complex.

A “smart home” should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in a building and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. The English word intelligent, literally meaning “reasonable”, “understanding”, in combination with the word building is used to mean “flexible, adaptable”.

« Smart House"in its original sense means "a building ready for change" or "an adaptable (flexible) building", the engineering systems of which are capable of adapting to possible changes in the future.

The building is designed in such a way that all its control systems can be integrated with each other at minimal cost, and their maintenance can be organized in an optimal way. The project necessarily assumes the ability to expand and modify the configurations of installed systems.

Over time, the buildings will acquire " artificial intelligence" Then we can rightfully call them intellectual. The systems will be able to monitor the operation and condition of the entire “filling” of the building, including enclosing structures, and independently make decisions in changing circumstances.

The term “smart home” usually means integration into unified system building management the following systems:

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system

Security and fire alarm system, access control system to premises, control of water leaks, gas leaks

CCTV system

Communication networks (including telephone and building LAN)

Lighting system

Building power supply system (automatic transfer switch, industrial UPS, diesel generators)

Mechanization of the building (opening/closing gates, barriers, electric heating of steps, etc.)

Control of audio, video equipment, home theater, multiroom from one place

Telemetry - remote monitoring of systems

IP monitoring of an object - remote control of systems over a network

GSM monitoring - remote reporting of incidents in a home (apartment, office, facility) and control of home systems via telephone (in some systems, you can receive voice instructions on planned control actions, as well as voice reports on the results of actions).

Today, technology allows you to build home automation component by component - selecting only those smart home functions that are really needed. The modular structure allows you to create low-cost systems with a 100% guarantee of use.

One of the oldest and most odious projects is Bill Gates' cottage. This project, like a lot of science fiction literature, has given rise to a huge number of myths about the “smart home.” [source not specified 418 days]

In 1995, developers of Java technologies predicted one of the main purposes for this technology to increase intelligence household appliances- for example, the refrigerator itself will order products from the store. This idea has not received industrial distribution, but companies such as Miele and Siemens are already producing household appliances with the possibility of inclusion in a “smart home”. True, these solutions are based on QNX, not Java.

But the function is to turn off all the lights with one button, as well as the ability to turn it on and off from different places, today is actively implemented in almost all home automation projects.

Smart home as home automation is developing not only in Russia. All technologies and systems that are used in Russia are developed and produced in Europe, the USA and China. The main difference seems to be in the purpose and approach of the installers.

In Europe, automation projects for private houses and apartments are prepared by the developer and manufacturer of the systems themselves, while the installer is assigned the role of virtually ordinary, but qualified installers, working strictly according to the scheme.

In Russia, the installer is the most important figure in creating a smart home. As a rule, he works with many manufacturers of automation systems, this allows him to select the most optimal system for solving the automation tasks assigned to him. After that, he himself is engaged in the design, installation, sale and launch of the built smart home.

Technologies

LanDrive is the most accessible platform today for building bus distributed control systems for internal and street lighting, power loads, electrical appliances, as well as systems such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, security alarms, access control and water leaks. It is also possible to control audio and video equipment, home theaters, blinds, roller shutters, curtains, gates, pumps, and motors. Mainly focused on use as part of a “smart home”, but in Lately increasingly used in systems for accounting and saving energy resources, access control, security and fire systems.

LCN is a German automation system for both home and industrial automation. Fully distributed intelligence. The transmission medium is a regular electrical wire with a core cross section of 1.5 or 2.5 mm2. Control of almost any equipment is realized. Optimal price/feature ratio.

iRidium Mobile is a software package for managing smart home systems with mobile devices iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and any devices running Windows XP/7, Windows mobile/Ce.

BPT is a distributed intelligence home automation system using a closed data transfer protocol. The bus uses standard UTP twisted pair cable. Control of lighting, home automation, air conditioning, heating, engineering and security alarms, and intercom is implemented. The main reasons for choosing this system are: low cost equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

MyHome SCS Integrates via an OpenWebNet gateway with systems from various manufacturers.

EIB (European Installation Bus).

UBI (Universal Bus Interface). This interface provides combined transmission over twisted pair (UTP, FTP) of smart home control signals, Ethernet signals (computer network, digital video surveillance, digital television and telephony, Internet). Its idea and roots go back to the concept of open systems interaction based on the international multi-level ISO OSI model. In the future, all buildings will become intelligent and will be interconnected. According to most experts [source not specified 418 days], the OSI open systems interaction model is ideal for combining into a single whole the solutions and technologies of various manufacturers of electronic equipment, be it the electronics of a washing machine, home theater, building ventilation system or car. Already, many manufacturers (for example, Legrand) of equipment for engineering networks of intelligent buildings are making considerable efforts to unify cable systems under different technologies and different purposes. The concept of “Optimal Networks” was introduced. [source not specified 418 days] In a properly designed intelligent building, structured cabling systems and building automation equipment are independent of each other. The end user does not need to worry about whether there is TV socket or telephone. Cable systems are universal and unified. That is, the purpose for the outlet can be thought up later. You can also then select the final implementation of the automation system (be it EIB, C-BUS, X-10 or anything else). Technologies exist and are becoming widespread for dynamically controlled “switching” of the assignment of connection end points (for example, sockets). In a split second telephone socket turns into television. The user only has to connect the connecting cables to other end equipment (change the telephone patch cord to a television one).

C-Bus (protocol) - protocol for home automation and building automation, sports facilities etc. [source not specified 324 days] C-Bus is a distributed intelligence system (without a central processor) using Cat.5 cable, the length of which in one segment can be 1000 m. Such segments Up to 255 can be combined into one system. The network uses 36 V alternating current. The C-Bus protocol is used in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East, Russia, the USA, South Africa, the UK and other parts of Europe including Greece, the Baltics, Romania and other countries. In the US, C-Bus is marketed under the "SquareD Clipsal" brand. The C-Bus protocol was created by Clipsal Integrated Systems for use in home automation systems and building lighting control systems.

Helvar - uses the DALI and DSI protocol for lighting control systems.

AMX is a home automation system of the company of the same name. [source not specified 324 days] Centralized. The protocols are closed. Initially, our own data transmission buses were used. The new AMX equipment lines use standard Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Zigbee protocols for transmission. Has gateways for interfacing with other systems (EIB, LON, etc.).

Crestron is a protocol for controlling automation systems and multimedia systems. [source not specified 324 days] Developed by Crestron (USA). The protocol is closed. The main competitor is AMX (USA).

X10 is a protocol for controlling electrical appliances. The signal is transmitted via electrical wires or in the radio range. Disadvantages - low information transfer speed and noise immunity, problem false alarm, lack of feedback from the receiver to the transmitter, conflicts between X10 devices are possible different manufacturers and unauthorized access to X10 devices over the electrical network.

Z-wave is a patented wireless communication protocol developed for home automation, in particular for monitoring and control of residential and commercial facilities. The technology uses low-power and miniature radio frequency modules that are embedded in consumer electronics and various devices such as lighting, heating, access control, entertainment systems and home appliances.

LUXOR [source not specified 324 days] - local lighting and climate control system. Use regular electrical cable and switches. The system is manufactured by Theben AG. The protocol is closed. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

Smart Bus[unspecified source 258 days] - a bus developed in Canada. This smart home system is ideal in terms of price-quality ratio.

ONE-NET - open protocol wireless network data transmission, developed for the purposes of building automation and distributed facility management.

R-BUS is a bus developed jointly by Russian and Chinese enterprises with an open data transfer protocol, designed for automation of large and small structures.

DOMINTELL is a centralized home, office and hotel automation system. Uses RS485 interface for data exchange between modules. There are Ethernet TCP, UDP, RS232, B&O, DMX (light control) gateways. Open system of control commands “Light Protocol”. It was developed in 1999 in Belgium.

There are two different principles for constructing such systems: centralized (for example, IHC from Lexel) and decentralized based on the installation bus (EIB, LonWork, Crastron, etc.)

Smart home functions include

Light control

Light control allows the user to create light scenarios from an unlimited number of light sources with different brightnesses, turn them on simultaneously or with a delay, simulating, for example, the effect of “running lights”.

Using special light dimmers, you can not only change the brightness at which the lamp lights up when turned on, but also the time during which this brightness will be achieved.

The constant light control function is mainly intended for office premises and makes it possible to maintain the illumination of the working surface specified by the user, regardless of whether the sun is shining or the sky is covered with clouds.

Automatic switching on of outdoor lighting depending on the time of day and the presence of people will not only provide additional comfort, but will also scare away uninvited guests.

Microclimate control

The system constantly measures the temperature individually in each room and maintains it at the level you set, directly controlling the radiator valves or air conditioning dampers, and, if necessary, automatically turning the ventilation on or off.

Every day, EIB helps you save money thanks to various system operating modes: comfort mode, night mode, “no one in the house” mode. Modes change according to a schedule or at the user’s command. You only need to set the room temperature on the touch panel display once for each mode.

The heating/air conditioning system will turn off automatically to save energy if the room's windows are opened for ventilation (a signal for this will be sent by the frame contact).

IN summer time their slats automatically rotate at a certain angle and prevent excess from entering the room sunlight, without decreasing luminous flux. Thus, they prevent the room from heating up and help save energy consumed by the air conditioner.

A smart home keeps a record of all the events that happened in it during your absence: who came and when, how long they stayed in the house, what suspicious individuals hovered around it for a long time. Their faces and actions are recorded in his memory.

Uninvited guests will face unpleasant surprises in the form of blinding lights and a sound siren. In addition, the user will be notified by phone about their entry into the House and the security will be called.

Emergency situations.

Whenever emergency situations(for example, water leaks) The house will not only inform the user and the relevant service, but will also take the necessary measures to localize the accident (stop the water supply).

Presence effect

In the absence of the user, the House can imitate the usual lifestyle of the owners, turning on lights and music in the evenings, thereby creating the effect of presence.

As a conclusion, I would like to note that the Smart Home system is a comprehensive home automation system using a huge number of functions. The system is relatively popular in all countries of the world. The system includes control functions for such systems as lighting, ventilation, security system, fire safety system, water leakage protection system, heating system, etc. The system works thanks to platforms for building bus distributed control systems for the above systems, such as LanDrive, LCN, iRidium Mobile, BPT, MyHome SCS, EIB.

Projects of "smart" houses involve residential buildings, which are equipped with high-tech devices and automation.

general description

The above expression should be understood as a system that ensures resource conservation and safety, as well as comfort for each user. At its simplest, it has the ability to recognize certain situations that occur in the home and also respond to them accordingly. Thus, one of the systems is able to control the behavior of others according to developed algorithms. This is easier to understand if you can imagine that the heating system is not functioning against the air conditioning system. Heating of the house is carried out according to the weather and taking into account many other factors. Among the latter, we can highlight wind strength and time of day. For example, at night the most comfortable temperature less than during the day. This concept can be called the most progressive in human interaction with living space. Smart home projects eliminate the need to use several remote controls, switches and separate control units at once. This applies to watching television programs, controlling lighting, as well as systems burglar alarm and video surveillance.

Technologies

Smart home projects can be created based on several or one protocol/platform. With their help, the subsystems of the house are connected into a single network. LanDrive, for example, is the most accessible platform today for bus distributed control systems, this includes street and interior lighting, electrical appliances, power loads, air conditioning, access control, and water leaks. Among other things, it is possible to control video and audio equipment, roller shutters, pumps, home theaters, blinds, curtains and motors. Most often, such a system is used as part of a smart home, but recently it can increasingly be found as part of a system for saving and accounting for energy resources, access control for fire and security systems.

TELETASK is a protocol/bus that is intended for home automation of premises and buildings where the owner stays for quite a long time. This includes hotels, cottages, offices and apartments. The X10 control protocol is designed to automate the control of electrical appliances. The signal is supplied via wires or radio. Among the disadvantages are the low speed of information transfer, the possibility of a false alarm problem, and the lack of feedback. 1-Wire is a technology that allows you to connect devices and sensors into a single network, which are controlled using a personal computer. To transmit information in this network, one wire is used. This technology is characterized by ease of installation and low cost.

Air conditioning and heating system

Smart home projects require air conditioning, heating and ventilation systems. Using this technology, it is possible to ensure a constant temperature, intensity of fresh air supply and a given level of humidity. Among other things, the technology can save energy through the economical use of internal temperature. There may be mechanisms to automatically close and open windows to allow warm and cold air to flow in at certain times of the day. Control occurs through the air conditioning network.

Lighting system

Considering the objectives of the Smart Home project, we can highlight the highest degree of comfort for human living. Other technologies include a lighting system that controls the level of light. This technology is also used to save energy. This effect can be achieved through the use of subsystems that include automation for turning off and turning on the lights at certain periods of the day, motion sensors, automation for closing the opening of shutters, as well as adjusting the transparency of special glasses.

Power supply system

The goal of the Smart Home project, in addition to the above tasks, is also uninterruptible power supply electricity systems. This is achieved by switching to alternative sources. Among the subsystems we can distinguish industrial UPSs, as well as diesel generators.

Safety system

This includes access control to the building, video surveillance, monitoring systems using remote control, fire and security alarm. The system provides protection against leaks, the occurrence of which blocks the water supply when the room is flooded. Carrying out installation work requires the presence of special sensors and taps that are capable of detecting problematic situations. The owner can use a remote information system about the situation in the house, facility or apartment. Control can be done using your phone.

Entrance to the house

A finished smart home project must necessarily involve a meeting with the owner using appropriate technologies. Therefore, lighting must be activated above the gate or front door. Control can be carried out using motion sensors and radio key fobs. Last option allows you to turn on the lighting before the car arrives.

Courtyard

When a project is drawn up using Smart Home technology, a plan of the yard area is created. Control can be carried out in three ways at once, namely: using sensors, according to a schedule or using switches. There is a need to add the ability to control the alarm. A smart home has the ability to indicate lighting groups and the time of their use. For example, until 23:00, if motion is detected, the system can turn on the main lighting at full brightness. Whereas after the specified time the intensity can be reduced by 50%. If the owner arrived after 24:00, then only the paths in the yard can light up.

entrance to the house

When drawing up a “Smart Home” project (class 7 complexity), you can take into account the presence of a controller, which can be in one or several copies. It is necessary to process information coming from the intercom screen. You can talk to a person on any phone, since each device is connected to a micro-MTS. If no one is home, the guest's image will be immediately sent by email, after which the owner can decide whether to let the visitor inside or ignore him. The alarm will be turned off by dialing a secret code over the phone.

Hallway

If you are considering a project on the topic “Smart Home”, then you cannot help but pay attention to the system in this part of the house that turns on automatically at night. The technology saves the owner from the need to use various kinds of buttons. You can find all kinds of automation devices on sale; they will allow you to analyze from which room and at what time a person entered the hallway. At the same time, the light turns on to the required brightness level. Smooth switching does not lead to frequent lamp burnouts, extending their service life. Such systems are most often installed in walk-through areas or rooms that are rarely used. The functional and creative “Smart Home” project provides for the presence of useful device, which is responsible for turning off all the lighting of the building by pressing just one button. Once it is activated, you will not have to walk around the entire area to check the light. Among other things, pressing this button can turn off some sockets to which fire-hazardous devices such as irons are most often connected.

Living room

The creative project “Smart Home” guarantees a comfortable stay in the most important room of the building. We are talking about a living room, which should have a lot of light. A home theater is often installed here. Here, up to 10 lighting groups are most often installed. It is advisable to place those responsible for a specific light scene next to the light switches. As an example, consider a pre-recorded sequence of actions called a macro. If the family decides to watch a movie, then to do this they will need to sit on the sofa and press just one button. At the same time, the curtains are closed, certain groups of light are dimmed, and the rest are completely taken out of action. The first two minutes the backlight operates at 50%, while after this time it goes out completely. When a creative project “Smart Home” (7th grade) is drawn up, the technology of which may involve the presence of all the systems described above, programming is provided using a remote control. With this tool it is possible to control all equipment.

Bedroom

This room should be one of the most comfortable. However, automation has its place here too. Sometimes the owner goes to bed to read a book, but after a while he realizes that there is a need to turn off the lights and also dim them in other rooms. Such raids before bed cannot be called pleasant, but you still have to do them. With the Smart Home system, you can forget about this, since the bedroom most often has a button that turns off all other lighting in the house. To do this, you can use a radio switch, which is mounted on the wall and has a thickness of 7 millimeters. This element can be fixed to any surface, including the headboard. Using this switch you can control the curtains and lighting of the room itself.

It is advisable to install another automation system in the bedroom, which will be responsible for the temperature. During sleep, experts recommend maintaining its level between 14 and 18 degrees. In the morning, when the indoor climate is cool, you don’t want to get out from under the blanket. The Smart Home system can solve this problem. After lights out, the thermometer gradually reaches the required level, and closer to waking up it rises to a comfortable level during daytime wakefulness. In the summer, the air conditioner will be responsible for this, while in the winter, the solenoid valve will be responsible. It adjusts the coolant flow in heating system. When a creative project “Smart Home” (7th grade) is drawn up, the technology of which may include the presence of all the systems described in the article, the bedroom is most often equipped with a special touch panel responsible for lighting. It can also be used as an alarm clock. On the panel, the rise time can be set to 8:30, for example. At 8:15 a.m., the main lighting in the bedroom can be turned on at 30% of its normal brightness level. At 8:30 the lighting reaches 100% brightness and the curtains can open automatically at the same time.

Bathroom

If you are considering a project on the topic: “Smart Home” (7th class of complexity), then you need to take care of a technological bathroom. With this system it will be convenient to manage warm floors. Quite often, consumers wonder why they need to control this system if it has its own temperature controller. This question can be answered by citing a fact that indicates the high energy consumption of heated floors. Most time the system is not used, and if you turn it off at night, the savings will be significant. "Smart" home without outside help will automatically turn the system off and on. It can be set to daily automatic adjustment. You can turn on such floors even on the phone while sitting in the office, or on the way home from the car. It is especially convenient if the floors are controlled together with the alarm clock. For example, turning off can be done at 23:00, and turning on an hour before waking up.

Conclusion

If you decide to choose a “Smart Home” project for your home, you will not be afraid of a problematic situation. If necessary, the technology of the system will allow you to turn off the water supply, gas supply, as well as electricity, which is very convenient for ensuring safety. Little by little, these systems are partly entering our lives. For example, many private homes have already installed modern lighting systems that operate using motion sensors.

Annotation: This lecture is devoted to an introduction to the topic of smart home. During the lecture, the differences between a smart home and a regular one are revealed, a number of initial concepts are introduced and theoretical knowledge is given on cable systems, used to create a smart home. The lecture contains the material necessary to provide a comprehensive security system for country house. The most important feature of a Smart Home is its economic advantage. You will not only save on electricity and heat supply, but also greatly facilitate a number of standard operations.

You can download the presentation for this section of the lecture.

The concept of Smart Home (from English intelligent house) was formulated in the 1970s in Washington at the Institute Intelligent building. If we turn to the literal translation, the word “intelligent” means “intelligent”.

The demand for Smart Homes in Russia is growing every day. It is clear that this Smart Home must be beautiful, comfortable, convenient, reliable, the Smart Home must be obedient to the will of its smart owner, and most importantly, the Smart Home must intuitively respond to the actions of the owner, predict the behavior and thoughts of the owner, control and conduct business when the owner is absent. Of course, all this is exaggerated, but there is some truth in this, and not a small one. Thus, A smart home is ideas and their implementation, in the functions of the equipment and equipment selected for this purpose.. All equipment that is included in the concept " Intelligent Building"or "Smart Home", different from conventional switches, sockets, lamps, how an old TV with a channel switching knob differs from a modern one equipped with a remote control. So, for example, in my own way appearance A smart switch is practically no different from a regular switch. But with one press of a key you can not only turn it on and off, but also change the brightness. Now you don’t need to pull several wires and install several switches in order to turn on lamps in groups in a chandelier or groups of lamps built into the ceiling or wall. A smart switch is different from dimmers (devices for smoothly adjusting light brightness) the fact that the light can be controlled without leaving the place, for example, sitting comfortably near a home theater, or with a book in bed. It is enough that there is a socket nearby into which a multi-channel switch is connected - a mini controller. This device allows you to control several groups of lamps simultaneously. In principle, the controller can equally well control other electrical appliances - a coffee maker, a heater, an iron. What is the scheme for calculating the cost of use Intelligent Building do not use - the system will pay for itself. It will pay off handsomely, because the damage from theft, fire, gas leak or attack on your home is much more than you will invest in equipping your home with the system Intelligent building.

On slide 5 you can see a visual diagram of a smart home.

Let's move on to sensors and devices. You can see the classification and photographs on slides 7 – 16.

When building a “Smart Home” system, already laid wires from sockets and lamps can be used to transmit control signals to switches with intelligent filling, although, of course, it is much more convenient and functional during the period of operation or expansion of the system to have a special one laid at the time of construction along with other utility networks cable, also called bus. The presence of a bus in the future will allow you to saturate the system with everything that seems necessary without significant costs for redesign and subsequent renovation work. Motion sensors will provide an even higher level of comfort. If you install such a sensor, the light can turn on itself when a person approaches at a distance of 6-8 meters. After a certain time, the sensor will give a signal to turn off the light (the interval can be adjusted from 1 to the N number of minutes). The convenience of such a device is obvious - you don’t have to fumble for the switch in the toilet or bathroom at night. Among other things, the sensor can be programmed to turn on the lights when it gets dark, or to turn on the emergency lighting. The sensor can be placed in front of the entrance to the house - of course, it is convenient that the porch will be illuminated, you just need to approach a certain distance. A significant plus is that the sensors can operate autonomously from batteries, so there is no need to lay additional wires.

An electromagnetic valve will increase the level of comfort and save coolants, which will not only be able to turn on the water according to your instructions by pressing a button on the remote control, or simply at a certain time. But it can also turn off the water - just plug it into the heating system, and it will turn on the flow of coolant (it may not be water, but, for example, Antifreeze, or another special liquid) only when it gets cool. By installing valves in each room, it will be possible to set temperature regime separately for each room. Although this is not very relevant in the city, for houses with diesel heating the savings can be significant. To carry out remote control of devices, you need a telephone controller, which can be used as regular controller- it allows you to control 10 devices by phone and 8 devices from buttons. Control access is protected by code. By installing a number of sensors and a controller in the boiler room, the owner will receive such opportunities as: turning on / off the boiler not only manually, but also according to the program, as well as remotely - by phone, for example. In addition, the controller will monitor the gas pressure (if the boiler is gas), and the presence of diesel fuel, and the liquid pressure - after all, the system usually has an automatic air release valve, and water vapor leaves with the air - the pressure in the system drops, and the controller will in time command the valve to add water to the system. He will also monitor the water pressure in the water supply system, the water level in the well, and the temperature of the pipeline. All this is possible provided that the required number of sensors are installed, with the help of which the controller collects information.

The controller can greatly facilitate the task of watering the lawn. In this case, having equipped the irrigation system with humidity, rain and temperature sensors, the owner will not have to worry that if there was no rain, the lawn will be watered as expected after sunset. If the weather is hot, then watering will be done before sunrise. The same

Preview:

Festival of creative discoveries and initiatives "Leonardo"

Research work

« Smart Home project in the Arduino environment»

Prepared by:

Livensky Vadim Nikolaevich,

6th grade student

Head of work:

Melnikova Tatyana Aleksandrovna,

IT-teacher

Municipal educational institution "Manturovskaya Secondary School"

Kursk, 2017

Introduction

Every year the topic “Smart Home” is gaining more and more popularity and, like a car in its time, an intelligent home is becoming not a luxury, but a necessity. From former toys, smart automation is growing into an integral part of modern house. And every year the control system becomes more and more complex. This topic intrigued us with its ability to make staying in your own home more comfortable and safe.

The main goal in our scientific work on the topic “Smart House” is to study and consider the possibility of a modern intelligent building management system in an accessible and understandable form for schoolchildren.

Hypothesis: If you study the capabilities of the Smart Home system, you can implement them in the environmentArduino based code.

Target: Get acquainted with the capabilities of the Smart Home system and implement the use of system elements in the environment Arduino.

Research objectives:

  • collect the necessary information on the integrated Smart Home control system;
  • create your own analogue of system controls in the environment Arduino.

Object of study:wireless connection (Arduino environment) based on program code.

Subject of study:

  • engine control process;
  • the process of controlling climate and heating and other devices that can be connected to a common system.

Research methods:collection of material on the topic, its analysis and processing.

1. The concept of a smart home

Let's look into the past. In ancient times, places created by nature were habitation for humans. Ancient people had houses in caves. There are even houses on trees, made of stones. There are houses in the north. This is PLAGUE, made from deer skin. There are houses in the rocks. This is very unusual and interesting. Then, with the development of methods for processing materials, when people learned to make axes and saws, houses began to be built from wood. The houses became wooden. But in fairy tales we also see various houses. The famous hut on chicken legs. Castles of kings and princes. The more people came up with materials and ways to build them, the more new houses were born. Brick, apartment buildings. Nowadays people have a lot of accumulated knowledge, and they strive for something new. People began to make smart houses from simple houses.

Smart house (eng. intelligent building) is a modern residential building, organized for people to live in with the help of automation and high-tech devices. A “smart” home should be understood as a system that provides comfort (including safety) and resource conservation for all users. In the simplest case, it must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in the house and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms.

In this case, there is no need to use several remote controls when watching TV, dozens of switches when controlling lighting, in separate blocks when controlling ventilation and heating systems, video surveillance and security alarm systems, motorized gates and more.

According to analysts, the smart home market is actively developing. By 2020, the total global market volume will reach $51.77 billion. During the period from 2013 to 2020, the average annual market growth rate will be 17.74%. The main players in this industry abroad are Siemens AG (Germany), Schneider Electric SA (France), TELETASK (Belgium), ABB Ltd. (Switzerland), Ingersoll-Rand PLC (Ireland), Tyco International Ltd. (Switzerland), Emerson Electric Co. (USA), Legrand S.A. (France), Crestron Electronics, Inc. (USA), Lutron Electronics, Inc. (USA), Control4 Corporation (USA), etc.

The volumes of the Russian market are much more modest. In 2012, the market volume in our country exceeded 56 million euros or 2.3 billion rubles. In 2013, according to preliminary estimates, the market grew by 30% - to 65 million euros or almost 3 billion rubles. By 2017, its total volume could reach 176 million euros or 7.9 billion rubles.

The concept of a “smart home”, born in the seventies of the last century, was focused primarily on saving energy. The concept was based on the placement of various sensors in a residential building that determined whether anyone was in the room, which made it possible to turn the lights on and off depending on the presence of people in the room. As the high technology, the concept began to acquire additional capabilities.

Today the smart home system implementslighting control , heating and ventilation, security and video surveillance, audio and video equipment, household appliances, climate in winter garden, watering the lawn and cleaning the pool, opening windows and gates, turning off gas and water in case of an emergency, etc. In this case, human participation is reduced to a minimum.

An intelligent home is good because it offers a smart approach to the use of energy resources. To optimize lighting costs in the utility rooms of the house, it is possible to install motion sensors that automatically turn on the lights only in the presence of a person. Or, for example, the heating system ensures that at night and during the absence of the owners the temperature in the house drops. And the ventilation system will turn on only periodically, at specified time intervals. At the same time, we must remember that in addition to significant savings in money, careful use of energy makes a significant contribution to solving environmental problems. A smart home system can provide an invaluable service and save you from significant expenses in the event of water leaks, gas leaks or fires, thanks to installed water leak sensors, flood sensors, and a smoke detector. After all, an accidental accident can cause damaged property and ruined repairs. Intelligent energy metering and control systems will not only be able to shut off water or gas, but also notify the owner about the incident in a timely manner. And, of course, let’s not forget about the security alarm, which, in the event of a violation of public order, allows you to transfer a call to the police station.

The microclimate of a “smart home” monitors indoor air parameters with high accuracy and adjusts it in accordance with the program or according to user commands. Centralized control of air conditioning and heating systems guarantees comfortable conditions for living at any time of the year. System includes forced ventilation or opens windows to ventilate rooms.

IN general outline, the system consists of the following elements:

  • Special controller or computer (controls the entire system)
  • Many sensors (transmit information to the controller)
  • Actuators (at the command of the controller, they control various objects, for example garage doors)
  • Power supplies (provide uninterrupted power supply for all elements of the system)
  • Communication lines (connect all of the above devices)

The system works as follows. Many sensors and actuators are connected to the controller. The following can be used as communication lines: separately laid wires, existing electrical wiring or a radio channel. The user customizes the controller's operating algorithm to suit his requirements. Hundreds of times per second, the controller polls sensors that monitor the status of all smart home systems. After polling these sensors, the system analyzes the situation and, depending on the settings given to it by the user, makes one decision or another. Executive modules and systems receive commands and turn on/off the corresponding devices: lighting, security system, air conditioning, heating, water supply, etc.

In addition to the automatic mode, the system is also controlled autonomously, for example, using a “smart” learning remote control. A universal remote control can control more than just your TV and home theater. With its help, it is easy to activate any “smart home” function: set variouslighting scenarios , open and close gates, arm the house, etc.

What's most impressive is that the system can be controlled via the Internet (using email) or mobile communications(using SMS messages). Sitting at work, for example, you can give the command to prepare for your return home - turn on the system"climate control" , heat the floor, warm up the sauna, etc.

It is important to note that all engineering subsystems of a “smart home” must be able to work autonomously. If one of the subsystems fails, then the entire system will not be able to correct the problem, since a “smart home” is a superstructure over other engineering systems.

The smartest buildings in the world

The first “intellectual” building in the world was the “throne house” of Japanese professor Ken Sakamura in Tokyo, built in the late 1980s. Weather sensors opened the windows when there was a fresh breeze and turned on the air conditioning when it got hot; if the radio played too loud, the windows automatically closed so as not to disturb the neighbors; if the phone rang, the computer lowered the volume of the audio system, and so on.

The most famous and expensive one today ($100 million) was a house built in the USA for a man named Bill Gates, the famous creator of Microsoft Corporation. This is a multi-storey villa, equipped with the most “advanced” equipment. Everything in the building is computer controlled and controlled engineering equipment, supported optimal microclimate in every room. Upon entering the home, each visitor receives a special electronic badge, which provides connection to all information services of the house. In the future, this icon tells the sensors where the guest is so that the house can fulfill all his wishes. In the dark, everyone is accompanied by a moving wave of light, and the further the lamp is from a person, the lower its brightness.

All walls are equipped with built-in television screens. Using the same universal control panel, any images from a huge archive of paintings, videos, films and television programs are displayed on the screens.Automatic climate control systems , lighting , telephones and many others electronic devices brought to logical perfection, but at the same time a person does not become a “slave” of the electronic “brain” of his home, since at any moment he can return to traditional “manual” control - “old-fashioned” switches coexist peacefully next to electronic panels.

2. Performing the experiment.

In developing "Smart Home" project used Arduino 1.8.1

Arduino program - brand of hardware and software for building simple automation systems androbotics , aimed at non-professional users. The software part consists of a free software shell (IDE ) for writing programs, compiling them and programming hardware. The hardware is a set of mountedprinted circuit boards , sold by both the official manufacturer and third-party manufacturers. Fullyopen architecture system allows you to freely copy or supplement the Arduino product line. Arduino can be used both to create autonomous automation objects and connect to software on a computer via standard wired and wireless interfaces.

Arduino programs can be used to perform basic commands, such as making LED devices flash, or complex functions, such as transmitting data over the Internet. Various Arduino circuits are available for specific applications.

These expansion boards are connected to the Arduino through the pin connectors installed on them. There are a number of boards with a unified design that allows a structurally rigid connection of the processor board and expansion cards in a stack through pin strips. The Arduino concept does not include any housing or mounting structure. The developer chooses the method of installation and mechanical protection of the boards independently.

Programming language

Arduino programming language is standardC++ (compiler usedAVR-GCC ).

It is also possible to create and connect standard C++ files to the project.

The simplest Arduino program consists of two functions:

  • setup() : The function is called once when the microcontroller starts.
  • loop() : The function is called after setup() in an endless loop all the time the microcontroller is running.

System Description

For electronic circuit "Smart House" the following elements were used:


INDIVIDUAL PROJECT ON THE TOPIC: “SMART HOUSE"

Introduction

    "Smart home" - what is it?

    Smart home capabilities

    1. Climate control
    2. Lighting control
    3. Protection against water leaks
    4. Socket control
    5. Video surveillance for home
    6. Smart sensors
    7. Fire alarm in the house
    8. Home security
    9. Multiroom Belgorod

    10. Drive automation

      Secondary functions

    Cost of services

Conclusion

Used Books

Introduction

I chose this topic, “Smart Home,” because of all those proposed, it is closest to my ACS specialty.

Even N. Wiener said in 1940 “The day is not far off when the things around us will learn to think and become much more useful to society,” and now this day has come.

Modern man places very high demands on the comfort of his living environment:

1. Aesthetic (design and style of interior, landscape, beauty and functionality of surrounding objects);

2. Climatic (heat, cold, fresh air);

3. General household (water, gas, electricity, radio, television, internet, telephone communications, availability of kitchen machines and hygiene systems for saunas and baths);

4. Requirements for security and control over it (safety of the home, the owners of the house and their loved ones);

5. Reliability requirements complex systems(computers, home theaters, dishwashers, washing machines, microwave ovens, etc.)

As a result, the engineering equipment of apartments and cottages is steadily becoming more complex, and the number of devices involved in the formation of this environment is growing. Entrusting the management of all systems to the home owner becomes inconvenient, unprofitable and unsafe. Complete system Home management “smart home” takes on all the routine work to solve this confusing problem, leaving the person only to make the main, “basic” decisions.

The purpose of the project is to study the Smart Home system.

To achieve this goal, we can highlight tasks:

    consider the concept of the “Smart Home” system and the principle of its operation;

    consider the capabilities of the Smart Home system.

    consider the cost of these services.

"Smart home" - what is it?

Modern world impossible to imagine without automation. Our home is no exception. In everyday life in an apartment or country house we perform hundreds and thousands of actions that could be performed without our participation. Everything from turning on the lights to maintaining the climate in the apartment can be automated. This became possible thanks to the Smart Home system.

A smart home is a residential building or apartment organized for people to live in using automation and high-tech devices. A smart home is a system that allows for resource conservation, convenience and safety. Such a system is able to recognize various situations and respond appropriately to them.

Briefly, the question of what a smart home is can be answered as follows - it is a structure in which all processes occurring are maximally automated and tailored to human needs. The concept of a smart home usually includes automation of routine activities.

The capabilities of the smart home system are truly multifaceted. For example, to prevent the possibility of robbery when no one is in the house, the system simulates the presence of the owner by opening the blinds, turning on/off the lights, etc. If intruders nevertheless get inside the premises or another extraordinary situation occurs, the system immediately notifies the owner about this. By the time you wake up, the system will heat the floors in the bathroom, turn on the stereo, adjust the air conditioner to the desired temperature, adjust the optimal humidity in the room and solve many other household problems. The entire set of switches can be replaced by one remote control or wall switch with a screen.

The basis of a smart home system is algorithms. They must be correctly drawn up so that there is no conflict between various types systems For example, the heating system has raised the temperature in the rooms to the level at which the air conditioning system is activated. This shouldn't happen. Moreover, a smart home must take into account many other conditions: temperature outside the window, wind, time of day. An undeniable advantage is the ability to control and manage various systems in the house remotely.

Smart home capabilities

Climate control

One of the main and most important features of the system. Its importance is determined not only by the comfort of residents, but also by the possibility of saving resources.

You can set the temperature, air humidity, control the heated floor and more. The smart home will maintain the selected values ​​using the air conditioning, heating, ventilation, and humidification systems.

In addition, you can set different microclimate programs that will change depending on the specified conditions. For example, by specifying your operating hours when you are away from home, the system will not waste energy and resources during your absence, and by the time you return, the microclimate in the house will be the same as you set it. The system will automatically turn on all the necessary devices (heating, heated floors, air conditioning, humidifier) ​​in advance to get desired temperature indoors upon your arrival.

Therefore, you can save money spent on energy.

Lighting control

You can remotely turn off and on the lighting in any room and adjust the brightness level.

In addition to manual control, it is possible to organize an automatic lighting system using various sensors. Motion and presence sensors allow you to determine whether a person is in the room and turn the lighting on or off.

You can create different scenarios for lighting, so with one click you can create a romantic atmosphere by turning off the main lighting and reducing the backlight to a minimum.

Protection against water leaks

Allows you to control everything water connections and in case of leakage it will automatically close the valve.

Leakage protection consists of several elements:

    Leak sensor;

    Electrically driven locking device;

    Controller.

Sensors are installed in places where water may accumulate due to a leak. When moisture appears, the contacts on the sensors close and the signal is sent to the Smart Home server. The system processes the signal and sends a command to the valve electric drive controller to shut off the water supply.

The Smart Home system notifies residents about the problem through all possible means of communication: e-mail, SMS messages, pop-up notifications in the Smart Home interface.

As soon as measures are taken to eliminate the leak, the user will be able to open the water supply valve through the Smart Home interface.

Socket control

Allows you to keep control of all electrical appliances connected to smart sockets. The smart socket is equipped with a Wi-Fi controller, a relay and a filter.

You can keep track of your electricity consumption around the clock and see how much a particular electrical appliance consumes. You can specify housing and communal services tariffs for electricity and display the amount consumed in monetary terms. All this can help you save money in the future.

You no longer have to worry about leaving an iron or heater on; just go to the personal account of your Smart Home and turn off the outlet you need.

Video surveillance for home

Allows you to organize full control both outside and inside.

The system consists of several video cameras, a video server and a video processor.

Cameras are equipped rotating mechanism, allowing you to set the viewing angle in such a way as to cover as much territory as possible. Infrared illumination allows for high-quality video shooting in any lighting conditions.

A video server with a large supply of space for storing video archives will allow you to save impressive amounts of information for a week, and you will always be able to access to view video materials. And the Smart Home interface provides access to view video surveillance cameras online.

Remote control of Smart Home

There are several options for accessing the management interface.

Firstly, you will be able to control the system through stationary touch screens installed in a place convenient for you.

Secondly, access via the web interface. Even if you are in the opposite point of the globe, you can always turn off the forgotten iron from the network or the light in the bathroom.

Thirdly, this is access through a mobile application. Your smartphone is now not only a tool for making calls and killing time, but also a full-fledged tool for managing your Smart Home.

Smart sensors

They will detect your presence and movement and turn on dim lighting wherever you are. The system is thought out to the smallest detail: if the level of lighting due to the time of day is sufficient for a comfortable stay in the room, then the lighting will not be turned on. In other words, lighting will only be used when it is appropriate.

The Smart Home system is very flexible and leaves room for the customer’s imagination. For example, it is possible to organize lights to turn on and off by clapping, which can help the elderly. It is also possible to adjust the lighting depending on the light sensors. The darker it gets outside, the brighter the indoor lighting becomes.

Fire alarm in the house

The system consists of fire detectors different types(temperature, smoke), siren and control unit. If danger arises, the system will notify all residents via all possible communication channels: siren, SMS messages, e-mail, pop-up notifications in the Smart Home control interface.

You can also install gas leakage sensors and servos on gas main valves. They should be located close to a possible source of leakage: gas main, gas water heater(boiler or water heater), gas stove, etc. When a gas leak sensor is triggered, the valves close and residents are notified, similar to the fire protection system.

Home security

All sensors that were used for convenience and savings can be switched to the safety of your property. Motion sensors, presence sensors, CCTV cameras, magnetic sensors, warning system - all this will allow you to create a full-fledged security system.

When leaving the house, set it to security and you will be notified when a certain scenario is triggered - doors opening, glass breaking, entry into the premises.

If you are absent for a long time, the system will turn on the lights, music, and open the curtains according to the schedule you set, creating the illusion of your presence.

Function - imitation of the presence of animals will scare away a random thief; when you press the bell button, a menacing dog barking will be heard in the apartment.

If you are afraid of the invasion of uninvited guests, then the panic button will allow you to inform your trusted persons, who can do something about it, about the “non-standard” situation in your home without visible external manifestations. In this case, placement panic buttons in the house you need to think about it in advance and place it near the door on the floor, in the bathroom or on the door itself in order to be able to press it unnoticed.

Multiroom

Multiroom is a Smart Home subsystem that allows you to organize audio and video signals within the premises. The Smart Home system will allow you to manage tracks and videos from your smartphone or tablet.

Save your favorite tracks and movies on the Smart Home server and get full access from any part of your home.

Drive automation

Drives for blinds, roller shutters, gates and much more are automated.

You can create a lighting scenario in such a way that at certain hours the blinds will be automatically folded, creating the desired level of illumination in the room.

And when you drive up to your garage door, you can activate it to open with one touch of your smartphone screen.

Secondary functions

It is possible to automate the operation of the system so that

    limit children's access to unsafe elements,

    set the lawn watering or pool cleaning mode,

    enable 24-hour internal and external video surveillance,

    configure the operation of the equipment to the required modes

Cost of services

Prices are taken from one of the Belgorod sites.

Conclusion

In this work, all the tasks that were posed were solved:

    the concept of the “Smart Home” system and the principle of operation of the system are considered;

    the capabilities of the Smart Home system are considered;

    the cost of these services is considered.

I'm very interested this topic and in the future, when studying special disciplines, I want to consider the technologies for implementing this system.

Used Books

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    http://smartdom31.rf/index.php?route=common/home

    http://knowledge.allbest.ru/radio/3c0a65635a3ad78b5d53b89521216d26_0.html

    http://www.ydom.ru/

    http://www.insyte.ru/ru/smarthome/

    http://hosm.ru/forum/topic105.html

    http://www.shouse.by/main/section.do?mainId=7&selId=144

    http://ltdholding.kz/smart-home.html

    http://hosm.ru/info/aircontrol.html

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