Water level control cascade device. How to make a cascading waterfall with your own hands. Operating principle of the "Cascade" device
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(myopia), amblyopia of various origins
Operating principle of the "Cascade" device
The operating principle of the device is that it is exposed to color stimuli. different area visible spectrum, which dynamically change in space and time. One of the most important properties organ of vision as optical instrument- this is the ability to accommodate reflexively (change the strength of the eye optics) depending on the distance at which an object is located. This function is provided by the accommodation mechanism of the organ of vision. If the distance between the eye and the object does not change over a sufficiently long period of time, then the eye gets tired. This leads to impaired visual acuity, or myopia (myopia).
To complete the complex gymnastic exercises For the eyes, relieving fatigue, and improving the quality of vision, it is necessary to train the accommodation mechanism. Accommodation disturbance is usually accompanied by a visual disorder such as amblyopia. It should be noted that amblyopia in a patient may be more pronounced than the spasm of accommodation itself. This is the reason that today, devices and methods of physiotherapy that allow treating both pathologies simultaneously are becoming more in demand.
Mechanism of action of the "Cascade" device
It has long been known that magnetic therapy has a sedative effect. This became the determining factor starting torque to develop a device such as “Cascade”, which presents the organ of vision with a set of dynamically changing color and light stimuli. The light stimuli that the Cascade attachment emits are located in the device tube at a certain height and distance from each other relative to the point being observed, so that the previous ones are not blocked by the subsequent ones. This device also stores angular size presented stimuli at any distance from the observation point.
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The most famous and popular eye device based on color pulse therapy methods. It has been produced for about 10 years and is well known to both patients and doctors. It is characterized by low price and ease of use.
How to make a cascading waterfall correctly?
Sergey
The ideal surface for constructing a cascading waterfall is a natural slope, but if this is not available, an artificial embankment can be made. The main thing is that its surface resembles natural relief and fits harmoniously into the surrounding landscape. Such a waterfall is well suited for a reservoir of free outlines.
The process of creating a cascading waterfall can be divided into three main stages:
- Construction of a reservoir.
- The device of the cascade itself.
- Installing a pump to move water.
Let's look at each of them in detail.
To arrange a cascading waterfall in your garden, you will need to fulfill a number of prerequisites
Construction of a reservoir
To construct a pond, you can use various building materials: concrete, waterproofing film, ready plastic molds. But it is better to give preference to butyl rubber film, which has a long service life. Before laying the film, it is necessary to pour a layer of coarse sand up to 10 cm thick onto the bottom of the pit and lay geotextiles. When the reservoir is filled with water, the film will evenly lie on the bottom and take the required form. The edges of the film must be pressed with stones. In winter, the water from the pond must be drained to avoid rupture of the film due to freezing of the water.
Cascade device
First of all, it is necessary to arrange ledges for water drainage. The lower ledge should be installed 30 cm above the surface of the water in the pond. For the rest, the optimal height is from 20 to 30 cm. It is better to start creating ledges from the bottom, smoothly raising them above the water. The first tier of the waterfall should be as smooth as possible, and the rest can be made in any way, based on your preferences. Optimal height cascade - 1.5 m.
As building material It is best to use natural stone, such as sandstone. The stones are stacked on top of each other and fastened with cement mortar. To prevent large splashes of water, sides should be made in the lower tier of the cascade.
The choice of the shape of the stones and the process of making the ledges largely depends on how you would like the finished waterfall to look.
If flat stones with smooth edges are stacked into a pyramid, water will flow down evenly. If you choose stones with chipped, uneven or sharp edges, the stream will break into several streams when falling. If you use stones with a depression in the middle, you will get a stream flowing slowly along the ledges.
Pump installation
To push water from the pond to the top of the cascade it is necessary submersible pump installed at the bottom of the reservoir. Installing a pump has several nuances: firstly, all pump parts, hoses and electrical cables need to be securely hidden so that they are not visible from the outside; secondly, the pump must be connected to a low-voltage transformer located indoors; thirdly, connectors for cable extension should not be afraid of water. The hose that draws in water should be located at the bottom of the reservoir, and the hose that pushes out water should be brought to the top of the cascade. In addition, it is necessary to provide a system to protect the pump from solid particles that can damage it. To do this, a filter and protection against “dry running” are installed in front of the pump nozzle (in the absence of water in front of the suction nozzle).
Pump power is important. If the height of the waterfall is 1.5 m, it will be enough to choose a pump with a power of 70 W, but if the cascade is higher, then a more powerful pump is needed (from 100 W and above). It is very good if the pump has the ability to regulate the power of the water flow. This will allow you to control the water pressure.
After completing all preparatory work You can fill the reservoir with water and start decorating the waterfall.
Regular style in landscape design has its own special philosophy. It is based on the idea of complete subordination of nature to the will of man. The tradition of arranging gardens in a regular style arose in France during the era of absolutism, associated with the name of the “Sun King” Louis XIV and his famous saying: “The state is me!”, so quite often the regular style is also called French style. His characteristic features- strictly symmetrical layout, carefully adjusted lines and geometric shapes, the displacement of the slightest hint of naturalness by emphasized artificiality.
Ponds in regular-style gardens are almost always squeezed into a rigid framework. When designing them, the choice is not made in favor of living vegetation, natural untreated stone, natural soil or sandstone, as prescribed by the canons of landscape style. Here, preference is given to polished slabs of marble or granite, gypsum and alabaster structures, sculptures, bas-reliefs, various electric lamps and lighting, etc. Living plants can also be used in decorating the space around a regular pond, but they should be planted in flowerpots or small flower beds of the correct shape.
Cascades and waterfalls in regular-style gardens are most often wall-type hydraulic structures; their arrangement requires an artificial vertical in the form of a wall, a sculpture, or several symmetrical steps. When designing the main pool for such structures, it should be taken into account that they can be either flush with the ground level or in a “bowl” with walls raised above the ground, the height of which, as a rule, varies from 0.5 to 0.7 m. These bowls constitute one of the significant stylistic differences, since they are never found in landscape gardens. Another difference is that for waterproofing the bed of a reservoir, not flexible insulating materials such as PVC film or butyl rubber are used, but concreting with possible subsequent cladding with slabs or ready-made plastic forms.
Cascades can act as additional elements reservoirs of a regular style, and as independent decorative designs. The minimum width of the threshold when constructing cascades is 15-20 cm, and its tiers should be located at a distance of about 10-30 cm in relation to each other. In this case, the total height of the structure is approximately one meter, but if desired, you can also focus on a higher bar. The regular style has its own rules for the proportions of the cascade: the ideal ratio between its width and height is defined as 1:2.
It is believed that making a bed for a cascade or waterfall from concrete is difficult, and it is better to seek help from professionals. If you still decide to do this work yourself, then you should remember some technological nuances. Firstly, you should not combine the bed of a cascade (waterfall) with others concrete structures- the bases of flowerpots and flower beds, the edges of the concrete bowl of the main reservoir, etc. Concrete is characterized by low plasticity and can be destroyed due to sharp changes temperatures in the cold season. In addition, in winter it often cracks as a result of the “bulging” of the soil. Secondly, seams in concrete, over the surface of which water will constantly circulate, can crack quite quickly, and therefore you need to try to place the entire concrete mass into the formwork and onto the reinforcement as quickly as possible. The thickness of the bottom and walls of cascade tanks should be the same everywhere. Frozen concrete surface plastered and covered plastic film until completely dry, and then coated with sealant.
If the cascade is being built in a pre-concreted stream bed, then sometimes it is enough to make an imitation of a staircase with several steps, which will serve as water tanks.
Independent tanks can have a round, oval, square, rectangular or trapezoidal shape with rounded edges of the protrusions or with special grooves for water drainage. Dig them out sequentially, starting from the bottom. You can also make a wall cascade attached to one of the walls of the house. The movement of water from the lower reservoir to the upper point of the cascade is ensured by a low-voltage pump, to the nozzle of which one end of a pipe is connected, previously laid under the surface of the bed of the future cascade. The second end is brought up - to where, according to your plan, water should flow.
Waterfall device
Waterfalls in regular style gardens are mostly compact hydraulic structures wall type, rather reminiscent of architecturally designed springs with a stream flowing down. Actually, such a waterfall has a lot in common with a fountain, the only difference is that the jets of fountains shoot upward, while for waterfalls it’s the other way around.
There are no special recommendations regarding the construction of a waterfall design; it all depends on your taste and capabilities. You can buy a ready-made sculpture for fountains, hollow inside, and run a hose through it. If this is, for example, the figure of an animal, then water can pour out of its mouth; if it is a stylized vessel, then it can overflow over its edge.
A wall-mounted regular waterfall in the garden is constructed as follows: a piece of metal or plastic pipe. One of its edges will be attached to the pump, the other will be brought out. The most optimal diameter of the pipe is from 5 to 15 cm. It is advisable that it not just stick out from the wall, but be disguised with a stucco bas-relief made of plaster or alabaster - they are made to order by art workshops.
An almost indispensable attribute for designing a wall-mounted regular waterfall in the garden is decorative arch. Visually, it can be integral with the edges of the bowl of the main reservoir. The Roman-style waterfalls, framed by the likeness of antique columns, look beautiful.
The regular style allows for the design of fountains and cascades with electric lighting. Its power usually does not exceed 50 W. There are special underwater lights on sale that are absolutely impenetrable and safe. Traditionally, lighting is placed below, at the base of a cascade or waterfall. Ordinary garden lamps on low stands located along the perimeter of the hydraulic structure will also add variety to the composition.
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