State sanitary and epidemiological regulation
Russian Federation

SOIL SANITARY PROTECTION

Entomological research methods
soils of populated areas
for the presence of preimaginal stages
synanthropic flies

Guidelines

MU 2.1.7.2657-10

Moscow 2010

2. Recommended for approval by the Commission on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards under the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare (protocol dated December 3, 2009 No. 3).

3. Approved by the Head of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Field of Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare, Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko July 9, 2010

4. Entered into force from the moment of approval.

5. From the moment of introduction of these guidelines, paragraphs 1 - 4, 6, paragraph 2 of Appendix 6 of MU No. 28-6/3 of the Ministry of Health of the USSR “Methodological guidelines for the control of flies”, approved on January 27, 1984, are considered invalid. M., 1985.

2.1.7. SOIL, CLEANING PLACES,
PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION WASTE,
SOIL SANITARY PROTECTION

Entomological research methods
soils of populated areas
for the presence of preimaginal stages of synanthropic flies

Guidelines

The development of the embryo in the egg, depending on the temperature of the substrate, occurs within 8 - 25 hours. After hatching from the eggs, the larvae quickly penetrate into the thickness of the substrate and concentrate in the areas most favorable for them. As the larvae develop, they grow and molt 3 times. At a substrate temperature of 30 - 40 °C, the development of larvae ends within 4 - 5 days, at 20 - 25 °C - 7 - 9 days, at 16 - 18 °C - 12 - 18 days. Before pupation, the larva stops feeding and crawls into cool and dry layers of the substrate or loose soil surrounding the waste at a distance of up to 2 m. If the area on which the waste bins (waste) are located is paved or tightly compacted, then the larvae can crawl at a distance of 3 - 5 m or more and burrow into loose soil to a depth of 10 - 20 cm. About 20% of the larvae migrate into the soil surrounding the cold substrate, into the soil around high-temperature waste (manure) and from liquid waste - more than 95% of the larvae. Most often, pupae are found in soil at a temperature of 18 - 25 ° C and a humidity of 20 - 40%. The development of housefly pupae at a substrate temperature of 20 - 25 °C lasts 8 - 9 days, at 16 - 18 °C - 13-19 days, blowflies at a substrate temperature of 20 - 25 °C - 7 - 8 days. At favorable conditions temperature and humidity of the substrate, the development of pupae can end within 3 - 4 days. On average, the total duration of development of all preimaginal stages (from egg to adult), depending on temperature, substrate humidity and type of flies, is 10 - 13 days at 30 °C, and more than 30 days at 16 - 18 °C.

Rice. 1. Stages of housefly development Musca domestica. 1 - eggs; 2 - larva
3rd age; 3 - pupa; 4 - newborn fly; 5 - adult fly (male);
6 - frontal bladder; 7 - unexpanded wings; 8 and 9 - oral
hooks and anterior spiracles of the larva; 10 - posterior spiracles

Inside the pupa, the process of transformation (metamorphosis) of the larva into an winged fly occurs. The exit of newborn flies through the soil layer depends on the density of the soil: up to 90% of flies pass through dry sand, and no more than 10% of flies pass through wet sand (10% humidity). Newborn flies overcome a layer of dry sand up to 150 cm thick. garden soil more difficult for flies to pass through than sand. A layer of soil of 30 cm is overcome by 80% of newborn flies, a layer of soil of 50 cm is overcome by only a few. Compacting the soil can reduce the number of flies that hatch. The emerging flies are capable of flight within 1 - 1.5 hours; their body coverings dry out and their wings spread. They either remain near waste accumulations or fly away to feeding areas and can travel distances of up to 10 km or more. The lifespan of flies in summer is 1 - 1.5 months. During this period, female flies can lay eggs 6 or more times.

In temperate climates, synanthropic species of flies overwinter in the adult stage in cool rooms, falling into rigor mortis. They become active again when the air temperature rises to 6 - 10 °C. The bulk of the fly population overwinters in the pupal stage. Larvae of the 3rd instar overwinter in rotted layers of waste, manure, soil near accumulations of waste, often at a depth of 25 - 50 cm. Flies emerge from overwintered pupae in March-May, during the period when the average daily temperature of the soil (waste) is 7 - 10 days rises to 11 - 14 °C. IN southern regions The breeding of flies in warm years is also possible in winter.

III. Research methods and sampling

3.1. The survey program is determined by the goals and objectives of the study, taking into account the sanitary and epidemiological condition of the area.

3.2. First of all, the territories of medical and preventive, educational, children's institutions, food enterprises, residential complexes, recreation areas, irrigation and sewage disposal fields. Sanitary and entomological surveys must accompany sanitary surveys of populated areas, carried out as part of routine sanitary supervision, and are mandatory during control at waste neutralization and disposal sites. Sampling locations are marked on a schematic map reflecting the structure of the location of objects in the area. In a city, you can limit yourself to a list of addresses of objects.

3.3. An entomological assessment of the sanitary condition of the soil of a populated area is carried out through systematic examination and sampling of waste accumulations and the soil around them. IN middle lane In Russia, inspection of potential fly breeding sites should be carried out once every 10-15 days, starting from the second decade of May to the third ten-day period of September, when the outside air temperature consistently exceeds 8-10 °C. In the southern regions, surveys of fly breeding sites are carried out regularly, starting from the third ten days of April to the first - second ten days of October (depending on the weather conditions of the year).

3.4. Sampling is carried out selectively, 3 to 5 samples per area of ​​100 m2, at least 10 samples in total over the area of ​​the planned construction (mass of the combined sample is 1 kg). Soil samples are taken with a shovel (spatula) from an area of ​​20x20 cm to a depth of 10 cm directly at the waste collection sites themselves and at a distance of up to 1 - 1.5 m around the perimeter. In early spring and late autumn, samples should be taken at a depth of at least 20 cm to detect overwintering fly pupae.

3.5. The number of larvae and pupae should also be counted in waste piles (compost), from where the larvae migrate into the soil. At 5 - 6 points along the perimeter of the object they are thrown upper layer waste (manure, soil) and visually determine the presence of fly larvae and pupae. The most accurate method is to take samples into a cuvette and count larvae (pupae) on average per 1 cuvette (20×15 cm), or per 1 half-liter jar. Since larvae (pupae) are unevenly distributed in the substrate (soil), samples taken from 5 - 6 points in one object represent the average number of preimaginal stages of flies colonizing the substrate. You can count the larvae per 1 kg of taken substrate. It is necessary to use a single sampling method in all examined objects, counting larvae and pupae.

3.6. The substrate with the larvae (pupae) in it is placed in vessels (plastic glasses, jars), covered with calico napkins and secured with rubber bands. Samples are labeled and recorded in a sampling log. The samples are transferred to the laboratory and left until the flies hatch. Subsequently, the species composition of hatched flies is determined. This data is necessary to characterize the sanitary and entomological state of the soil (waste) in different areas and objects of the settlement. When taking samples, it is necessary to record the temperature of those layers of waste from which samples are taken and the temperature of the outside air.

3.7. Twice during the fly season, a mass survey of potential fly breeding sites is carried out. For these purposes, the number of objects examined is increased by 3-5 times, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the degree of contamination of the soil of various objects by fly larvae (pupae) and to assess the sanitary and entomological condition of the entire settlement and its individual sections (neighborhoods).

IV. Assessment of sanitary and entomological indicators of soil in populated areas

4.1. The number of larvae and pupae in the sample is visually recorded using the following scale:

When taking into account the population of the soil, using weight indicators, calculate per 1 kg of substrate:

These indicators are evaluation criterion sanitary and entomological condition of soil (waste) in a populated area (facilities).

4.2. Based on all samples taken in one object, the average number (abundance) of larvae and separately pupae per sample in the object is calculated. When determining the general sanitary and entomological condition of a settlement (neighborhood), an occurrence criterion is established, i.e. percentage of places (plots, yards, objects, etc.) in the soil of which fly larvae and/or pupae were found.

4.3. The results of the examination are recorded in a special journal, which indicates the date of the examination, the characteristics of the object in which the examination was carried out, the place where the sample was taken (garbage bin, compost, landfill, etc.), type of substrate, air (substrate) temperature, number of larvae and pupae in the sample. When flies hatch in the laboratory - their species composition (app.).

4.4. The obtained materials are summarized, analyzed and a retrospective forecast of the entomological situation regarding synanthropic flies in the populated area is compiled. These materials are the basis for planning sanitary and extermination measures.

V. Precautions

5.1. Workers counting the number of pre-imaginal stages of flies and taking substrate samples must be provided with special clothing: a robe or overalls, a headscarf (cap), rubber gloves. To protect the respiratory system, use gauze bandages or respirators.

5.2. Staff must be provided with detergents and towels.

5.3. During the inspection of fly breeding sites, it is not allowed to smoke, drink, or eat.

5.4. After the examination, the protective clothing is removed and ventilated. Wash when soiled in a soap-soda solution. After the examination, the face and hands are thoroughly washed with soap. Cuvettes, tweezers and other equipment, gloves are thoroughly washed after work. hot water with soap (soda).

VI. Equipment you need to have to conduct surveys

1. Overalls, gloves, gauze bandages, respirators - according to the number of workers.

2. Enameled (plastic) cuvette - 2.

3. Different tweezers - 3.

4. Air thermometers - 3.

5. Scissors - 2.

6. Sterile and non-sterile cotton wool - 150 g.

7. Sterile and non-sterile bandages - 3.

8. Towels-2.

10. Soda ash - 200 g.

11. Plastic vessels (glasses) - 50 pcs.

12. Notebooks (magazines) - 2.

Entomological survey territory is an important component of the process of exterminating ticks, which are carriers of dangerous diseases. The purpose of such a study is to assess the current situation and determine the density of tick infestation open spaces, subject to acaricidal treatment.

Entomological survey of the territory

Most often to objects for which entomological survey is mandatory, include:

• Children's health camps,
• Park areas,
• Forest parks, especially the path network,
• Holiday homes and sanatoriums and other open spaces where there is a risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis.

You can also always contact the microbiological laboratory at the SES for laboratory testing of mites found on clothing or on the body.

Why is an entomological examination necessary?

Sanitary entomological research territories is carried out by entomological specialists with the following goals:

• Assessment of the object under study for the presence of arthropods,
• Determination of insect species diversity in the study area,
• Development of a set of measures to exterminate ticks and other insects in a given outbreak,
• Selection of the most effective drugs for acaricidal treatment,
• Carrying out subsequent monitoring of the population of the territory with ticks after completion of disinfestation measures,
• Issuing recommendations regarding preventive measures.

Based on the results of the study of the object, the entomologist draws up an act of entomological survey of the territory , which contains all the necessary information about the mites of the object.

When carrying out entomological control, a SES specialist, using various techniques and methods, collects ticks from the study area, counts their number and, using a number of formulas, calculates the coefficient of population of the given territory with these ticks. dangerous insects. In addition, the detected ticks are then examined in the virological laboratory of the sanitary and environmental service for the presence of the virus. tick-borne encephalitis followed by drawing up a laboratory test report.

Depending on the number of insects, the most suitable ones are selected effective drugs and methods of acaricidal treatment - as a rule, for large areas the generation of hot fog has proven to work best.

Approximately 5-7 days after the acaricidal treatment, specialists again conduct an entomological examination to ensure the quality of disinsection, and draw up an expert opinion issued by an organization (SES) accredited in the prescribed manner.

You can order a complete entomological study of the territory from our sanitary and environmental service, which has official accreditation and carries out both an examination of a given object and its acaricidal treatment.

How to find out if there are ticks on summer cottage? In order to make sure that they are absent, it is necessary to check the area for tick infestation at least twice - before and after. Ticks on the territory of the dacha can be detected by catching ticks with a white flag.

Whether they need to be stained and how effective the treatment was - this test will show.

So, you should go to the site for monitoring no earlier than 3-5 days after treatment. Take care of your own safety first. You should not go into potentially dangerous territory unprepared. Be sure to get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis. Exposed areas of the body are usually sprayed with an aerosol or tick spray to prevent bites. However, it makes sense to apply repellents only to clothing; when treating the body, the effect is not achieved due to the odor of sweat. When going along the survey route, it is better not to use tick repellents at all, as this may interfere with an objective check. When entering a potentially tick-infested area, tightly cover all parts of your body with clothing, leaving your forearms and neck exposed, your hair should be tucked under a hat, and your trouser legs should be tucked into long socks. It is best to dress in white or at least a plain color, so that when inspecting your clothes later it will be easy to spot a tick on it. A white jumpsuit with a hood and rubber boots are quite suitable. An anti-encephalitis suit will also provide excellent protection.

Here's how to collect and count the number of ticks step by step:

The tick attached to the canvas is removed with tweezers (clamp) and placed in a container specially prepared for this purpose. Use Plastic container for biomaterials, which are sold in pharmacies.

The laboratory will not accept insects or mites in other containers, so use only the recommended one. Once the caught tick is inside, screw the lid tightly. The container should be submitted for laboratory testing to the local Federal Budgetary Institution "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology", be sure to take your passport with you (to conclude an agreement). The service is paid, and its cost depends on the specific region and on what kind of conclusion you request. In order to find out the type of tick, you should order a species determination; to check for infection with viruses, ixodid ticks are tested for infection with Borrelia. In the whole country, the cost of these services ranges from 400-700 rubles per specimen.

Features of collecting and recording the number of ticks. Efficiency calculation

The site must be surveyed in such a way as to cover the entire treated area with the route and cover all potential tick habitats. The survey route must be at least 500 meters. If there are paths on the dacha site, or there is a network of forest paths outside it, it is necessary to check the vegetation along them with special care.

It is more effective to count ticks, as well as treat them, during the hours of their maximum seasonal and daily activity. If the weather is cloudless, then in the period from 10 to 12 hours, as soon as the dew has dried, in the afternoon it is preferable to go around the area from 17 to 20 hours. On a particularly hot day, it is better to start and finish the morning walk around the site earlier, but the evening walk, respectively, later. On a cloudy day, the check can be carried out at any time starting from 11 o'clock. The main rule is to arrive before dark.

The results of the preliminary inspection will indicate whether a full treatment of the area for ticks is worth it or whether it is not necessary. On hot days, one flag walk may not be enough, so it is best to repeat the walk at least once more during the week. Some individuals may rest and hide deep in the litter. In order for the check to be as objective as possible, it should be carried out on the eve of maximum tick activity - late April, early May. Carrying out another test after the treatment allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of the first, drawing the appropriate conclusions - whether repeated treatment is necessary or you can do without it. The efficiency of work is usually calculated using the following formula:

Efficiency (%) = 100 - A3 / A0 * 100,

where A3 is the number of caught or attached ticks (larvae or adults) within the area 3 days after treatment; A0 is the same indicator before processing.

The residual number of ticks should not exceed 0.5 specimens per 1 hour (10 acres) of continuous flag counting. According to established standards, the following indicators of the number of ixodid ticks for the same area are applied: very high - over 100 copies, high - 50-100, increased - 10-50, low - 1-10, very low - less than 1 copy. If the number of ticks is more than 3 copies, the treatment is repeated. Treatment is considered effective if 100% of ticks die.

If the efficiency is less than 95%, you should investigate and be sure to re-treat

Entomological examination is a special type of biological research, which is an analysis of insects, their fragments, as well as traces and waste products. In addition, entomological examination studies the anatomical and morphological characteristics of insect tissues and their organs, taking into account the stages of insect development. Characteristics life cycle insects provide data that can be used during the investigation. These data, obtained through the special knowledge of a specialist in the field of insect biology and thanks to the appropriate level professional competence, are the subject entomological examination.

Entomological examination is used in various areas activities. A special place among all studies is occupied by forensic entomological examination. In the process of its implementation, information is extracted that will subsequently be included in the evidence base of the initiated case. Most often, insect larvae found in the corpse of a person or animal are subject to examination. The age of the larvae makes it possible to determine the duration of death, since insects go through each stage of development in a strictly defined time. This time can be changed under special external influences, the presence of which must be taken into account when carrying out the analysis. Forensic entomological examination deals, first of all, with the study of insects belonging to the group of necrobionts (or necrophages), that is, insects whose diet consists of animal and human corpses. In the process of decomposition of a corpse, clearly time-limited stages are distinguished. Each stage corresponds to a specific group of necrobiont organisms. The first stage is called early microbial decomposition, which is carried out by putrefactive bacteria present in the intestines of every person. First stage, depending on conditions environment, lasts from one to five days and ends with the appearance of oviposition and larvae of blowflies on the corpse. At the second stage, fly larvae are involved in the decomposition of the corpse. The second stage ends with the completion of the development of fly larvae, which by that time destroy most soft tissues of a corpse. At the third stage, the decomposition of the corpse is carried out by beetle larvae, eating away the remains of soft tissue. The fourth stage is called skeletonization, during which the corpse breaks down into individual skeletal bones. At the fifth stage, the bones of the skeleton break down into simple chemical compounds and individual chemical elements. This stage is usually called the mineralization stage. In the field of view of the expert entomologist are the second and third stages of decomposition of the corpse, during which objects of an entomological nature are present in the body.

Entomological examination can also be used in agriculture, industry or in the event of disputes regarding consumer rights. For example, an expert can determine the presence of entomological objects in seed material and give recommendations regarding its further use.

The following extracted samples can be the objects of entomological examination research:

• Adult insects.
• Insect larvae and pupae.
• Insect eggs.
• Individual fragments of bodies, organs or tissues of insects.
• Animal or human corpses, as well as their parts, representing the development environment of insects or larvae.

The tasks that an expert performing an entomological examination solves in the course of his activities.

The research problems are determined by the circumstances of the case under investigation, as well as the goals pursued by the initiator of the analysis. Most often, entomological examination specialists are given the following tasks:

• Identification of insects, their parts, traces and waste products in the available biological material.
• Establishment of taxonomic characteristics of discovered insects (order, family, genus, species).
• Determination of the age of the insect being studied and the stage of its life cycle.
• Identification of insect species found in the studied biomaterial.
• Determination of the period that has passed since the death of a person or animal in whose corpse objects of an entomological nature were found.
• Examination of tissues or parts of insects.

Legal basis for conducting entomological examination

In the process of carrying out entomological examination, the specialist is guided by the following provisions of existing regulations governing this area of ​​activity:

• Article 80 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which prescribes the rules for forming expert opinion and testimony by the specialist who conducted the study.
• Article 82 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which regulates the specifics of storing material evidence.
• Article 310 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which prescribes liability for failure to maintain the confidentiality of information obtained during the preliminary investigation.
• Chapter 12 of Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation No. 114 of May 14, 2003 (as amended on March 12, 2007), in particular Article 12.2, which regulates the examination of objects of animal origin.

Questions to ask an entomological expert

The most accurate list of questions to be answered by a specialist in entomological examination is drawn up at the time of concluding a contract for conducting research. This list depends on the circumstances of the case under investigation, as well as on the goals and objectives of the examination.

• Are objects of an entomological nature (insects, their fragments, tissues, larvae, products and traces of vital activity) identified in the biological material submitted for research?
• What are the taxometric characteristics of insects found in biological material? What species, genus, order, family do they belong to?
• How long has passed since the death of a person (or animal) in whose corpse insect larvae were found?
• At what stage of the life cycle is the insect presented for research?
• What is the age of this insect?
• What types of insects (or their larvae) were found in the biological material submitted for research?
• What insect tissues were found in the biological material under study?
• How many species of insects were found in the biological material submitted for research? What are these types?
• Was the corpse in which entomological objects were found moved to another location?
• Which chemical substances(medicines, narcotic drugs, etc.) are contained in larvae extracted from cadaveric material? Could these drugs cause death?
• When exactly did the death of the person (animal) whose corpse is subject to examination occur?
• Are beetle larvae and the beetles themselves present in the corpse material?
• At what stage of decomposition is the body submitted for examination?
• Is the seed material contaminated with entomological objects? What measures can be taken to free the material from insects and their larvae?

3.5.2. Disinsection Methodological recommendations MR 3.5.2.0110-16 “Organization and implementation of activities for entomological monitoring and regulation of the number of blood-sucking mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus” (approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare 9 March 2016)

Methodological recommendations MP 3.5.2.0110-16
“Organization and implementation of activities for entomological monitoring and regulation of the number of blood-sucking mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus”
(approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare on March 9, 2016)

1 area of ​​use

1.2. These methodological recommendations define algorithms for conducting entomological surveys and measures to reduce the number of blood-sucking mosquitoes that carry especially dangerous infections(dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika fever, etc.).

2. Introduction

On the territory of the Russian Federation, mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are found on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory - from the border with the Republic of Abkhazia to Dzhubga, and inland the mosquitoes Ae. albopictus advanced 44 km and spread to heights of 600 m (Krasnaya Polyana). On the Black Sea coast, as in other places of importation, they are synanthropic and are confined mainly to urban settlements, and at all phases of the life cycle are associated with human housing and its immediate environment.

Due to climate warming, the spread of these species of mosquitoes in the South-Western regions of the Krasnodar Territory and part of the Crimea cannot be ruled out, and Ae. albopictus to areas of the Caspian coast of Dagestan.

The problem of the global spread of mosquitoes Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti requires its solution, since they are effective carriers of a whole range of pathogens of arboviral infections, including pathogens of Zika, dengue, yellow, chikungunya, Rift Valley, West Nile, Sindbis, Japanese encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, etc.

3. Organization and conduct of entomological monitoring

Entomological monitoring of mosquitoes Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus provides the necessary information to plan and implement science-based, non-specific preventive measures to combat these mosquito species.

3.1. General information about Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes

3.1.1. Biology

Species of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus belong to the representatives of the family. Culicidae. In their development they go through 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa and imago. To develop eggs, female mosquitoes need to receive protein nutrition (blood), so they attack people and animals. Mosquitoes are most active at dusk and dawn. In residential and shaded areas or in cloudy weather they also bite in daytime. In clear sunny weather they hide in the shade. In the conditions of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, the lifespan of adult mosquitoes of both species is about a month, and they manage to lay eggs 3-4 times. Each clutch contains 80-120 eggs. Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes survive winter in the egg stage. If the imago of Ae. albopictus spends the winter in a state of diapause, their life expectancy increases to 1 year. Development of larvae and pupae of mosquitoes Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurs in a wide variety of artificial accumulations of water, both near human dwellings and inside them (various water tanks, tires, plastic bottles, jars, aquariums, etc.), as well as various reservoirs formed during the summer rains: tree hollows , cracks in rocks, depressions in relief, etc. At the same time, the larvae are able to develop in relatively polluted waters. The duration of mosquito development from egg to adult depends primarily on water temperature. Development of larvae and pupae of Ae. Aegypti at an air temperature of 27-30°C is about 10 days. At temperatures below 20°C, the development of preimaginal phases stops. The northern limits of distribution of this species of mosquito correspond to the January isotherm of 0°C. Optimal temperatures development of preimaginal stages of Ae. albopictus - +15-35°С. Eggs can tolerate low temperatures and drying out. The boundaries of the range of this species lie somewhat to the north compared to the boundaries of the range of Ae. aegypti and are limited by the January isotherm of -5°C. Several generations develop during the season (from April to October). Expansion radius Ae. albopictus from breeding sites can reach hundreds of meters (up to 2 km). Populations of Ae. aegypti are relatively sedentary. The maximum numbers of both types of mosquitoes are observed in late summer - early autumn.

3.1.2. Spreading

The primary distribution area of ​​these mosquitoes is limited to the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia, where they currently live in natural conditions. Outside their original range, mosquitoes of both species live near or exclusively within populated areas. Currently, the distribution area of ​​these mosquitoes includes both hemispheres. They widely inhabit the entire Mediterranean (including the countries of Southern Europe), South and Central America, as well as the southern part North America. In Asia, distributed to the southern regions of China and Japan. Ae. aegypti is the most synanthropic species of the genus.

3.2. Principles of entomological monitoring

In order to quantitative accounting preimaginal phases of development of mosquitoes Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae and pupae are collected from their habitats. To determine the presence of mosquito larvae in the study area, natural reservoirs and artificial water containers are examined. In residential premises and surrounding areas, containers containing water, places with increased moisture (puddles in gardens, showers, barrels, banks, car tires, pools filled with water, basements, aquariums, natural reservoirs, etc.), household waste dumps, hollows are inspected. trees. The accounting unit is the average number of individuals of pre-imaginal phases per unit of biotope surface (1). To count mosquito larvae and pupae in natural, large bodies of water, a net with a diameter of 20 cm is used. It is immersed in water half the diameter of the rim and pulled across the surface of the water 1 and back. Thus, an area of ​​1/5 is fished with one wire. Five samples correspond to the number of larvae per 1. In each section of the reservoir, 5-10 wirings are made. After each of them, the contents of the net are rinsed in a ditch. Determination of the species of mosquito larvae and pupae is carried out in order to establish the breeding places of various species, the timing of their development, to clarify certain issues of systematics and biology, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of reservoirs. For this purpose, the method of growing preimaginal phases to adults in laboratory conditions is often used.

One method of detecting the presence of mosquitoes is the use of oviposition traps. The trap is a vessel with a capacity of up to 0.5 liters, into which water is poured in a layer of several centimeters. It is advisable to line the walls of the vessel with a rough cloth. Female mosquitoes lay eggs along the water's edge. After 5-7 days, the traps are transferred to the laboratory, where the eggs are counted and, if possible, larvae are obtained from them, and then adults.

3.2.2. Quantitative recording of adults

In nature, adults find shelter among vegetation, in tree hollows, burrows, caves, in populated areas - in residential premises, premises for livestock or poultry, basements, cellars and other secluded places. Mosquitoes usually attack in the evening and morning hours, during the day - only in shady and humid biotopes.

3.2.2.1. Quantitative recording of adults in nature

The most common method is to collect and record insects when they attack a victim (human or animal). To catch attacking bloodsuckers, use a standard entomological net (diameter 30 cm, bag depth 70 cm, handle 10-20 cm). At 2-3 collection points, the catcher counts the number of sweeps made around him and periodically selects insects. For a representative count, at least 100 swings must be made. The abundance indicator is the average number of bloodsuckers in terms of the standard number of strokes (1 or 10). One of effective ways catching is the use of automatic traps such as BG Sentinel (BGS) (Germany), Mos-quitosManget (USA). In Russia (Naberezhnye Chelny) they began producing LovKom-1 - a copy of the BGS trap, which has proven itself well in Europe and America.

Fed females, together with hungry females and males, are counted in natural biotopes by mowing through vegetation with an entomological net on an elongated (up to 1.5 m) handle. Collections are carried out during the day in warm, calm weather during the period of minimal activity of the species. The indicator can be the number of mosquitoes caught by one collector during 1 hour of examination.

3.2.2.2. Quantitative recording of adults in premises

There are several methods for collecting and counting the number of mosquitoes in premises (human housing, outbuildings). If the number is low, the absolute number of insects sitting on the walls or ceilings is counted. In case of high numbers, sitting mosquitoes are counted on an area of ​​0.25-1.0 in several places in the room. The number of mosquitoes is characterized by the average number of individuals per 1 or per room.

It is characteristic that females of Ae. aegypti during the day, to a greater extent, concentrate not on the ceiling, but on walls, curtains, hanging clothes and other objects. Indoors favorite places The diaries of Aedes aegypti females are folds of curtains, wardrobes, places near water sinks. This should be taken into account when treating premises with insecticides.

3.2.3. Delivery of collected mosquitoes

To keep alive, captured mosquitoes are placed in a cage (with a wire frame in the form of a cube), covered with gauze or mill gas, covered with a damp cloth and placed in a cool place. A cotton swab soaked in sugared water is placed on the upper wall of the cage. Blood-sucking dipterans intended for virological research are delivered to the laboratory intravitally frozen in liquid nitrogen or on dry ice. The species is preliminarily determined and samples are formed for research. Part of the collection, if necessary, is fixed in 70% alcohol. Insects used for collecting are killed with ether.

Each collection of vectors is provided with a label. Other necessary information recorded in the field diary. Based on the results of the entomological survey, a report is drawn up in three copies (one copy for the Customer, one for the manager of the facility, one for the Contractor) which is signed by all participants. The report must indicate the name of the specialist who conducted the examination, collection methods, recommendations/conclusion.

Entomologists and other specialists taking part in entomological surveys in the field, when working with mosquitoes in the laboratory, and in the presence of epidemiological risks, must comply with the biological safety requirements provided for by regulatory documents.

4. Planning and carrying out insecticidal treatments

A set of measures to control the number of mosquitoes p. Aedes includes - assessment of epidemiological risks in natural biotopes and in populated areas, entomological monitoring, carrying out sanitary and preventive work and extermination measures.

The assessment of epidemiological risks in natural biotopes and in populated areas and entomological monitoring are carried out by specialists from bodies and institutions carrying out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

Sanitary preventive work and extermination measures are organized by municipal authorities, heads of organizations and enterprises, management companies, chairmen of homeowners' associations, dacha cooperatives, with the involvement of enterprises carrying out disinfection activities.

4.1. Activities to assess epidemiological risks in natural biotopes and populated areas

Measures to assess epidemiological risks in natural biotopes and in populated areas are aimed at preventing the mass production of blood-sucking mosquitoes in the territory of a populated area and in its immediate surroundings. Landscaping the territory and preventing flooding of basement (underground) premises is the main link in preventing the formation of mosquito breeding sites.

A survey of the area allows you to identify the main breeding sites for mosquitoes. In the course of observing the species composition, phenology and seasonal dynamics of the abundance of the dominant species, the timing and volume of necessary preventive preventive measures are determined.

In populated areas, reducing or eliminating mosquito breeding sites is more effective than controlling adults.

4.1.1. Precautionary measures around populated areas

Large bodies of water (natural, swamps, shallow waters, etc.) located in close proximity to populated areas, if they are breeding grounds for mosquitoes, require a set of hydraulic engineering works similar to those used to combat malaria mosquitoes, in accordance with methodological guidelines “Malaria mosquitoes and their control on the territory of the Russian Federation” (2000).

4.1.2. Preventive measures in populated areas

On the territory of populated areas, artificial reservoirs or swamps are most often formed as a result of economic activity people: quarries filled with water after excavation, swamps near water taps, water overflows, flooding of low terrain during irrigation, clogged and overgrown decorative reservoirs, ditches along highways and railway tracks, etc. The elimination of such places of mass mosquito breeding is carried out by land users of these areas. These measures include preventing the creation of standing reservoirs around water sources, clearing vegetation and leveling the banks of intra-city (village, household) reservoirs, eliminating puddles, backfilling unused quarries and ditches.

4.1.3. Precautionary measures in basements

In order to prevent flooding of basements in buildings under construction with groundwater and surface water, at the stage of design and allotment of land plots for development, the developer must pay special attention to the presence in construction projects of measures to reduce the level of groundwater, to install waterproofing at the points of entry and exit of intra-house communications , and in the basements with sandy floors- by device under engineering structures concrete gutters connected to the sewerage system. Areas with groundwater levels of 3 meters or more are considered favorable for development. With more high occurrence groundwater during construction, it is necessary to plan a set of measures aimed at reducing its level.

Operated basements of multi-storey residential and public buildings must meet the following requirements:

Have proper lighting, tightly closed entrance doors, ventilation holes sealed with removable grilles, windows glazed or sealed with fine mesh;

There should be no water, garbage, sewage, disorderly storage of household items, etc. in the basements;

Leaks, accidents and blockages of communications must be eliminated, water from the floor and from the pits at the input and output of communications must be pumped out to sewer wells, impurities have been removed, the room has been dried and ventilated;

The cement screed on the floor must be in good condition;

Blind areas and yard drains must be kept in good condition to prevent rain and melt water from entering the basements.

4.1.4. Preventive measures in summer cottages and garden plots

To reduce the number of mosquitoes in country houses, gardens, personal plots The following rules must be observed:

Cover fireproof barrels tightly with lids or tie them plastic film or change the water in barrels at least once a week. This rule should apply to any containers in which long time water is stored for irrigation and other household needs;

When watering fruit and vegetable crops, care should be taken to ensure that water does not accumulate in depressions of the relief and that long-term puddles do not form;

Economically unnecessary reservoirs should be filled up;

Eliminating small accumulations of water in places where mosquitoes may breed and preventing its accumulation. It is recommended to frequently change the water in reservoirs on personal plots (decorative containers, ponds, barrels), and swimming pools.

The implementation of these events is organized by the chairmen of dachas, garden cooperatives and partnerships, and the administration of rural settlements by conducting explanatory work with plot owners.

4.1.5. Destruction of mosquito larvae in closed reservoirs

When destroying mosquito larvae in breeding areas in water bodies closed type(flooded basements of houses, underground communications) use larvicides, both chemical and microbiological.

Before treatment, the water surface must be cleared of debris and its area determined. In basements divided into separate compartments (sections), the area water surface determined in each compartment and added accordingly required amount facilities.

Basements that are constantly flooded with water and are places of mass breeding of mosquitoes throughout the year are treated according to entomological indications.

The fight against mosquito larvae is carried out by ground methods; it is advisable to begin treatment during the period when larvae of 2-3 instars predominate.

The treatment is considered effective if, within 3-5 days after it, no live mosquito larvae of 1-3 instars are found in the sample. If the treatment efficiency is below 99%, it should be repeated.

4.2.1. Events in populated areas

In order to prevent the mass reproduction of mosquitoes in settlements with epidemiological risks of the formation of natural foci of vector-borne diseases, executive and municipal authorities, at the proposals of the bodies exercising state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, develop a plan of health measures in the city (district, region) with the participation of interested services .

Specialists of bodies and institutions carrying out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision organize the following:

Identification and registration of mosquito breeding sites in water bodies on the territory of populated areas and in basements (underground) premises in the presence of epidemiological risks, by conducting sample surveys (March - October);

Inspection of facilities based on public complaints about the presence (bites) of mosquitoes and cases of intra-house mosquito breeding.

Based on the results of the surveys and on the basis of the expert opinions received, the bodies carrying out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision issue instructions to the owners of reservoirs and basements to carry out disinfection, disinfestation and deratization work.

According to the proposals of the bodies carrying out federal state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, owners of reservoirs, with the involvement of specialized organizations, organize a study of mosquito breeding sites and carry out mosquito control measures recommended on the basis of surveys.

4.2.2. Measures regarding open water bodies

The Centers for Hygiene and Epidemiology issue a registration card for an open body of water, which is a place of constant mass breeding of mosquitoes. The registration card indicates the address, departmental affiliation of the object, form of ownership, responsible person for the sanitary condition of the facility, the area of ​​the reservoir, the duration of its existence.

The results of the survey are drawn up in the form of an expert report, which reflects the sanitary condition of the facility, the reasons for the appearance of mosquito breeding, as well as the necessary timing and volume of extermination measures.

Well-established monitoring of water bodies that are mosquito breeding sites makes it possible to clarify the distribution of breeding sites in the territory, identify the most unfavorable water bodies, and clarify the required scope of measures.

5. Extermination activities

Before the start of treatments, it is necessary to establish places of mass breeding of mosquitoes p. Aedes in the territory of a populated area and in its immediate surroundings (within a radius of 100-300 m or more). If breeding sites are located on the territory of industrial and other enterprises (institutions), the authorities carrying out sanitary and epidemiological supervision should, before processing, issue instructions to the managers of these facilities (on eliminating identified violations of sanitary rules; on carrying out additional sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures; on implementation works on disinfection, disinsection and deratization in foci of infectious diseases, as well as in territories and premises where conditions for the emergence or spread of infectious diseases exist and remain; the need to bring the territory into a condition that meets the requirements to ensure the effectiveness of treatments, which include cleaning the banks (walls) of reservoirs from vegetation, the area surrounding the reservoirs from clutter and debris).

Reservoirs to be treated must have free approaches. Basement (underground) premises must be illuminated. Processing workers must have access to all basement compartments and to tap water(for preparing solutions of the drug).

Responsibility for preparing the object for processing lies with its administration.

5.1. Measures to prevent mosquito breeding

Treatment of fishery, fishing and non-fishery reservoirs, ponds and lakes within the city limits, used for bathing people, reservoirs with domestic waterfowl in rural areas To destroy mosquito larvae, it is carried out only with microbiological preparations.

Treatment with chemical insecticides is permitted for non-fishery, non-flowing natural and artificial reservoirs of permanent and temporary existence: puddles, hollows in trees, reaches in the beds of small rivers that dry up in summer, sprinklers, pits, ditches, ditches, quarries, trenches, pits, abandoned small irrigation networks , drainages, collectors, irrigation fields, filtration, vases and vessels in cemeteries.

Should be paid Special attention for processing abandoned car tires, especially near airports.

As preventive measure Oviposition traps containing larvicides and contact poison can be used to prevent mosquito breeding.

5.2.1. Preparations for the destruction of mosquito adults and larvae

To destroy the adults and larvae of mosquitoes, insecticides belonging to different classes are used chemical compounds: pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds, carbamates, development regulators, microbiological preparations based on the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. israliensis and others. Based on active ingredients(DV) produces a large number of different preparative forms - insecticidal preparations (powders, emulsion concentrates, suspension concentrates, wettable powders, microencapsulated preparations, pastes, granules, etc.), which are registered in the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure and are used in accordance with the instructions for application. The list of insecticides is presented in Appendix 1.

The immediate choice of insecticides for treating objects is determined by the specialists performing disinfestation, depending on the type of object and time of year.

Chemical preparations: organophosphorus compounds (OPS), pyrethroids, carbamates, neonicotinoids are used as larvicides to a limited extent according to the instructions for use of the drug.

The consumption rate of working fluid (emulsion, suspension) is 100-200 ml per sq.m. (100-200 l/ha) depending on the depth of the reservoir and the degree of its overgrowth with vegetation. For reservoirs formed in basements (underground) rooms, etc., the consumption rate of the working fluid is 10-50 ml/sq.m. The duration of the larvicidal effect of the drugs is 1-4 weeks.

5.2.2. Preparations for killing adult mosquitoes

To kill winged mosquitoes p. Aedes treats the females' dens with insecticides utility rooms, barns, poultry houses, treat walls, ceilings, bottom sides feeders, niches, etc. In basements, warehouses, storage areas, etc., walls, ceilings, niches, and shelves are treated. If necessary, treat the walls and ceilings in the entrances, stairwells, attics. Before processing, it is necessary to remove cobwebs from the areas to be treated. Insecticides are used to treat vegetation surrounding water bodies of non-fishery importance. The consumption rate of the working fluid is 50-100. When treating vegetation, it should be taken into account that rain can wash the insecticide from the vegetation into the pond. The duration of the insecticidal effect of treated surfaces is 3-5 weeks.

In addition to traditional insecticides, microbiological agents, insect development regulators (IDRs): juvenile hormone analogs (JH) and chitin synthesis inhibitors (CHIs) can be used.

5.3. Treatment methods and tactics

The treatment technology is determined by the formulation of the insecticide, the equipment used, and the accessibility of the area to be treated.

Treatment of reservoirs and mosquito concentration areas in open stations carried out in accordance with regulatory documents (clauses 2.3; 2.7; 2.9) and instructions for the drug.

5.3.1. Treatment of reservoirs

For the treatment of reservoirs of commercial or fishing importance for the maintenance of waterfowl, only microbiological preparations are used, which are used in accordance with the existing guidelines (instructions) for their use. The need for repeated treatments is determined by regular control sampling. When larvae of 2-3 instars appear in the reservoir, the treatment is repeated.

For the treatment of reservoirs that do not have economic or fishery significance and are not connected to them ( wastewater treatment plants, sewage sludge, excavations, collectors, ditches, etc.), use, in addition to microbiological preparations, organophosphorus compounds, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids. To treat water bodies heavily contaminated with organic substances, the dosages of the drugs indicated in the instructions should be increased by 1.5-2 times.

To treat open bodies of water and vegetation around them, backpack spraying equipment is used, if necessary, mechanized equipment; the ULV method can be used; highly dispersed aerosols obtained from hot fog generators or cold fog generators are used.

Open bodies of water of a small area, the radius of which is equal to the spraying distance of the dispenser used, are processed completely.

Open reservoirs of a large area with a long coastline are processed along the coastline towards the center of the reservoir at a spraying distance of the disinfestation apparatus used (but not less than 2 m from the shore).

5.3.2. Basement treatment

Processing of technical basements is carried out in accordance with the rules for disinfestation of non-residential premises (clauses 2.9; 2.11). Processing of basements used for warehouses, workshops, entrances, staircases is carried out in accordance with the rules for disinfestation of residential premises. Particular care must be taken when processing food enterprises, medical institutions, children's institutions, and residential buildings.

It should be borne in mind that when treating basements with pyrotechnics, hot and cold aerosols (), they can penetrate through cracks and crevices into the first floors of the building, so these preparations should not be used in residential buildings.

Small accessible basements are treated with solutions of insecticides from hand-held and backpack equipment (automaxes, quasars, etc.). Basements with a large area and difficult to access - with the help of de-installations.

In the basements themselves, water bodies are treated first, and then the walls and ceilings with contact insecticides. Processing begins from distant and hard-to-reach compartments, moving towards the exit. The team must distribute work areas in such a way as to avoid entering areas that have already been treated. In basements, pyrotechnic tablets and checkers, which contain 5-13% permethrin, can be used to destroy adult mosquitoes. The use of other DV is not permitted (). When the composition smolders, the aerosol is evenly distributed throughout the treated room. The dosage required to treat a cubic meter of room is usually indicated on the product label. The product is installed inside the basement on fireproof surfaces (concrete, earthen or metal platforms), so that at the moment of ignition the fire does not reach flammable objects (garbage, wood, etc.). After 2 hours, the basements are ventilated. Aerosols have an acute insecticidal effect, their residual effect does not exceed 1 day. In some cases, the aerosol, settling on the surface of the reservoir, can cause the death of a certain number of larvae. But the aerosol does not have a significant larvicidal effect, and it should be used only in combination with delavation work. Before using aerosols, residents and the fire department should be warned about the upcoming treatments.

5.3.3 Treatment of other types of premises

The entrance to the entrance, staircases, are treated to a height of up to the 3rd floor (if indicated and higher).

In open rooms (verandas, terraces) anti-mosquito coils can be used to kill mosquitoes, in small rooms - electric fumigators in accordance with the rules set out on the labels and aerosol cans designed to kill flying insects ().

In rural areas, it is recommended to carry out insecticidal treatments in premises for keeping farm animals (barns, stables, etc.), which can be places where mosquitoes spend their days, and during treatment the animals must be removed from the premises, and the food and water must be covered.

5.3.4. Processing in open stations

According to epidemiological or entomological indications, the vegetation (territory) near the breeding sites or around the protected object can be treated using the ULV method or aerosols produced using generators. Cold aerosols are produced using generators. The most effective are aerosols with a dispersion of 5-20 microns. To treat the area, a large-droplet spraying mode with a particle size of 50-100 microns can be used. The travel distance of an aerosol cloud and its effectiveness, in addition to the dispersion of particles, is determined by a complex of meteorological factors (temperature inversion, wind speed, atmospheric turbulence), as well as the type of vegetation and the height of the tree stand. Treatment is carried out in accordance with the recommendations set out in the instructions for using a point aerosol generator (the generator is standing) or linear method(the generator moves). The generator speed is 3-8 km/h. Treatments are carried out at a wind speed of no more than 5 m/sec. When using several generators, they are placed in such a way that they do not smoke each other. Before starting work, it is necessary to conduct a reconnaissance of the area, take into account the direction of the prevailing winds, the terrain, prepare the generator for operation, determine the width of the working area covered by the aerosol cloud, the productivity of the generator and, depending on the type of landscape, determine the operating mode of the generator.

The consumption of the drug (concentrate) is 0.2-0.3 l/ha.

The duration of the residual insecticidal effect of aerosols when treating open spaces does not exceed 2-3 days.

Invading blood-sucking insects quickly restore their numbers in the treated areas. Subject to minor overshoot blood-sucking insects the effect of aerosol treatment can last up to 10-15 days. Treating the territory of populated areas with aerosols produced using generators is carried out only according to special epidemiological indications, since their duration of action is short, and exposure to smoke can lead to the death of non-target insects, as well as negatively affect the health of people with allergic pathologies.

5.3.5. Frequency of treatments

The frequency of treatments can be increased or decreased depending on the results of entomological control (absence or presence of mosquitoes).

For treatments in open and closed stations during the period of activity of adult mosquitoes, 4-fold treatment with drugs is recommended, which ensures 80-100% death of mosquitoes within 1-2 months (duration of drug activity). Treatments begin in April and end in November. IN cold period Closed stations are treated twice: the first in December, when the ambient air temperature drops to below +12°C, and again in March - April to prevent an increase in the number of adults with rising air temperatures. In total, within a year it is recommended to carry out 4-fold insecticidal treatment in open stations, and 6-fold insecticidal treatment in closed stations.

5.3.6. The procedure for accepting completed insecticidal work

After processing is completed, an act is drawn up in any form in triplicate, which is signed by all participants. The act must indicate the name of the drug, its consumption, the type of equipment (equipment) used and recommendations.

5.4. Larvicide rotation schemes to prevent the development of resistant mosquito populations

Below are rotation schemes for larvicides from different chemical groups with different mechanisms of action. It is advisable to carry out each subsequent treatment with a larvicide with a different mechanism of action. The use of microbiological preparations in rotation is mandatory.

5.4.1. Reservoirs of non-fishery significance (open and closed)

Organophosphorus insecticides: malathion (such as Fufanon, Fufanon super, Medilis-malathion), trichlorfon (such as Chlorofos), fenthion (such as Sulfox, Medilis-super), temephos (such as Avalon), etc.;

Microbiological agents (such as “Bacticide”, “Larviol-paste” and others);

Development regulators - inhibitors of chitin synthesis diflubenzuron (type Dimilin);

Developmental regulators - pyriproxyfen juvenoids: (NyGard type);

Pyrethroids - emulsion concentrates and wettable powders approved for these purposes;

Microbiological preparations. Currently, only two microbiological preparations are approved in our country for treating fishery reservoirs, which makes it impossible to propose larvicide rotation schemes different types actions and chemical composition for this type of reservoir.

In closed reservoirs of non-fishery significance (flooded basements, underground communications, tunnels, etc.), in addition to the above-mentioned means, the use of petroleum hydrocarbons (such as MLO, Almol MLO) is permitted. The exception is resort and recreational areas.

6. Monitoring the effectiveness of treatments

The effectiveness of treatments is assessed by an entomologist. Efficiency is assessed by comparing the number of mosquito larvae (imagoes) before and after treatment on days 3-5-7 in the same objects, or by comparing the number of mosquitoes in treated and control objects. The results obtained are assessed using the formula:

, Where

X - efficiency rating as a percentage,

The number of larvae (imago) in the object before treatment,

Number of larvae (imago) in control object before processing,

The number of larvae (imago) t days (hours) after treatment,

The number of larvae (imago) after t days (hours) in the control object.

Or the effectiveness of treatment is calculated as a percentage by the number of mosquitoes (larvae, adults) in comparison with their number before treatment.

If larvae or pupae continue to be recorded in treated reservoirs after 2 days (in basements - after a week), and winged mosquitoes are detected on basement walls and stairwells, the reason for the insufficient effectiveness of treatment is determined.

A satisfactory indicator of the quality of disinsection is the absence of pre-imaginal stages in reservoirs, the absence of adults, or the presence of single mosquitoes in open habitats and less than 1 specimen. for 1 in the basement (clause 2.3, 2.11).

The most common signs of low effectiveness of activities are:

Poor preparation of the object for disinfestation, incorrect calculation of insecticide dosages, incomplete disinsection coverage of all necessary areas, intensive influx of mosquitoes from neighboring breeding areas. In basements, these areas may include untreated compartments, bodies of water near buildings, and mosquito resistance to the insecticides used. If necessary, instructions are given to carry out repeated, selective processing of individual areas. Repeated surveys of open water bodies are carried out once every 10-12 days until the end of mosquito activity. Basements are under observation for 1 year. An object is deregistered if there is no mosquito breeding in it during the year, and the premises are not flooded with new portions of water.

Based on the results of performance monitoring, a report is drawn up in triplicate and signed by all participants. The act must indicate the name of the specialist who conducted the examination, accounting methods, and conclusion (efficiency of processing).

7. Safety precautions when working with insecticides

7.1. All persons working with insecticides must strictly observe safety precautions.

7.2. Work related to the use of insecticides, as well as their transportation, reception, release, storage and destruction must be carried out in accordance with current labor protection rules, sanitary standards and rules. Persons over 18 years of age who have been instructed on precautionary measures when working with pesticides are allowed to work.

7.3. Before the start of treatment, the work manager provides instructions on precautions during work, first aid measures, as well as ways to prevent contamination of water bodies, crops, etc. with the product.

7.4. It is prohibited to use a product that does not have a passport indicating the name of the product, date of manufacture, and content of the active substance.

7.5. Persons working with the product must be provided with the means personal protection: overalls made of thick (tarpaulin, etc.) or water-repellent fabric, capes with a hood made of polyvinyl chloride, oilcloth, rubberized or polyvinyl chloride aprons, rubber boots, technical rubber gloves (the use of medical gloves is prohibited), sealed anti-dust goggles of the “OP-3” type ", "Monoblock", respirators RU-60M, RPG-67 with a cartridge of grade A or gas masks "GP-5". Respirators should fit snugly against your face, but not squeeze it. The smell of the product under the respirator mask indicates that the gas mask cartridge is worn out and needs to be replaced.

7.6. The duration of the working day when working with the product is 4-6 hours with 10-15 minute breaks every 45 minutes in specially designated rest areas, which should be located no closer than 200 m from the treated areas, places for preparing solutions and loading areas. Before resting you need to remove work clothes, wash your hands and face with soap.

7.7. Workers are required to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene; eating, drinking, and smoking are prohibited at work. After finishing work, you must wash your hands, face and other exposed areas of the body that may have been splashed with emulsion. Take a shower at the end of your shift.

7.8. After work, work clothes are removed and ventilated. Wash when dirty, but at least once a week. Every day after work, the rubber face parts of the respirator must be thoroughly wiped with a cotton swab moistened with alcohol or a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate or laundry soap, then with clean water and dried.

7.9. Places where insecticide work is carried out are supplied with water, soap, towels and a first aid kit.

7.10. The preparation of aqueous emulsion and filling of containers is carried out at specially equipped filling points.

7.11. To avoid possible poisoning and abuse, pesticides arriving at the recipient’s address must be accepted by the persons responsible for their storage (issued by order) of the organization to which the drugs were received.

7.12. Transportation of toxic chemicals by road is permitted in serviceable containers, in closed vehicles, under a tarpaulin (oilcloth) and under the supervision of a person responsible for this.

7.13. The population using natural biotopes for grazing and walking animals, living near the treated area, must be informed through the press and radio by the municipal administration about the places and timing of the treatments carried out 10 days before the start of work.

The information should include the following information: the danger of mosquito vectors, the need for treatment, the safety of the product in the recommended mode of use for human health, the prohibition of grazing and mushroom picking in the treated area.

In order to protect apiaries from the effects of the product, it is necessary to take them to another source of honey collection at a distance of at least 5 km from the treated areas and isolate them in any way for up to 10 days after treatment.

7.14. In the event of the death of domestic animals due to suspected poisoning by insecticides, the work manager must take all measures to establish the actual cause of death of the animals, in particular, chemical analysis on the content of pesticides in the digestive tract of dead animals.

When bees die, they are also analyzed for pesticide content.

8. Normative references

8.1. the federal law“On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” No. 52-FZ of March 30, 1999

8.2. Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation dated October 22, 2004

8.3. Guide to medical disinfestation. Management. R 3.5.2.2487-09.

8.4. Sanitary rules SP 3.5.1378-03 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and implementation of disinfection activities.

8.5. SanPiN 1.2.1077-01 " Hygienic requirements to the storage, use and transportation of pesticides and agrochemicals."

8.6. SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and structures.”

8.8. SanPiN 3.5.2.1376-03 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and implementation of pest control measures against synanthropic arthropods.”

8.9. Methodical instructions. MU 3.2.3974-00 “Malaria mosquitoes and their control on the territory of the Russian Federation.”

8.10. Methodical instructions. MU 3.1.3.2600568-10 “Measures to combat West Nile fever in the Russian Federation.”

8.11. Methodical instructions. MU 3.2.2568-09 “Control of the number of blood-sucking mosquitoes in the river. Culex, the breeding places of which are located in populated areas.”

8.12. Guidelines MU 3.1.3012-12 “Collection, recording and preparation for laboratory research of blood-sucking arthropods in natural foci of dangerous infectious diseases.”

8.13. SP 3.4.2318-08 "Sanitary protection of the territory of the Russian Federation".

8.14. SP 1.3.3118-13 "Safety of working with microorganisms I-II groups pathogenicity (danger)".

Annex 1
(informative)

List
insecticides with imagocidal and larvicidal action recommended for mosquito control

Appendix 2
(informative)

Recommended means for killing winged mosquitoes in residential areas

Appendix 3
(informative)

Products intended for individual protection of people from mosquito attacks

Appendix 4
(informative)

Potts table: drift of droplets with a diameter of 100 µm

Appendix 5
(informative)

The rate of settling of water mist particles in the air

Appendix 6
(informative)

Wind speed rating table

Document overview

On March 9, 2016, Methodological Recommendations MP 3.5.2.0110-16 “Organization and implementation of activities for entomological monitoring and regulation of the number of blood-sucking mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus” came into effect.

They determine algorithms for conducting entomological surveys and measures to reduce the number of blood-sucking mosquitoes - carriers of particularly dangerous infections (dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika fever, etc.).

General information about mosquito vectors is provided. Also listed are measures to assess epidemiological risks in natural biotopes and populated areas and extermination measures.