Hygienic requirements for air-thermal conditions in educational premises. Requirements for temperature conditions in educational organizations depending on the outside temperature

School is a place where the young generation not only spends most daylight hours, but also the most interesting periods of your life. Therefore, the conditions in which young people receive their knowledge must comply with certain sanitary standards, developed taking into account the characteristics of the age groups of students, as well as the categories of premises where schoolchildren have to be.

It should be noted that in different regions of the country there are separate temperature standards may vary slightly. This process is regulated by local authorities. In our short review, we will look at indicators generally accepted in Russia and used in most regions of the country.

Temperature distribution according to standards

Initially, it is worth noting that the distribution of exchange and maximum temperature will vary from school to school. Special attention is given to places where students long time is in a state of calm (classrooms, libraries, assembly halls). This is followed by premises for active sports activities (gyms), as well as school corridors. There is a separate room where children change clothes, wash, and undergo a medical examination. Therefore, if we divide all these categories into temperature range, then we can distinguish the following level of minimum permissible temperature in schools:

• from 15 degrees is allowed in workshops, gyms, and various workshops;
• from 18 degrees is maintained in libraries, classrooms, assembly halls and toilets;
• from 19 degrees in locker rooms gym;
• from 21 degrees permissible temperature in school health centers;
• 17-21 degrees in the library;
• 16-19 degrees in the lobby and wardrobe
• from 25 degrees must be maintained in showers and swimming pools.

From SanPiN 2.4.2.576-96 Hygienic requirements to the conditions of schoolchildren's education in various types modern educational institutions

At the same time, the maximum permissible comfortable temperature level in school premises at different times of the year should not exceed 25 degrees, regardless of whether it is summer outside or severe winter. If the temperature in the school premises cannot be maintained at a level above 15 degrees, classes at school should be stopped in order to avoid hypothermia of young citizens.

It is also important to note that for normal condition V various rooms they must be constantly ventilated. At the same time, the minimum permissible level of external air temperature at which it is allowed to open windows for natural ventilation is at least 5 degrees. But if the wind speed exceeds 2 m/s, it is not recommended to open windows in rooms where children are located, even for a short time.

The procedure for periodically ventilating classrooms, gyms, locker rooms, toilets, assembly and other halls should be carried out when children are not there. This is usually done during breaks, when the audience is completely cleared of students. To avoid creating drafts, it is not recommended to open the window and outer door into the room, thereby creating significant wind currents, due to which young schoolchildren can get hypothermia (for this, such a regime for 10 minutes is enough).

During creation optimal conditions everyday life for schoolchildren it is important to monitor not only the level of external and internal temperature and maintaining the established balance, but also maintaining an acceptable level of humidity. According to the standard, it should be in the range of 40 - 60 percent. This is enough to avoid the transfer of various airborne viruses and bacteria, as well as to prevent thermal overheating due to high humidity indoor air.

When classes stop at school

Very often, especially in winter time, the administration of school institutions is taking measures to prevent the spread various diseases, as a result of which schools are simply closed for a certain period. In this case, it is necessary to highlight two main criteria when this is possible according to the regulatory documents in force at the state level.

1. The permissible threshold for a disease of the same type in a region or specific region has been exceeded educational institution. The administration has the right to close a school institution to students by introducing quarantine when the level of disease in a region of the same type of disease (usually viral diseases) exceeds 25% of the total population of such a region. Additionally, the legislator granted the right to the administration of school institutions to decide on the introduction of quarantine in the event that more than 30 - 35% of students in one class fell ill with one disease. In such cases, students' attendance at school is completely stopped.
2. When the level external temperature air weighed acceptable values. For primary school students (up to 6th grade inclusive) this is minus 25 degrees and below, while for all other schoolchildren the temperature should drop below minus 30 degrees. It should be taken into account that for the remote Northern regions there are slightly different indicators that are slightly different from the average. They are approved by local authorities. You need to understand that this level of temperature allows parents not to let their children go to school without any explanation, and they will not suffer anything for it. Schools do not close, and if any of the students still come to class, teachers are obliged to conduct lessons with such children.

What can you do to improve your comfort level?

Typically, school institutions in different regions are built according to almost identical designs. But, as practice shows, buildings of the same type, even in the same region, do not always maintain the same living conditions. There can be many reasons for this, from the banal replacement of old wooden windows, through the cracks of which cold penetrates into the room, onto new, metal-plastic ones with a high degree of tightness, before insulation external walls school institution. Replacing standard radiators with the ability to adjust the temperature helps to maintain the desired temperature very well.

All this means that quite often parents take part in various projects organized by the administration to improve the school institution. And here, given that future improvements will affect your children, it is very important to correctly decide on the choice of various devices, materials, window openings, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The life and health of the child should always come first, and only then look at everything else.

Author-compiler Alena Katyrova, 8b grade student Head Yulia Evgenievna Pavlova, physics and computer science teacher
studying the design and principle of operation of the psychrometer; observing the temperature regime of the school; observing changes in air humidity; comparing the data obtained with sanitary and hygienic standards; studying the influence of air humidity on human well-being. explore the influence of air humidity and temperature on indoor plants
the temperature and humidity of the school air corresponds to sanitary and hygienic standards; if you maintain normal air humidity in the premises, you can protect yourself from negative impacts high and low humidity affect the body; at high temperatures and low humidity, plants begin to dry out

We decided to measure the temperature in different rooms our school. We carried out measurements using a laboratory thermometer.
After conducting observations, we received the following data.
Cabinet
Temperature, 0С
november
December
January
Average value
Computer Science, 310
23
22
23
22,7
Physicists, 317
22
24
25
23,7
Gym
18
17
19
18
Dining room
25
23
25
24,3
Corridor 2nd floor
21
18
17
18,7
Library
23
23
26
24
Technologies
25
25
24
24,7
Primary classroom
23
24
24
23,7
1st floor, locker rooms
17
15
17
16,3
After conducting research and observations, we found out that the temperature regime in the school complies with sanitary and hygienic standards. Only on the ground floor near the locker rooms the temperature is slightly below normal.
Temperature t, 0С
room
Computer Science, 310
Physicists, 317
Gym
Dining room
Corridor 2nd floor
Library
Technologies
Primary classroom
1st floor, locker rooms
Measurement results
22,7
23,7
18
24,3
18,7
24
24,7
23,7
16,3
SanPins
18-24
18-24
17-20
18-24
18-24
18-24
18-24
18-24
18-24
When we talk about air humidity, we mean the amount of water vapor in the air. The intensity of moisture evaporation from the surface of human skin depends on humidity. And the evaporation of moisture has great importance to maintain body temperature constant. Air humidity can be measured different ways using a hygrometer, psychrometer, dew point.
Since within school year Since students have to spend more time at school, the humidity level plays an important role classrooms. Based on this, we decided to find out the air humidity in the school premises. We carried out measurements using a psychrometer.

A large number of students attend the first shift, which is why the humidity increases greatly by the end of the first shift. The appearance of hermetically sealed schools plastic windows led to a change in the temperature and humidity conditions of the room. Insulating the walls from the inside of the room eliminated drafts, but led to a change in the temperature and humidity conditions of the room. High relative humidity indoor air (above 60%) most often indicates poor performance of the ventilation system.
You can reduce the humidity to normal by ventilating the room; increasing the air temperature in the room, turn on the electric heater; You can also put table salt in the room, charcoal, which absorb moisture well. Quicklime also has the ability to absorb moisture from the air; the ventilation system must work properly; there are special moisture absorbers that absorb excess moisture from the air like a sponge.
Most plants are accustomed to more humid air than what surrounds them in our apartments. They suffer from a lack of water in the air much more often than from its excess. We made several observations and noticed that house flowers, if placed in a room with low humidity in winter, for example near heating systems, they begin to wither, the leaves fall off and the flower dries up.
Ventilate the room after each lesson; To increase humidity and improve air composition, increase the number of green indoor plants; install open containers with water (for example: an aquarium, decorative fountain), porous humidifiers, which, by evaporating, make the air more humid; The simplest way to bring the air humidity in the house back to normal is to use household humidifier air.

Maintaining normal air-thermal conditions in the classroom is carried out by changing the air through the vents, transoms, and window sashes.

Air humidity in the classroom (relative humidity), at the above temperatures can range from 40-60% (in winter 30-50%), it also depends on humidity climate zone. Increasing humidity increases heat transfer from the body. In warm climates, relative humidity is 30-40%; in moderate and cold temperatures it can reach up to 65%.

Indeed, with the onset of the heating season, air humidity has decreased, but in the computer science classroom it is different from the optimal parameters. In offices with big amount flowers, humidity has optimal values(room No. 21), which means it is beneficial for the health of students and teachers.

Ways to reduce humidity:

Ways to increase humidity:

• Ventilate classrooms after each lesson;
• To increase humidity and improve the air composition of classrooms, increase the number of green spaces;
• In winter, humidify the air in living areas (open containers with water, porous humidifiers).

Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: at low temperatures and high air humidity, heat transfer increases and a person experiences greater cooling.

High humidity is also bad for human health at any temperature.

The combination of high humidity and high temperature air, since this significantly worsens the thermal state of a person, reduces the efficiency of sweat evaporation and thereby makes heat transfer more difficult.

To eliminate the adverse effects of indoor air humidity, ventilation, air conditioning, etc. are used.

2.4 Solving problems on the topic “ Air humidity»

Problem 2 Air humidity is 78%, and the dry bulb reading is 12 °C. What temperature does the wet bulb thermometer show? (Answer: 10 °C.)

Problem 3 The difference in the readings of dry and wet thermometers is 4 °C. Relative humidity 60%. What are the dry and wet bulb readings? (Answer: tc-l9°С, tm= 10 °C.)

Problem 4 The difference between the readings of dry and wet thermometers is 40C. Relative humidity 60%. What are the dry and wet thermometer readings? (Answer tc=140C? tvl=100C). Problem 5 Define absolute humidity air if partial pressure the steam in it is 14 kPa, and the temperature is 333 K.

Problem 6 To dry the air in a cylinder with a capacity of 10 liters, a piece of calcium chloride was introduced into it, which absorbed water weighing 0.13 g. What was the relative humidity of the air in the cylinder if its temperature is 200C?

Problem 7 The air temperature is 18° C, and its dew point is 10° C. Find the relative humidity at 18° C. The density of saturated water vapor at 18° C is 15.4 g/m3, and at 10° C - 9.4 g/m3 .

Problem 8 At a temperature of 25° C, the relative humidity is 70%. How much moisture will be released from each m3 when the temperature drops to 16° C? The density of saturated steam at 25°C is 23 g/m3, at 16°C - 13.6 g/cm3.

Problem 9 V = 20,000 m3 of air must be supplied to the room at temperature t1 = 18° C and relative humidity φ1 = 50%. The air is taken from the street, where the temperature is t2 = 10° C, and the humidity is φ2 = 60%. How much additional water needs to be evaporated? The density of saturated steam at 18°C ​​is 15.4 g/m3, and at 10°C - 9.4 g/m3.

2.5.1. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning in educational institutions should be provided in accordance with hygienic requirements for public buildings and structures. Heat supply to buildings is provided from thermal power plants, district or local boiler houses. Steam heating not used. As heating devices radiators can be used, tubular heating elements, built into concrete panels, and the use of convectors with casings is also allowed. Heating devices are protected by removable wooden bars, located under window openings and have temperature regulators. You should not install fences made of particle boards and other polymer materials. The average surface temperature of heating devices should not exceed 80 degrees. WITH.

2.5.2. When designing a building of a general education institution air heating combined with ventilation should be provided automatic control systems for maintaining indoors in work time Design levels of temperature and relative humidity within the range of 40-60%. During non-school hours, the temperature in the room is maintained at least 15 degrees. WITH.

The air temperature maintained in the air heating system during working hours should not exceed 40 degrees. S.V classrooms Air recirculation in air heating systems is not allowed. Separate exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises(groups of rooms): classrooms and classrooms (in the absence of air heating), laboratories, assembly halls, swimming pools, shooting ranges, a canteen, a first-aid post, a cinema room, sanitary facilities, rooms for processing and storing cleaning equipment.

Air exchange in canteens is calculated to absorb excess heat generated technological equipment kitchens. The use of asbestos-cement air ducts is not permitted.

2.5.3. Stove heating allowed only in one-story, unstaffed rural institutions (no more than 50 people). The firebox is located in the corridor. Should not be installed iron stoves. To avoid indoor air pollution from carbon monoxide chimneys They close no earlier than complete combustion of the fuel and no later than two hours before the arrival of students.

2.5.4. The area of ​​transoms and windows in classrooms must be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Transoms and vents must function at any time of the year.

2.5.5. Educational areas are ventilated during breaks, and recreational areas during lessons. Before the start of classes and after their completion, it is necessary to carry out through ventilation educational premises. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions according to Table 2. On warm days, it is advisable to conduct classes with open transoms and vents.

The duration of cross-ventilation of classrooms depending on the outside temperature

2.5.6. Air temperature depending on climatic conditions should be:

• in classrooms, classrooms, laboratories - 18-20 degrees. C with their usual glazing and 19-21 degrees. C - with strip glazing;
• in training workshops - 15-17 degrees. WITH;
• in the assembly hall, lecture hall, singing class and music, club room - 18-20 degrees. WITH;
• in computer science classrooms - optimal 19-21 degrees. C, permissible 18-22 degrees. WITH;
• in the gym and rooms for sectional classes - 15-17 degrees. WITH;
• in the gym locker room - 19-23 degrees. WITH;
• in doctors' offices - 21-23 degrees. WITH;
• in recreation - 16-18 degrees. WITH;
• in the library - 17-21 degrees. WITH;
• in the lobby and wardrobe - 16-19 degrees. WITH.

2.5.7. Physical education lessons should be held in well-aerated halls. To do this, it is necessary to open one or two windows on the leeward side during classes in the hall when the outside air temperature is above +5 degrees. With and light wind. At a lower temperature and higher air speed, classes in the hall are held with open transoms, and through ventilation is carried out during breaks in the absence of students. When the air temperature in the room reaches 15-14 degrees. Ventilation of the hall should be stopped.

2.5.8. In the premises of educational institutions, relative air humidity is maintained within the range of 40-60%.

2.5.9. The toilets, kitchens, showers and workshops are equipped with exhaust ventilation. Exhaust ventilation grilles should be cleaned of dust monthly.

2.5.10. In workshops for labor training, where work on machines and mechanisms involves the allocation large quantity heat and dust, mechanical exhaust ventilation is equipped. The air exchange rate is at least 20 cubic meters. m per hour for 1 child. Machine tools and mechanisms must meet the requirements sanitary standards and have appropriate protective equipment.

Comment on the article "Requirements for air-thermal regime"

Each of us strives to eat tasty and healthy. We women try to watch calories, have enough protein in our diet, and include it in our menu. healthy foods, drink water regularly. All these actions help us stay beautiful, healthy and in good health. in great shape. An important factor in healthy eating is proper preparation food. With uncontrolled heat treatment products lose most of their useful substances. Moreover, with strong...

A beautiful set for a boy, very warm. Temperature range: up to -45, in addition to the lining there is a fur lining. The set is oversized +6

Insanely warm set for harsh winters. Temperature range: up to -45! Under the jacket there is a fur vest, which will additionally protect your baby from freezing.

Very warm set with removable fur lining. Your baby will not freeze even in the most severe frosts and strong winds. Temperature: up to -35. Insulation in the jacket: thermofiber 300g, bib overalls: thermofiber 200g.

The set includes: a jacket and overalls. handsome man's jacket delicate color, with fur lining inside. Temperature: up to -35.

Temperature range: up to -45! This is the warmest set you can find. Lining: 100% cotton + wool fur, termofinn insulation: jacket 350 g, overalls 250 g. The suits run a little big.

here is primadophilus - probiotics that are stabilized and do not require temperature conditions [link-1] regular primadophilus [link-2] can be ordered now, boxberry delivery will take only a few days, a maximum of a week...

I'm looking for something to buy for a boy instead of a tek rayma (jacket and overalls). I don't like the colors, but I don't like the price. Clothing is needed for temperatures ranging from +5 to - 15.

Therefore, if a cosmetologist tries to save a little and takes the minimum dose = manufacturer’s error + violations of thermal conditions during transportation and storage = a very short-lived effect of no more than 2 months.

The Polaris winter overalls made of membrane fabric are perfect for an active lifestyle, for playing sports and just for walking. Temperature range from +5C to -30C. The size of the overalls is +6, i.e., if the overalls say 86...

I am very concerned that my child and all children in kindergarten# 1041, which is located at: Moscow, South-Western Administrative District, st. Ivan Babushkina, 13, k2, deprived of the ability to breathe fresh air indoors. When parents ask: "Why don't you open the windows?" They answer that this is prohibited. Windows can only be opened when children are not in the group. It would seem that a humane approach, the desire to keep children warm... In fact, this is cruel to children. Children are usually...

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of work in preschool organizations. The air-thermal regime of the preschool educational institution is clearly and clearly stated there. Instructions for ventilation should be in each group.

And asking for permission to stay awake during quiet hours will immediately result in many people wanting to stay awake, the generally accepted routine of the institution will be disrupted, and besides, talk to teachers, an individual approach to the child is one of the main requirements in modern pedagogy.

Thanks to Lera, this year we were able to go on a tour of the Bolshoi Theater. An unforgettable sight! (I apologize for the quality of the photos, unfortunately, my camera was powerless to convey all the beauty:((() Founding date Bolshoi Theater is considered to be March 28, 1776, when Prince Urusov received a “privilege” to maintain performances, masquerades, balls and other entertainment for a period of ten years, signed by Catherine II. The opening of the theater took place on December 30, 1780. Theater building...

Due to the nature of my work, I am often asked the question: is it possible to install an air conditioner in a children's room so that the child does not get sick from it? My answer is: it’s possible, but not just any one; there are models of air conditioners with special functions. For example, the so-called “Smart Eye” function installed in Daikin FTXS air conditioners, when this function is turned on, the “human presence” sensor diverts air flows to the sides or upwards, so that the danger of cooled air getting on the child is reduced to zero...

Comfort... who doesn't strive for it? And how difficult it is to achieve it. Despite living in a temperate, relatively healthy climate, the weather does not always live up to expectations. And in their cozy homes we remain dependent on her whims. On summer days we cannot hide from the sultry sun. Even healthy people experience the effects of heat: dehydration and hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Their unfavorable symptoms affect our performance and...

Until the fried one bites... Pay attention to the quality! Situation.... Child from 3 to 7. Education, nutrition, daily routine, visiting I found this short description standard requirements for children's clothing for Russia... Hygienic requirements for clothing for children.

It is very convenient to cook cereals for a side dish (rice, buckwheat) in automatic mode. The jams turn out well - the temperature regime is well calculated.

I and all my friends bake simply WONDERFUL pies 06/27/2000 18:23:18, Ekaterina Abramchuk. Please tell us about the temperature regime. I’m just sorry, I’ve already turned the third bake into God knows what.