Complex projects of "smart" houses: technology, description, tasks. Practical work on computer science "smart home" Air conditioning and heating system

Annotation: This lecture is devoted to an introduction to the topic smart home. During the lecture, the differences between a smart home and a conventional one are revealed, a number of initial concepts are introduced and theoretical knowledge is given on the cable systems used to create a smart home. The lecture contains the material necessary to provide a comprehensive security system for country house. The most important feature Smart home is its advantage in economic terms. You will not only save on electricity and heat supply, but also greatly facilitate a number of standard operations.

You can download the presentation for this section of the lecture.

The concept of Smart Home (from English intelligent house) was formulated in the 1970s in Washington at the Institute Intelligent building. If we turn to the literal translation, the word “intelligent” means “intelligent”.

The demand for Smart Homes in Russia is growing every day. It is clear that this Smart Home must be beautiful, comfortable, convenient, reliable, the Smart Home must be obedient to the will of its smart owner, and most importantly, the Smart Home must intuitively respond to the actions of the owner, predict the behavior and thoughts of the owner, control and conduct business when the owner is absent. Of course, all this is exaggerated, but there is some truth in this, and not a small one. Thus, A smart home is ideas and their implementation, in the functions of the equipment and equipment selected for this purpose.. All equipment that is included in the concept " Intelligent Building"or "Smart Home", different from conventional switches, sockets, lamps, how an old TV with a channel switching knob differs from a modern one equipped with a remote control. For example, in appearance, a smart switch is practically no different from a regular one. But with one press of a key you can not only turn it on and off, but also change the brightness. Now you don’t need to pull several wires and install several switches in order to turn on lamps in groups in a chandelier or groups of lamps built into the ceiling or wall. A smart switch is different from dimmers (devices for smoothly adjusting light brightness) the fact that the light can be controlled without leaving the place, for example, sitting comfortably near a home theater, or with a book in bed. It is enough that there is a socket nearby into which a multi-channel switch is connected - a mini controller. This device allows you to control several groups of lamps simultaneously. In principle, the controller can equally well control other electrical appliances - a coffee maker, a heater, an iron. What is the scheme for calculating the cost of use Intelligent Building do not use - the system will pay for itself. It will pay off handsomely, because the damage from theft, fire, gas leak or attack on your home is much more than you will invest in equipping your home with the system Intelligent building.

On slide 5 you can see visual diagram smart home.

Let's move on to sensors and devices. You can see the classification and photographs on slides 7 – 16.

When building a “Smart Home” system, already laid wires from sockets and lamps can be used to transmit control signals to switches with intelligent filling, although, of course, it is much more convenient and functional during the period of operation or expansion of the system to have a special one laid at the time of construction along with other utility networks cable, also called bus. The presence of a bus in the future will allow you to saturate the system with everything that seems necessary without significant costs for redesign and subsequent renovation work. Even more high level Comfort will be provided by motion sensors. If you install such a sensor, the light can turn on itself when a person approaches at a distance of 6-8 meters. After a certain time, the sensor will give a signal to turn off the light (the interval can be adjusted from 1 to the N number of minutes). The convenience of such a device is obvious - you don’t have to fumble for the switch in the toilet or bathroom at night. Among other things, the sensor can be programmed to turn on the lights when it gets dark, or to turn on the emergency lighting. The sensor can be placed in front of the entrance to the house - of course, it is convenient that the porch will be illuminated, you just need to approach a certain distance. A significant plus is that the sensors can operate autonomously from batteries, so there is no need to lay additional wires.

An electromagnetic valve will increase the level of comfort and save coolants, which will not only be able to turn on the water according to your instructions by pressing a button on the remote control, or simply at a certain time. But it can also turn off the water - just plug it into the heating system, and it will turn on the coolant flow (it may not be water, but, for example, Antifreeze, or another special liquid) only when it gets cool. By installing valves in each room, it will be possible to set temperature regime separately for each room. Although this is not very relevant in the city, for houses with diesel heating the savings can be significant. To carry out remote control of devices, you need a telephone controller, which can also be used as a regular controller - it allows you to control 10 devices by phone and 8 devices from buttons. Control access is protected by code. By installing a number of sensors and a controller in the boiler room, the owner will receive such opportunities as: turning on / off the boiler not only manually, but also according to the program, as well as remotely - by phone, for example. In addition, the controller will monitor the gas pressure (if the boiler is gas), and the presence of diesel fuel, and the liquid pressure - after all, the system usually has an automatic air release valve, and water vapor leaves with the air - the pressure in the system drops, and the controller will in time command the valve to add water to the system. He will also monitor the water pressure in the water supply system, the water level in the well, and the temperature of the pipeline. All this is possible with installation required quantity sensors with which the controller collects information.

The controller can greatly facilitate the task of watering the lawn. In this case, having equipped the irrigation system with humidity, rain and temperature sensors, the owner will not have to worry that if there was no rain, the lawn will be watered as expected after sunset. If the weather is hot, then watering will be done before sunrise. The same

Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus

Educational institution

BELARUSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND RADIO ELECTRONICS

Faculty of Correspondence Studies

Department of Engineering Psychology and Ergonomics

Discipline: General systems theory

EXPLANATORY NOTE

for course work

"Smart Home" system

Introduction

A “smart” home means a system that ensures security and resource conservation.

A set of sensors continuously monitors the operation of all equipment and, thanks to the interaction of all systems, makes it possible to reduce the cost of maintaining a home and increase safety, reliability and comfort, and also saves the energy of its owners by performing daily, routine work for them.

The most popular system is the lighting and heat supply system. The second most popular system is the security system. The third important system is the home theater. It is important to take into account at the design stage various systems and lay cables for them.

In the simplest case, the system must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in the house and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. In addition, the automation of several subsystems provides a synergistic effect for the entire complex.

This is easier to understand if you imagine, for example, that the heating system can never work against the air conditioning system. And heating is carried out not only according to the weather, but also taking into account a number of other factors. Depending on the strength of the wind, according to the prediction, on the time of day (at night the comfortable temperature is lower).

Based on this, an important task is to develop a “Smart Home” scenario, i.e. programmed behavior of the smart home system for a specific event. For this purpose, a “script library” is created, i.e. options - “nobody”, “party”, “guest”, “holiday”, “morning”, “evening”, “vacation”, etc. It is also necessary to take into account the need for flexible change of scenarios.

The Smart Home scenario will be activated in response to a programmed action - pressing a remote control button, a signal from a motion sensor, a computer command, a timer, etc. IN this moment at the stage of development of the “Smart Home” - a speech recognition system.

After completing the design, installation and programming of the system in your home, you receive a monitor with a touch screen no larger than a laptop screen. It presents everything in a convenient form necessary funds home management. The system can even be controlled via the Internet.

1. System composition model

1 Determination of inputs and outputs of the object under study

We study the system, abstracting from it internal composition, as something whole, interacting with the environment at its inputs and outputs. To do this, we use the “black box” method. This method allows you to predict the behavior of the system at the development stage and identify risks without spending large financial and labor resources.

The main goal of the system is " smart House"is to reduce the cost of maintaining the house, additional goals are minimal human participation, as well as an elusive goal - the comfort of the person in the house. Essential connections between the system and objects environment- people, telecommunications and telemetry.

The model's outputs describe the results of the system's activities, and the inputs describe resources and limitations.

The graphical model of the “black box” of the “smart home” system is shown in Figure 1.

Here are ways to eliminate the shortcomings of the smart home system:

To prevent corrosion, it is necessary to maintain optimal or valid parameters microclimate, as well as carry out preventive maintenance of telemetry equipment located on the street;

it is necessary to ensure effective grounding to prevent the automation from leaving the circuit when struck by lightning, and also to include in the system protective shutdown devices that operate in the event of a short circuit;

It is necessary to ensure regular maintenance to eliminate the possibility of contamination of the controllers and central control system and, as a result, failure.

Figure 1. Black box model of a smart home system.

2 Analysis of the composition of the object

Let us consider the internal component of the “black box” model, from which we abstracted above. To do this, it is necessary to build a model of the system composition. It is limited from below by what is considered an element, and from above by the boundary of the system. Upon closer examination, we can divide the “smart home” system into subsystems, which in turn are divided into elements. This division is subjective and depends on the level of detail in the consideration of the system. Below, Figure 2 shows a model of the composition of the smart home system.

Figure 2. Model of the smart home system composition

1.3 Purpose and characteristics of the component elements of the object

A modem is a device for communication between a computer (which controls the entire smart home system) and a user outside the home.

Mini-computer - designed to perform calculations, control battery life“smart home”, as well as for human control of system components. Must have a reserve of RAM for analyzing large volumes of telemetry, as well as a good processor resource for processing telemetry data in the shortest possible time.

Concentrator - necessary to concentrate all signals from the controllers. A hub for 8 ports is enough.

Control panel - designed to control smart home scenarios. Must have a large reserve of battery life and sufficient range. A tablet or phone with the software installed will do. This will allow us to unify the element.

A universal control unit - necessary for collecting telemetry parameters, transferring them to a mini-computer and turning on executing units, is selected based on the tasks being performed, and is easily programmed for the required task.

Circulation pump- necessary for circulating hot heating water throughout the house, selected in relation to the volume and number of floors of the heated room.

Air conditioning - performs the function of both supply and exhaust ventilation, humidifies the air, and maintains the set temperature.

Heating of gutters - a heating element for supporting storm system in working order during the winter months.

Gas boiler - provides the necessary water temperature to heat the house.

Water shut-off device - necessary for emergency shutdown of water supply.

Gas supply shut-off device - necessary for emergency shutdown of gas supply.

Residual power cut-off device - necessary for emergency shutdown of electricity supply.

Brightness adjustment - necessary to adjust the brightness of the lighting to a more comfortable one at the moment.

Meteorological sensor - necessary to determine the meteorological parameters of the environment.

Gloom sensor - determines the degree of illumination and transmits information to the controller.

Temperature sensor - determines the temperature in the room and transmits information to the controller.

CO2 leak sensor - detects the presence in the air carbon monoxide and transmits information about this to the controller.

Water leakage sensor - detects water leakage when pipes or shut-off valves break and transmits information about this to the controller.

System overload sensor - detects and transmits information about overload of the home power supply system for emergency shutdown.

Motion sensor - determines the location within the motion sensor and transmits information to turn on (off) the lighting.

2 System structure model

1 Definition of elements and relationships between them

In order for the system to function and fulfill the tasks assigned to it, it is necessary to correctly connect all the parts together, or, generally speaking, to establish certain connections - relationships - between the elements. The list of essential connections between system elements is called a system structure model. Communication, from the point of view of the structure of the system, forms this very structure.

The system structure model of the smart home system under consideration is presented in Table 1

Table 1 - Model of the structure of the “smart home” system

2 Analysis of connections between system elements

For connections directed in one direction, for example, a sensor - a universal control unit, we select a two-wire copper pair, this is enough to transmit information from the sensor to the control unit.

For two-way connections not related to the transfer of a large amount of information, four-wire copper is suitable twisted pair.

To exchange information between the control unit and the hub we use network cable, which allows data transfer large quantity information.

To transmit a concentrated flow of information, optical fiber is suitable; it will allow you to quickly transmit all information.

The relationships presented are dynamic. It should also be noted that the “hub” element is essentially a connection between universal control units that collect information and transmit it to the minicomputer and back, when the minicomputer transmits its reaction to the parameters transferred to it.

System block diagram

1 Development of a block diagram of the device

The block diagram of the device is a combination of the “black box” model, the system composition model and the system structure. In essence, we open the black box and move from the “input-output” model to a “living” model in which the composition of the system and the interaction of all elements of the system matter, and not just the interaction of the system with the environment.

The structural diagram of the system reflects the composition of the system and connections, and also displays the direction of these connections, which reflects the dependence of the system blocks on each other.

Before modeling internal structure, that is, before you type and connect components with each other, you need to determine and understand why these components are needed (so as not to include unnecessary components and connections between them). Based on this, the functions of the components must first be prescribed, then the sequence of component functions necessary for the manifestation of the integrative property of the system is prescribed.

Thus, all previous constructed models led us to the construction of a meaningful structural diagram of the “smart home” system, discarding all unnecessary elements and subsystems.

The block diagram of the smart home system is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Block diagram of the smart home system

3.2 Development of a hierarchical device structure

The operation of the entire system is controlled by a minicomputer. It is the main element of the system, responsible for logic and information processing. In turn, the minicomputer reacts to the readings of the sensors transmitted to it and, accordingly, makes decisions to turn on certain execution units, and also implements the system behavior scenarios embedded in it.

The universal control unit in all presented subsystems processes the information transmitted from the sensors and transmits it further to the minicomputer, which will make a decision on action. The universal unit, in turn, after receiving a response from the minicomputer based on the processed sensor data, will implement the adopted decision of the minicomputer (for example, it opens the electric valve and turns on the gas boiler until the temperature in the house rises).

To react to the environment, we need to record changes in the environment; sensors are designed for this (temperature sensor, gas leak sensor, water leak sensor, etc.). It is the sensors that react to changes in the environment and provide information on the basis of which the logic of the minicomputer is built.

System control can be described using the following strata: response of sensors to changes in the environment -> generation of a signal from the universal control unit to the minicomputer -> decision making by the minicomputer and generation of a response signal -> reception of the signal by the universal control unit -> implementation of logic.

4. Description of the system operation

The security subsystem monitors water leakage, carbon monoxide leakage and system overload, as in the climate subsystem, all data collected from sensors is transmitted to a minicomputer, which in turn processes it and makes a decision to turn off the supply of water, gas or electricity smart home subsystem

The lighting control subsystem collects information about the amount of light, as well as the presence of a person, and depending on the collected information, a mini-computer using a lighting brightness control allows you to select the most comfortable and cost-effective lighting mode.

The control panel allows you to intervene in automated control home and set the desired parameters, for example, increase the temperature in the house. You can also program the house for certain scenarios using the remote control. For example, by a certain time, increase the temperature in the house, thus, it will be possible to save heating resources when there is no one in the house and achieve comfortable temperature, by the time when the owners are scheduled to return home. You can also set lighting scenarios: party, vacation, vacation, etc. The only subsystem that cannot be controlled remotely is the security control system; it must function autonomously to avoid the human factor.

Conclusion

The system developed in the course project is cost-effective and also quite easy to implement. In the course of this work, I identified and refined weak sides systems.

Thanks to the step-by-step design from the “black box” model to the construction of a structural diagram of the system, all the nuances of the system were taken into account.

On initial stage when designing the “black box” model, goals and tasks were set that the system should perform, which made it possible to concentrate on certain of its functions and neglect others, to set the level of detail and abstraction. This made it possible not to waste time on working out unnecessary and insignificant details for the selected level of detail.

Having further determined the composition of the system, we were able to concentrate on what the system consists of, on its individual subsystems and elements. Having further defined the connections, we received a complete and fully functional one, relative to the selected level of detail.

As a result, we practically confirmed the importance of building “black box” models, the composition of the system, the structure of the system and the structural diagram of the system to save time, resources and a more thorough study of the system with the selected level of detail, which allows you to design a better and more perfect system, but you must remember that an error committed at an earlier stage will have a more serious impact on the system.

Bibliography

Gulyakina N.A. General theory of systems [Electronic resource]: electronic educational and methodological complex. - Mn.: BSUIR, 2007 (Department of Intellectual information technologies)

Ergatic systems. A manual on the discipline “Ergatic systems” for students. all forms of training special 1-58 01 01 Engineering and psychological support of information technologies and 1-40 05 01-09 Information systems and technologies (in providing industrial safety). / L.P. Pilinevich, N.V. Shcherbina, K. D. Yashin. - Minsk: BSUIR, 2015. - 92 p.

Guidelines for implementation independent work № 1.

Subject: Smart House

Target: learn independently, work with the proposed material, learn to systematize and summarize information on a topic, draw up a supporting summary of the studied material

Number of hours: 2

Type of work: studying the topic, developing a summary on the topic of independent work

Questions (tasks):

General information

Unified building management system

Technologies.

Smart home functions

Make notes on the issues studied, write them down on A4 paper in handwritten form and submit them for verification.

Smart home Smart House) - House modern type, organized for the convenience of people living with the help of high-tech devices. Electronic household appliances in a smart home can be combined into a home Universal Plug’n’Play network with the ability to connect to public networks.

The concept of a “smart home” was formulated by the Intelligent Building Institute in Washington in the 1970s: “A building that provides productive and efficient use of work space...”

It is worth separating the concepts of “smart home” and “life support systems”. Individual systems only have the necessary control and monitoring interfaces. The concept of an “Intelligent Building Management System” presupposes a new approach to organizing the life support of a building, in which, due to a complex of software and hardware, the operating efficiency and reliability of control of all operating systems and actuators of the building significantly increases.

The main feature of an intelligent building is the integration of individual subsystems various manufacturers into a single managed complex.

A “smart home” should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in a building and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. English word intelligent, literally meaning “reasonable”, “understanding”, in combination with the word building is used to mean “flexible, adaptable”.

“Smart home” in its original sense means “a building ready for change” or “an adaptable (flexible) building” engineering systems which can ensure adaptation to possible changes in the future.

The building is designed in such a way that all its control systems can be integrated with each other minimal costs, and their service would be organized in an optimal way. The project necessarily assumes the ability to expand and modify the configurations of installed systems.

Over time, the buildings will acquire " artificial intelligence" Then we can rightfully call them intellectual. The systems will be able to monitor the operation and condition of the entire “filling” of the building, including enclosing structures, and independently make decisions in changing circumstances.

The term “smart home” usually means integration into unified building management system the following systems:

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system

Security and fire alarm, access control system to premises, control of water leaks, gas leaks

CCTV system

Communication networks (including telephone and the local network building)

Lighting system

Building power supply system (automatic transfer switch, industrial UPS, diesel generators)

Mechanization of the building (opening/closing gates, barriers, electric heating of steps, etc.)

Control of audio, video equipment, home theater, multiroom from one place

Telemetry - remote monitoring of systems

IP monitoring of an object - remote control of systems over a network

GSM monitoring - remote reporting of incidents in a home (apartment, office, facility) and control of home systems via telephone (in some systems, you can receive voice instructions on planned control actions, as well as voice reports on the results of actions).

Today, technology allows you to build home automation component by component - selecting only those smart home functions that are really needed. The modular structure allows you to create systems without high cost, with a 100% usage guarantee.

One of the oldest and most odious projects is Bill Gates' cottage. This project, like a lot of science fiction literature, has given rise to a huge number of myths about the “smart home”.

In 1995, developers of Java technologies predicted that one of the main purposes for this technology would be to increase the intelligence of household appliances - for example, the refrigerator itself would order groceries from the store. This idea has not received industrial distribution, but companies such as Miele and Siemens are already producing household appliances with the possibility of inclusion in a “smart home”. True, these solutions are based on QNX, not Java.

But the function of turning off all the lights with one button, as well as the ability to turn them on and off from different places, is now actively implemented in almost all home automation projects.

Smart home as home automation is developing not only in Russia. All technologies and systems that are used in Russia are developed and produced in Europe, the USA and China. The main difference seems to be in the purpose and approach of the installers.

In Europe, automation projects for private houses and apartments are prepared by the developer and manufacturer of the systems themselves, while the installer is assigned the role of virtually ordinary, but qualified installers, working strictly according to the scheme.

In Russia, the installer is the most important figure in creating a smart home. As a rule, he works with many manufacturers of automation systems, this allows him to select the most optimal system for solving the tasks assigned to automation. After that, he himself is engaged in the design, installation, sale and launch of the built smart home.

Technologies

LanDrive is the most accessible platform today for building bus distributed control systems for internal and street lighting, power loads, electrical appliances, as well as systems such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, security alarms, access control and water leaks. It is also possible to control audio and video equipment, home theaters, blinds, roller shutters, curtains, gates, pumps, and motors. Mainly focused on use as part of a “smart home”, but in Lately increasingly used in systems for accounting and saving energy resources, access control, security and fire systems.

LCN is a German automation system for both home and industrial automation. Fully distributed intelligence. The transmission medium is a regular electrical wire with a core cross section of 1.5 or 2.5 mm2. Control of almost any equipment is realized. Optimal price/feature ratio.

iRidium Mobile is a software package for managing smart home systems with mobile devices iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and any devices running Windows XP/7, Windows mobile/Ce.

BPT is a distributed intelligence home automation system using a closed data transfer protocol. The bus uses standard UTP twisted pair cable. Control of lighting, home automation, air conditioning, heating, engineering and burglar alarm, intercom. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

MyHome SCS Integrates via an OpenWebNet gateway with systems from various manufacturers.

EIB (European Installation Bus).

In a properly designed smart building, structured cabling systems and building automation equipment are independent of each other. The end user does not need to worry about whether there is TV socket or telephone. Cable systems universal and unified. That is, the purpose for the outlet can be thought of later. You can also then select the final implementation of the automation system (be it EIB, C-BUS, X-10 or anything else). Technologies exist and are becoming widespread for dynamically controlled “switching” of the assignment of connection end points (for example, sockets). In a split second telephone socket turns into television. The user only has to connect the connecting cables to other end equipment (change the telephone patch cord to a television one).

C-Bus (protocol) - protocol for home automation and building automation, sports facilities etc. [source not specified 324 days] C-Bus is a distributed intelligence system (without a central processor) using Cat.5 cable, the length of which in one segment can be 1000 m. Such segments Up to 255 can be combined into one system. The network uses 36 V alternating current. The C-Bus protocol is used in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East, Russia, the USA, South Africa, the UK and other parts of Europe including Greece, the Baltics, Romania and other countries. In the US, C-Bus is marketed under the "SquareD Clipsal" brand. The C-Bus protocol was created by Clipsal Integrated Systems for use in home automation systems and building lighting control systems.

Helvar - uses the DALI and DSI protocol for lighting control systems.

AMX is a centralized home automation system of the company of the same name. The protocols are closed. Initially, our own data transmission buses were used. The new AMX equipment lines use standard Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Zigbee protocols for transmission. Has gateways for interfacing with other systems (EIB, LON, etc.).

Crestron is a protocol for controlling automation systems and multimedia systems. [source not specified 324 days] Developed by Crestron (USA). The protocol is closed. The main competitor is AMX (USA).

X10 is a protocol for controlling electrical appliances. The signal is transmitted via electrical wires or in the radio range. Flaws - low speed information transmission and noise immunity, problem false alarm, absence feedback receiver and transmitter, conflicts between X10 devices are possible different manufacturers and unauthorized access to X10 devices over the electrical network.

Z-wave is a patented wireless communication protocol developed for home automation, in particular for monitoring and control of residential and commercial facilities. The technology uses low-power and miniature radio frequency modules that are embedded in consumer electronics and various devices such as lighting, heating, access control, entertainment systems and home appliances.

LUXOR - local lighting and climate control system. Use regular electrical cable and switches. The system is manufactured by Theben AG. The protocol is closed. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

Smart Bus is a bus developed in Canada. This system smart home is an ideal combination of price-quality ratio.

ONE-NET - open protocol wireless network data transmission, developed for the purposes of building automation and distributed facility management.

R-BUS is a bus developed jointly by Russian and Chinese enterprises with an open data transfer protocol, designed for automation of large and small structures.

DOMINTELL is a centralized home, office and hotel automation system. Uses RS485 interface for data exchange between modules. There are Ethernet TCP, UDP, RS232, B&O, DMX (light control) gateways. Open system of control commands "Light Protocol". It was developed in 1999 in Belgium.

There are two different principles building similar systems: centralized (for example, IHC from Lexel) and decentralized based on the installation bus (EIB, LonWork, Crastron, etc.)

Smart home functions include

Light control

Light control allows the user to create light scenarios from an unlimited number of light sources with different brightnesses, turn them on simultaneously or with a delay, simulating, for example, the effect of “running lights”.

Using special light dimmers, you can not only change the brightness at which the lamp lights up when turned on, but also the time during which this brightness will be achieved.

The constant light control function is intended mainly for office premises and makes it possible to maintain the user-specified illumination of the working surface, regardless of whether the sun is shining or the sky is covered with clouds.

Automatic switching on of outdoor lighting depending on the time of day and the presence of people will not only provide additional comfort, but will also scare away uninvited guests.

Microclimate control

The system constantly measures the temperature individually in each room and maintains it at the level you set, directly controlling the radiator valves or air conditioning dampers, and, if necessary, automatically turning the ventilation on or off.

EIB helps you save every day cash thanks to various operating modes of the system: comfort mode, night mode, “no one in the house” mode. Modes change according to a schedule or at the user’s command. You only need to set the room temperature on the touch panel display once for each mode.

The heating/air conditioning system will turn off automatically to save energy if the room's windows are opened for ventilation (a signal for this will be sent by the frame contact).

IN summer time their slats automatically rotate at a certain angle and prevent excess from entering the room sunlight without reducing the luminous flux. Thus, they prevent the room from heating up and help save energy consumed by the air conditioner.

A smart home keeps a record of all the events that happened in it during your absence: who came and when, how long they stayed in the house, what suspicious individuals hovered around it for a long time. Their faces and actions are recorded in his memory.

Uninvited guests will face unpleasant surprises in the form of blinding lights and a sound siren. In addition, the user will be notified by phone about their entry into the House and the security will be called.

Emergency situations.

Whenever emergency situations(for example, water leaks) The house will not only inform the user and the relevant service, but will also take the necessary measures to localize the accident (stop the water supply).

Presence effect

In the absence of the user, the House can imitate the usual lifestyle of the owners, turning on lights and music in the evenings, thereby creating the effect of presence.

As a conclusion, I would like to note that the Smart Home system is integrated system home automation using a huge range of functions. The system is relatively popular in all countries of the world. The system includes control functions for such systems as lighting, ventilation, security system, system fire safety, water leakage protection system, heating system, etc. The system works thanks to platforms for building bus distributed control systems for the above systems, such as LanDrive, LCN, iRidium Mobile, BPT, MyHome SCS, EIB.

Questions for self-control:

What is meant by the term “Smart Home”?

What systems go into a unified building management system?

What types of technologies do you know?

What smart home functions do you know?

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ , Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

http://www.bestreferat.ru/referat-236613.html Bank of abstracts

Smart House (English: Smart House) is a modern residential building, organized for the convenience of people’s living with the help of high-tech devices. Electronic household appliances in a smart home can be combined into a home Universal Plug’n’Play network with the ability to connect to public networks. Contents

The concept of a “smart home” was formulated by the Intelligent Building Institute in Washington in the 1970s: “A building that provides productive and efficient use of work space...”

The main feature of an intelligent building is the integration of individual subsystems from various manufacturers into a single controlled complex.

A “smart home” should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in a building and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. The English word intelligent, literally meaning “reasonable”, “understanding”, in combination with the word building is used to mean “flexible, adaptable”.

“Smart home” in its original sense means “a building ready for change” or “an adaptable (flexible) building”, the engineering systems of which are capable of adapting to possible changes in the future.

The building is designed in such a way that all its control systems can be integrated with each other at minimal cost, and their maintenance can be organized in an optimal way. The project necessarily assumes the ability to expand and modify the configurations of installed systems.

Over time, buildings will gain “artificial intelligence.” Then we can rightfully call them intellectual. The systems will be able to monitor the operation and condition of the entire “filling” of the building, including enclosing structures, and independently make decisions in changing circumstances.

The term “smart home” usually refers to the integration of the following systems into a unified building management system:

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system

Security and fire alarm system, access control system to premises, control of water leaks, gas leaks

CCTV system

Communication networks (including telephone and building LAN)

Lighting system

Building power supply system (automatic transfer switch, industrial UPS, diesel generators)

Mechanization of the building (opening/closing gates, barriers, electric heating of steps, etc.)

Control of audio, video equipment, home theater, multiroom from one place

Telemetry - remote monitoring of systems

IP monitoring of an object - remote control of systems over a network

One of the oldest and most odious projects is Bill Gates' cottage. This project, like a lot of science fiction literature, has given rise to a huge number of myths about the “smart home.” [source not specified 418 days]

In 1995, developers of Java technologies predicted that one of the main purposes for this technology would be to increase the intelligence of household appliances - for example, the refrigerator itself would order groceries from the store. This idea has not received industrial distribution, but companies such as Miele and Siemens are already producing household appliances with the ability to be included in a “smart home”. True, these solutions are based on QNX, not Java.

In Russia, the installer is the most important figure in creating a smart home. As a rule, he works with many manufacturers of automation systems, this allows him to select the most optimal system for solving the automation tasks assigned to him. After that, he himself is engaged in the design, installation, sale and launch of the built smart home.

Technologies

LanDrive is the most accessible platform today for building bus-based distributed control systems for indoor and outdoor lighting, power loads, electrical appliances, as well as systems such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, security alarms, access control and water leaks. It is also possible to control audio and video equipment, home theaters, blinds, roller shutters, curtains, gates, pumps, and motors. It is mainly focused on use as part of a “smart home”, but recently it is increasingly used in systems for accounting and saving energy resources, access control, and security and fire systems.

iRidium Mobile is a software package for managing smart home systems from mobile devices iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and any devices running Windows XP/7, Windows mobile/Ce.

BPT is a distributed intelligence home automation system using a closed data transfer protocol. The bus uses standard UTP twisted pair cable. Control of lighting, home automation, air conditioning, heating, engineering and security alarms, and intercom is implemented. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

MyHome SCS Integrates via an OpenWebNet gateway with systems from various manufacturers.

EIB (European Installation Bus).

UBI (Universal Bus Interface). This interface provides combined transmission over twisted pair (UTP, FTP) of smart home control signals, Ethernet signals (computer network, digital video surveillance, digital television and telephony, Internet). Its idea and roots go back to the concept of open systems interaction based on the international multi-level ISO OSI model. In the future, all buildings will become intelligent and will be interconnected. According to most experts [source not specified 418 days], the OSI open systems interaction model is ideal for combining into a single whole the solutions and technologies of various manufacturers of electronic equipment, be it the electronics of a washing machine, home theater, building ventilation system or car. Already, many manufacturers (for example, Legrand) of equipment for engineering networks of intelligent buildings are making considerable efforts to unify cable systems for different technologies and different purposes. The concept of “Optimal Networks” was introduced. [source not specified 418 days] In a properly designed intelligent building, structured cabling systems and building automation equipment are independent of each other. The end user does not need to worry about whether there is a TV or telephone socket in a particular location. Cable systems are universal and unified. That is, the purpose for the outlet can be thought up later. You can also then select the final implementation of the automation system (be it EIB, C-BUS, X-10 or anything else). Technologies exist and are becoming widespread for dynamically controlled “switching” of the assignment of connection end points (for example, sockets). In a split second, a telephone socket turns into a television socket. The user only has to connect the connecting cables to other end equipment (change the telephone patch cord to a television one).

C-Bus (protocol) - a protocol for home automation, as well as automation of buildings, sports facilities, etc. [source not specified 324 days] C-Bus is a distributed intelligence system (without a central processor) using a 5- cable category (Cat.5), the length of which in one segment can be 1000 m. Up to 255 such segments can be combined into one system. The network uses 36 V AC. The C-Bus protocol is used in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East, Russia, the USA, South Africa, the UK and other parts of Europe including Greece, the Baltics, Romania and other countries. In the US, C-Bus is marketed under the "SquareD Clipsal" brand. The C-Bus protocol was created by Clipsal Integrated Systems for use in home automation systems and building lighting control systems.

Helvar - uses the DALI and DSI protocol for lighting control systems.

AMX is a home automation system of the company of the same name. [source not specified 324 days] Centralized. The protocols are closed. Initially, our own data transmission buses were used. The new AMX equipment lines use standard Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Zigbee protocols for transmission. Has gateways for interfacing with other systems (EIB, LON, etc.).

X10 is a protocol for controlling electrical appliances. The signal is transmitted through electrical wires or in the radio range. Disadvantages - low information transfer speed and noise immunity, the problem of false alarms, lack of feedback from the receiver to the transmitter, possible conflicts between X10 devices from different manufacturers and unauthorized access to X10 devices over the power network.

LUXOR [source not specified 324 days] - local lighting and climate control system. Uses regular electrical cable and switches. The system is manufactured by Theben AG. The protocol is closed. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

Smart Bus[unspecified source 258 days] - a bus developed in Canada. This smart home system is ideal in terms of price-quality ratio.

ONE-NET is an open wireless data network protocol developed for building automation and distributed facility management.

R-BUS is a bus developed jointly by Russian and Chinese enterprises with an open data transfer protocol, designed for automation of large and small structures.

DOMINTELL is a centralized home, office and hotel automation system. Uses RS485 interface for data exchange between modules. There are Ethernet TCP, UDP, RS232, B&O, DMX (light control) gateways. Open system of control commands “Light Protocol”. It was developed in 1999 in Belgium.

There are two different principles for constructing such systems: centralized (for example, IHC from Lexel) and decentralized based on the installation bus (EIB, LonWork, Crastron, etc.)

Smart home functions include

Light control

Using special light dimmers, you can not only change the brightness at which the lamp lights up when turned on, but also the time during which this brightness will be achieved.

Automatic switching on of outdoor lighting depending on the time of day and the presence of people will not only provide additional comfort, but will also scare away uninvited guests.

Microclimate control

Every day, EIB helps you save money thanks to various system operating modes: comfort mode, night mode, “no one in the house” mode. Modes change according to a schedule or at the user’s command. You only need to set the room temperature on the touch panel display once for each mode.

The heating/air conditioning system will turn off automatically to save energy if the room's windows are opened for ventilation (a signal for this will be sent by the frame contact).

In the summer, their slats automatically rotate at a certain angle and prevent excess sunlight from entering the room without reducing the luminous flux. Thus, they prevent the room from heating up and help save energy consumed by the air conditioner.

Emergency situations.

In the event of an emergency (for example, a water leak), the House will not only inform the user and the relevant service, but will also take the necessary measures to localize the accident (stop the water supply).

Presence effect

In the absence of the user, the House can imitate the usual lifestyle of the owners, turning on lights and music in the evenings, thereby creating the effect of presence.

As a conclusion, I would like to note that the Smart Home system is a comprehensive home automation system using a huge number of functions. The system is relatively popular in all countries of the world. The system includes control functions for such systems as lighting, ventilation, security system, fire safety system, water leakage protection system, heating system, etc. The system works thanks to platforms for building bus distributed control systems for the above systems, such as LanDrive, LCN, iRidium Mobile, BPT, MyHome SCS, EIB.

The relevance of the thesis is setting up a voice interface in the automated Smart Home system is associated with the ability to control all existing engineering systems in the house: power supply, lighting, heating, ventilation, etc. Almost everyone can be controlled by voice electronic device, any electronic system and any functions, scenarios and scenes in the house.

The purpose of the thesis is to study in detail the setup of the voice interface, types of qualifications, as well as the creation of a device for a visual aid to the operation of the voice interface in the automated “Smart Home” system.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

conduct a detailed analytical review of the automated Smart Home system

The subject of the study is the analysis of the use and configuration of voice control.

Research methods. Analytical and practical methods were used to study this topic.

The first chapter discusses the classification of voice interface systems in the automated Smart Home system, their advantages and disadvantages, engineering systems, and lighting control systems. Speech synthesis and recognition were also studied in detail. A schematic and functional diagram of the device has been developed.

The second chapter describes safety precautions when maintenance computer equipment, equipment requirements for the technician’s workplace and fire safety requirements.

Chapter 1. Technical part. Setting up a voice interface in an automated smart home system

1.1 Analytical review

1.1.1 Automated “Smart Home” system

Imagine the picture: you enter home, the lights automatically turn on and a pleasant voice greets you. You casually throw a phrase towards the microphone: “Home, turn on my computer.” After a few seconds, you hear the usual rustling of your PC’s coolers.

We have all ever seen similar pictures in foreign science fiction films and dreamed: “Someday this will happen here too.” I hasten to please you - something similar to what you saw can be realized now and without enormous costs.

“A smart home (English: digital home) is a residential automated house of a modern type, organized for the convenience of people’s living with the help of high-tech devices. A “smart home” should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in a building and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. The main feature of an intelligent building is the integration of individual subsystems into a single controlled complex. An important feature and property of the “Smart Home” that distinguishes it from other methods of organizing living space is that it is the most progressive concept of human interaction with living space, when a person sets the desired environment with one command, and automation, in accordance with external and internal conditions, sets and monitors the operating modes of all engineering systems and electrical appliances. In this case, there is no need to use several remote controls when watching TV, dozens of switches when controlling lighting, separate units when controlling ventilation and heating systems, video surveillance and alarm systems, gates and more. In a house equipped with a Smart Home system, it is enough to select one of the scenarios with one click on a wall key (or remote control, touch panel, etc.). The house itself will adjust the operation of all systems in accordance with your wishes, time of day, your position in the house, weather, external lighting, etc. to ensure a comfortable state inside the house.

Regardless of the application, be it a building, an assembly shop or a subway train, the goal of implementing such systems is to reduce operating costs, ensure important information, increasing safety and comfort. To understand how much automation capabilities have changed in recent years and how they will continue to change, it is important to understand the significance of some of the technological breakthroughs that have occurred in recent years. Developers do not stand still. How far they will go in just a few years can only be predicted by looking back.

Networks of minicomputers, and then cheap personal computers, which were nevertheless capable of solving quite complex problems, became widely developed. professional tasks. True, there were many serious obstacles on the path of technological progress. Not only were automation systems for various purposes autonomous, but systems from different manufacturers with similar control functions were, as a rule, incompatible with each other. The development companies used their own closed communication protocols and did not provide interfaces for interaction with systems from other manufacturers. Being the property of separate companies, the respective automation products and technologies were difficult to integrate with each other. To solve this problem, expensive technical solutions were required that involved writing new software, changing the network topology, and purchasing additional components.

Thus, at a certain point, objective prerequisites for the successful implementation of new approaches in the field of automation developed in the market.

As a comprehensive solution to the problem, Intelligence Buildings (intelligent buildings) first appeared, the basis of which was structured cable networks. The system made it possible to switch and use the same cable for the needs of a PBX, computer network, security system, etc. Then multiplexing systems for communication channels began to appear, allowing various information to be transmitted simultaneously over one cable. Rapidly developing computer science made it possible to speed up this work when it became clear to everyone that any design for a building’s cable system would become obsolete by the time construction was completed.

Since the development of this area seemed more than extremely profitable, considerable funds were spent on it, and as a result, the idea of a “Smart Home” appeared. A typical example of such a building is shown in Fig. 1.

A “smart home” is a complex of electronics that operates inside or outside the house and performs centralized control of all (or almost all) engineering systems. Engineering systems mean all the technical equipment of the house (from sewerage to audio-video equipment). The idea of a “smart home” is that a single set of electronics coordinately controls the operation of all engineering support in the house.

It is very important that the algorithms for interaction of subsystems in the house are flexible and can adapt to the changing needs of the home owner. In this thesis, some text fragments are missing or replaced with text that does not correspond to the topic of this thesis. Some are missing or mismatched necessary formulas, calculations, charts and tables. To receive the original version of the work, write to the email address indicated at the end of the thesis, in the conclusion. The most important axiom of a “smart home” is that the control system and its engineering subsystems must be built according to the block principle. This means that each subsystem must be able to operate autonomously so that its operation can be debugged and maintained by disconnecting the equipment from central control.

Fig.1. "Smart Home" layout

A “smart home” has a number of advantages: it allows you to save up to 10-18% of electricity, increase comfort and safety, etc.

The operating principle of a “smart” home consists of a central computer that receives signals from command devices, then these signals are transmitted to executive systems. Various devices are controlled by a simple automation system.

The problem of creating a “smart home” was first solved in 1978 by X10 USA and Leviton, which developed technology for controlling household appliances by wire household electrical network. In this thesis, some text fragments are missing or replaced with text that does not correspond to the topic of this thesis. Some necessary formulas, calculations, diagrams and tables are missing or inconsistent. To receive the original version of the work, write to the email address indicated at the end of the thesis, in the conclusion. But this technology was designed for a voltage of 110V and a network frequency of 60 Hz, so it was not widespread in Russia. However, X10 is now considered obsolete, since it was created to control electric lighting devices and supported only six power management commands. This is clearly not enough to create an “intelligent home”. Audio and video equipment require at a minimum commands to change channels, change volume, rewind and control playback; But you also need to manage the HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) system. In search of solutions to this problem, various companies have attempted to develop new data transfer protocols.

Human speech recognition is one of the most complex scientific and technical problems. Currently, the users of computers and facilities equipped with computers are people who are not specialists in the field of programming. The problem of speech control arose, in addition, due to the fact that in some areas of application speech has become the only possible means of communication with technology (in conditions of overload, darkness or sudden changes in illumination, when hands are busy, extreme concentration on an object that does not allow not be distracted for a second, etc.). Although significant progress has been made in this area, recognition systems are still very far from human ones in their capabilities.

The problem of implementing human speech dialogue and technical means- an urgent task of modern cybernetics.

The problem of machine speech recognition has attracted the attention of specialists for a very long time. However, it has not yet been possible to move far in this direction. Purely formally, the process of speech recognition can be described in literally a few phrases. The analog signal generated by the microphone is digitized, and then the so-called phonemes are identified in speech, that is, the elementary fragments that make up all spoken words. Then it is determined which word corresponds to which combination of phonemes, and the corresponding dictionary is built. To recognize a word means to find it in this dictionary by the pronounced combination of phonemes. As computer systems develop, it becomes increasingly clear that the use of these systems will greatly expand if it becomes possible to use human speech when working directly with the computer, and in particular it becomes possible to control the machine with a normal voice in real time, as well as input and output information in the form ordinary human speech.

Currently, controlling a robot using voice commands is becoming increasingly important. However, creating software for voice control of an industrial robot involves conducting experiments during program development at all stages of development. Carrying out such experiments, ensuring the elimination of shortcomings and program errors, is economically unprofitable in industrial production conditions and leads to an increase in the cost of software development and debugging. To reduce the cost of creating software, it is advisable to develop a program that will provide three-dimensional modeling of voice control of an industrial robot, which leads to the need to conduct experiments in production conditions only at the last stage of software development.