Safety requirements when moving loads manually. Standards for carrying heavy loads. General rules and safety measures when moving goods on the territory of the enterprise Moving goods manually

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work
10. Check the serviceability of protective clothing and equipment personal protection. tools, lifting devices, scaffolding means.
11. Receive an assignment from the foreman, familiarize yourself with the technological maps for loading and unloading operations and warehousing.
12. Familiarize yourself with the order on organizing supervision of the safe conduct of work with lifting mechanisms and the appointment of persons responsible for safe production works with cranes and slingers.

3. Labor protection requirements during work
13. Loading and unloading operations for moving cargo weighing up to 30 kg are allowed to be carried out manually, and more than 30 kg and to a height of more than 3 m using mechanisms.
14. Use load-handling devices in strict accordance with the technological maps for the purpose of the load and weight.
15. Lifting piece, long materials should be carried out packed in bundles or bags.
16. Heavy piece materials, as well as boxes with loads, should be moved using special crowbars or other devices.
17. Loading and unloading operations with loads that can be rolled (drum with cable, etc.) should be performed mechanized; in exceptional cases, it is permitted using inclined platforms or with loads held by ropes on the opposite side. In this case, workers must be on the side of the load being lifted or lowered.
18. Loading and unloading operations with dusty materials (cement, gypsum, lime, etc.) must be performed mechanized. Work when unloading cement manually is allowed at a temperature not exceeding 40°C, while workers must be provided with special clothing, respirators and dust goggles.
19. When moving compressed gas cylinders, drums with calcium carbide, as well as materials in glass containers, it is necessary to take measures against shocks and impacts. It is prohibited to carry or transport oxygen cylinders together with fats and oils, as well as flammable and flammable liquids or materials.
20. When unloading drums with calcium carbide, workers should not use crowbars, shovels or other metal objects.
21. Unloading drums with calcium carbide is allowed only on wooden slings or other safe method. It is prohibited to throw drums from a car or wagon, strike the drum or turn it over, as this may lead to a leak.
22. To move a load weighing more than 80 kg, workers must use small-scale mechanization means - winches, blocks, jacks, as well as load-lifting cranes, beam cranes, hoists and lifting devices corresponding to the weight of the load being lifted. The serviceability of lifting mechanisms is determined by a technical examination before putting them into operation, and then at least once a year.
23. Workers engaged in loading and unloading operations, in addition to the lunch break, are provided with short rest breaks, which are included in the working time. Smoking is allowed only during breaks in designated areas.
24.. All equipment, tools, rigging and carts must be assigned to teams and persons responsible for their good condition and safety.
25. Loading and unloading areas should be graded, cleared and cleared foreign objects. IN winter time, when the sites should be cleared of snow and ice, sprinkled with sand, ash or fine slag.
26. Loading and unloading of toxic substances (technical alcohols, solvents, antifreeze, arsenic compounds, sulfur oils, etc.) capable of forming explosive mixtures should be carried out in specially designated areas in compliance with safety measures.
27. Cart wheels must be on roller or ball bearings, the rims of which are covered with rubber. Each cart must have a stencil on it indicating maximum load and the mark of the manufacturer or workshop.
28. Bridges or gangways for moving from a car to a warehouse or from a car to a stack must be made of boards with a thickness of at least 60 mm, fastened at the bottom with metal or wooden planks and have a width of at least 1m.
29. The lower ends of the legs should be wedge-shaped and bound with strip steel, and the upper ends should be covered with metal hoops to protect them from splitting.
30. Loads that can be rolled (barrels with drying oil, etc.) must be unloaded using two sleds or an inclined ladder, and on the opposite side they should be held with strong ropes; workers should be behind the load being moved and not allow the load to roll faster than the workers’ pace.
31. If long materials (beams, boards, benches, etc.) are carried on the shoulders by several workers, workers of approximately the same height and strength should be selected. Carry such loads only on the shoulder of the same name and drop them to one side on command.
32 Loading, unloading and moving heavy cargo must be carried out subject to the following conditions:
- in light soil and uneven surface boards, beams or sleepers must be laid along the path of cargo movement.
- use rollers that are strong, smooth, of normal length, the ends should protrude no more than 40 cm.
- to bring the rollers under the load, use crowbars or rack jacks.
- when moving a load down an inclined plane, it is necessary to use arresting devices so that the load does not roll under the influence of its own gravity.
- when moving the load, beware of rollers being pushed out from under the load.
- it is prohibited to take the roller to move it forward before it is freed from under the load.
- rollers should be laid parallel and ensure that they cannot move. It is forbidden to guide the rollers with your feet; they should be corrected with crowbars or knocked out with a sledgehammer.
33. It is necessary to tilt heavy loads and place them under slings using special crowbars or rack jacks. It is prohibited to use random objects for this purpose.
Standards for carrying heavy loads
34. In the absence of mechanical means, men (over 18 years of age) are allowed to carry loads of no more than 50 kg. If a load weighs 50 kg, it can be carried by one worker at a distance of up to 25 m. If the distance exceeds 25 m, shifts must be established. If the weight of the load is more than 50 kg, the load should be lifted onto the worker’s back and removed with the help of other workers. Lifting cargo and placing it in a stack with a height of more than 3 m manually is not allowed.
35. The maximum permissible norm for lifting and moving a load manually on level and horizontal surface per person should not exceed:
*When moving loads on carts or in containers, the force applied should not exceed the maximum permissible lifting load and manual handling in accordance with age.
*Carrying and moving heavy objects by teenagers is permitted in cases where it is directly related to the permanent professional work performed and takes up no more than 1/3 of working time.
*The distance over which the load is moved manually should not exceed 5 m;
the lifting height of the load from the floor is 1 m, and from the working surface 0.5 m (for teenagers and women).
36. Lifting and moving heavy objects manually by women: should not exceed:
- when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) -10 kg.
- constantly during the work shift - 7 kg.
37. When moving goods on carts or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.
38. Loading and unloading of goods weighing more than 50 kg, as well as lifting them to a height of more than 3 m must be mechanized. In exceptional cases, materials can be carried on a stretcher over a distance of no more than 50 m on a level path. Carrying materials on a stretcher along stairs and stepladders is prohibited.
Safety measures when stacking loads 39. Loads stacked at a height of 1.2 m must be no closer than 2 m from the head of the outer rail, and no more than 2.5 m at high heights.
40. When stowing cargo, passages and passages of the required width should be left: passages depending on vehicles and loading and unloading mechanisms, and passages providing normal working conditions with a width of at least 1 m.
41. Before stacking products and other materials, it is necessary to inspect the stacking area and, if necessary, clean and level it. The load should be lowered smoothly, carefully, without touching nearby loads. If the stack is not stacked correctly, it may fall apart during disassembly.
42. It is prohibited to store materials and equipment closer than 1 m from the edge of the excavation and trench. Leaning (leaning) materials and products against fences and elements of temporary and permanent structures is not allowed.
43. Loads in bags and sacks should be placed in a bandage. In this case, the goods must be in intact and serviceable containers.
44. Multi-tiered stacking of bulky cargo is prohibited irregular shape, as well as cargo in fragile containers that cannot withstand the load of the upper tiers. The height of cargo stacking is allowed no more than 3 m.
45. Dust-like materials should be stored in closed containers, taking precautions against spraying during loading and unloading. Loading openings should be closed with protective grilles, and hatches with shutters.
46. ​​Bunkers and other containers with a depth of more than 2 m for storing bulk and dusty materials must have a device to prevent the formation of arches and freezing or to force them to collapse.
47. Materials containing harmful or explosive solvents must be stored in hermetically sealed containers.
48. Stacks of sand, gravel, crushed stone and other bulk materials must have a slope with a slope corresponding to the angle of natural repose for this type of material or be protected by strong retaining walls.
49. You must not enter the danger zone and unload materials into places located under the formwork or under a single working scaffolding deck, above which there is this moment carry out other construction work.
50. When working on stacks more than 1.5 m high, portable stepladders, gangways and bridges must be used to move from one stack to another. If the length of gangways or bridges is more than 3 m, it is necessary to place trestles under them
51. Storage of materials.

Materials, products, instruments and equipment when stored in warehouses and construction sites must be stacked in the following manner:
Bricks in cages of 250 pcs. to a height of 25 rows on a flat surface.
Bricks in bags in bags on pallets - no more than 2 tiers, in containers - 1 tier.
Foundation blocks no more than 2.6 m high on pads and gaskets:
· Wall panels- in cassettes vertically;
· floor slabs in a stack no more than 2.5 m high on pads and gaskets;
· columns and crossbars - in a stack up to 2 m high;
· tile materials - in stacks up to 1 m;
· round timber - in stacks no more than 1.5 m high with spacers and stops against rolling out;
lumber - in stacks, the height of which, when stacked in rows, is no more than half the width of the stack;
· small-grade metal - in a stack no more than 1.5 m high;
· large-sized and heavy equipment and its parts - in one row on linings;
· radiators - in stacks no more than 1 m high;
· glass in boxes and roll material- vertically in one row on linings;
· ferrous rolled metals (sheet steel, channel, I-beam, section steel) - in a stack up to 1.5 m high with linings and gaskets;
· thermal insulation materials - in a stack up to 1.2 m high and stored in a dry room;
· pipes up to 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 m high, in a saddle without gaskets. The bottom row of pipes must be laid on pads, reinforced with inventory metal shoes or ring stops securely fastened to the pads;
· shut-off valves (gate valves, valves, etc.) - in one row;
· cylinders with compressed gases - vertically in one row in containers and without them are stored in specially closed ventilated rooms, isolated from sources of fire or electric welding;
· bottles with acids - in one row in wicker baskets on the floor in a specially designated room;
· small-piece materials - stored in boxes in closed warehouses in stacks and on racks;
Between racks and stacks in warehouses there must be passages of at least one meter, and passages - depending on loading and unloading equipment and transport. Explosive materials and means of blasting are packed in boxes, and dust-like materials are packed in bags and placed on racks in special warehouses. Operating personnel must undergo special training.
52. Materials, structures and equipment should be placed on leveled areas, taking into account measures against spontaneous displacement, subsidence, shedding and rolling of stored materials.
53. Pads and gaskets in stacks of stored materials and structures should be placed in the same vertical plane. When stacking panels, blocks, slabs and other structures, their thickness must be at least 20 mm greater than the height of the protruding mounting loops.
54. Disorderly storage of materials in warehouses and construction sites is prohibited.
55. Travel on trucks that are not suitable for transporting passengers is prohibited.
56. It is prohibited to transport people, including loaders, in the bodies of dump trucks, on trailers and tanks, in the bodies of trucks transporting dangerous goods and toxic substances, as well as on vehicles equipped for the transportation of long cargo or in the bodies of which the loaded cargo exceeds the height of the sides.
57. Vehicles transporting cylinders with liquefied gas must be equipped with special racks with recesses along the diameter of the cylinders, covered with felt. Cylinders must have closed caps. When transporting cylinders, people are prohibited from being in the back of the car.
58. The speed of vehicles on a construction site should not exceed
10 km/h on straight sections and 5 km/h on turns.
59. Bottles with acids, caustics and liquid non-flammable chemicals must be placed vertically and firmly secured during transportation. It is prohibited to transport flammable liquids on vehicles in bottles, buckets, cans and other unclosed containers.
60. It is prohibited to transport long cargo on dump trucks, including trailers.
61. Loading cargo on board vehicles in bulk is allowed only to the level of the sides of the body. If necessary, the height of the body can be increased.
62. Vehicles intended for the transportation of long cargo must be without sides and have removable and folding racks. The opposite racks of the car and trailer are connected above the load with special chains or locks or devices. Extension of folding racks is prohibited.
63. When opening the sides of cars, you must ensure that the cargo is securely located in the body. The side should be opened simultaneously by two workers under the control of the driver, and they need to be on the side of the side being opened. Opening the sides of the vehicle while loaded is strictly prohibited.
64. A vehicle placed for loading or unloading must be reliably braked.
65. When placing cargo in the body of a car or trailer, it is necessary to observe following rules:
- load cargo in bulk no higher than the sides;
- piece cargo placed above the level of the sides should be tied with strong ropes;
- the loading height is allowed no more than 4 m from the road surface, the height should not exceed the dimensions of bridges, overpasses and other structures encountered along the route of vehicles:
- pack boxes and barrels tightly so that they do not move or fall along the vehicle’s route:
66. Unload barrels with flammable and combustible liquids from a vehicle only on wooden floors or other devices. Throwing a barrel of gasoline and other petroleum products from a vehicle onto the ground is prohibited.
67. Cement must be unloaded only in hermetically sealed packages. Loading and unloading dusty and corrosive cargo in bulk is prohibited.
68. When loading piece goods stacked, it is not allowed to take them from the middle, since the top one may collapse. Piece loads should only be taken from the top of the stack.

4. Labor protection requirements upon completion of work
69. Clean up the workplace, remove tools and unnecessary materials.
70. Clean and inspect lifting devices and containers.
71. Disconnect the switch that powers the crane and winch from the electrical network and lock it.
72. Change your overalls, wash your face and hands with soap, and, if possible, take a shower.

5. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations
73. Emergency situations and accidents during loading and unloading operations can occur when:
o lifting loads exceeding the lifting capacity of the crane, hoist, winch;
o use of faulty load-handling devices;
o loading reinforced concrete structures with cracks, bent and broken hinges;
o shocks and shocks during loading and unloading: gas cylinders, drums with calcium carbide, toxic and other harmful substances, in glass containers;
o manual lifting of acids, caustic alkalis and chemicals;
o carrying and transporting oxygen cylinders together with fats, oils, combustible and flammable substances and materials, using hooks, crowbars and other metal objects for loading and moving cylinders with compressed gases;
o dropping barrels of gasoline and other flammable materials from aircraft;
o being in the back of a loaded vehicle when opening the sides;
o indiscriminate storage of materials in warehouses and construction sites;
74. In the event of an emergency, it is necessary:
- eliminate the source that caused the emergency;
- turn off the machine, equipment, electric current;
- call emergency services;
- inform the administration;
- provide assistance to the victims;
- maintain the situation if it does not threaten the life and health of people.

Approved by Resolution of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated April 29, 1980 N 1973.

This standard establishes general requirements for safety and cargo movement processes at enterprises* of all industries National economy(loading, unloading, transportation, intermediate storage, arrangement and maintenance of transport routes) by floor wheeled trackless transport.
* Enterprises, institutions, organizations, production associations etc. are hereinafter referred to as “enterprises”.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The movement of goods at enterprises must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.002-75 and this standard.
1.2. To move goods at enterprises, transport and technological schemes must be developed.

1.3. For the movement of vehicles on the territory of enterprises, traffic patterns must be developed and installed in prominent places.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVICE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPORT ROUTES

2.1. Construction of transport routes - according to SNiP I-D.5-72 " Car roads. Design standards", and their lighting - according to SNiP II-4-79 "Natural and artificial lighting. Design standards".
2.2. On transport routes of enterprises, road signs must be installed in accordance with GOST 10807-78 and markings must be applied in accordance with GOST 13508-74. Application technical means traffic regulation - according to GOST 23457-79. The boundaries of the roadway of transport routes in workshops must be established taking into account the dimensions of vehicles with transported goods. The distance from the boundaries of the roadway to the structural elements of buildings and equipment must be at least 0.5 m, and when people are moving - at least 0.8 m.
2.3. Places for repair work on transport routes, including trenches and pits, must be fenced and marked with road signs in accordance with GOST 10807-78, and in the dark - with light alarms. Fences must be painted in a signal color in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76.
2.4. Transport routes at dead ends must have detours or areas that allow vehicles to turn around.
2.5. Transport routes must be kept in good condition and cleared of snow, ice and debris. In winter, transport routes should be sprinkled with sand, slag or other materials replacing them. The enterprise must establish deadlines, inspection procedures and responsibilities of persons to monitor the condition of transport routes.
2.6. At the intersections of railways, at the same level as transport routes, there must be crossings in accordance with SNiP N-39-76 “1520 mm gauge railways. Design standards”; barriers, warning sound and light alarms - according to SNiP I-46-75 "Industrial transport. Design standards".
2.7. Transport routes must be free of objects that impede free passage or spoil the surface of transport routes.
2.8. When landscaping the territory of an enterprise in the area of ​​transport routes, visibility must be ensured in accordance with SNiP N-D.5-72.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR CARGO MOVEMENT PROCESSES

3.1. Safety requirements should be included in technological documents: MK, KTP, KTP in accordance with GOST 3.1102-74.
Preparation of documents for the processes of moving goods at enterprises - GOST 3.1602-74.
3.2. When moving cargo, the condition of the air environment must be ensured working area production movements according to GOST 12.1.005-76.
3.3. Requirements for loading and unloading operations:
3.3.1. Safety requirements for loading and unloading cargo according to GOST 12.3.009-76 and Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes, approved by the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision.
3.3.2. Moving loads weighing more than 20 kg in technological process must be carried out using lifting and transport devices or mechanization. The mass of cargo moved manually by women must comply with the maximum standards permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually, approved in accordance with the established procedure.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.3.3. The movement of goods in the technological process over a distance of more than 25 m must be mechanized.
3.3.4. Before starting work, the presence and serviceability of loading and unloading devices, lifting devices and tools must be checked.
3.3.5. The dimensions of loading and unloading areas must ensure a distance between the dimensions of vehicles with cargo of at least 1 m. When loading and unloading near a building, the distance between the building and a vehicle with cargo must be at least 0.8 m, and a sidewalk must be provided, fender, etc.
3.3.6. For correct placement of vehicles in loading areas bulk cargo signs should be installed from tank hatches and demarcation strips should be applied.
3.3.7. When loading and unloading cargo that has sharp or cutting edges and corners, gaskets should be used to prevent their failure of load-handling devices.
3.3.8. Stacking of cargo in intermediate storage areas must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.009-76.
3.3.9. Unstacking of cargo should only be done from top to bottom.
3.3.10. During intermediate storage on dumps or in compartments, bulk material should be stacked and selected taking into account the natural angle of repose for this type of cargo. The selection of bulk materials by digging is not allowed. When loading and unloading bulk materials, workers are not allowed to be in filled containers.
3.3.11. For loading and unloading piece cargo, special areas (platforms, overpasses, ramps) must be provided at the height of the floor of the vehicle body. Ramps on the vehicle access side must be at least 1.5 m wide with a slope of no more than 5 degrees.
The width of the overpass intended for the movement of vehicles along it must be at least 3 m. Overpasses and warehouse ramps for access roads must be equipped with wheel guards safety devices, preventing vehicles from sliding and overturning.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.3.12. Loading and unloading operations using lifting mechanisms should be carried out only in the absence of people in the vehicle cabin.
3.3.13. Loading and unloading operations with heavy and long cargo, as well as with the help of a grab, electromagnet and other mechanical load-handling devices, should be carried out only in the absence of people either in the cabin or in the body of the vehicle.
3.3.14. When placing vehicles for loading and unloading operations, measures must be taken to prevent their spontaneous movement.
3.3.15. The area for lifting and moving loads using electromagnets and grabs must be fenced or have an alarm indicating the danger of people in this area.
Fences must be painted in a signal color in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76.
3.3.16. Areas for loading and unloading operations must have marked boundaries.
3.4. Requirements for the transportation of goods and vehicles
3.4.1. Transportation of goods must be carried out by vehicles that meet the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-74.
3.4.2. Enterprise vehicles must have state license plates or registration numbers enterprises.
3.4.3. The maximum speed of vehicles on the territory of the enterprise and in production premises should be installed depending on the condition of transport routes, the intensity of cargo and human flows, the specifics of vehicles and cargo and ensure traffic safety.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.4. Transportation must be carried out using vehicles equipped with devices that prevent their operation by unauthorized persons. Vehicles can be left provided that measures are taken to prevent their spontaneous movement, and on the forklifts, in addition, the raised load must be lowered.
3.4.5. The load must be placed and, if necessary, secured on the vehicle so that it:
- did not endanger the driver or others,
- did not limit the driver’s visibility,
- did not violate the stability of the vehicle;
- did not cover light and signal devices, as well as license plates and registration numbers.
3.4.6. Transportation of goods must be carried out in containers or equipment, which are specified in the technological documentation for the transportation of this cargo.
3.4.7. Transportation of dangerous goods in accordance with GOST 19433-81 in containers that do not comply with GOST 19822-81, as well as in the absence of marking in accordance with GOST 14192-77 and a danger sign in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76 is not allowed.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.8. When installing loads of irregular shape and complex configuration on a vehicle, except for loads that are not allowed to be tilted, they should be positioned so that the center of gravity is at the lowest position.
3.4.9. In workshops with high noise levels, it must be possible to detect a moving vehicle by sound or light.
3.4.10. Transportation of people on vehicles is permitted only if there are additional seats made in accordance with the documentation of the vehicle manufacturer.
3.4.11. Entry into explosive premises is permitted only for explosion-proof vehicles.
3.4.12. When transporting piece goods placed above the sides of the body or on a platform without sides, they must be reinforced.
3.4.13. During transportation, drums with liquids must be installed with their caps facing up. When placing in multiple rows, each row should be laid on spacers made of boards with all outer rows supported.
3.4.14. When transporting glass containers with liquids, they should be installed in the body standing up (neck up). When installing them on top of each other, it is necessary to place spacers made of boards between the containers.
3.4.15. Flammable liquids should be transported in specialized vehicles that have appropriate inscriptions and are grounded with metal chains with a point at the end. When transporting flammable cargo in separate containers installed on vehicles, these containers must also be grounded.
3.4.16. Transportation of dust-producing cargo on board vehicles must be carried out in compacted bodies, and measures must be taken to prevent their spraying during movement.
3.4.17. Transportation of goods with temperatures above 70 degrees. C must be carried out on vehicles equipped with metal bodies.
3.4.18. Vehicles intended to transport gas cylinders, petroleum products and other flammable liquids must be equipped with spark arresters in exhaust pipes and fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the rules and ensure the safety of the transportation of dangerous goods by car, approved by the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.19. Liquefied gas cylinders should be transported on sprung vehicles, and the cylinders should be placed with safety caps to one side across the body and secured.
3.4.20. Transport gas cylinders to vertical position should only be used in special containers.
3.4.21. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.22. Flammable liquids and toxic substances may be transported using electric vehicles only as a tractor, and it must be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment.
3.4.23. Auto- and electric forklifts should be used on areas with hard and level surfaces.
3.4.24. When moving loads with forklifts, it is necessary to use working devices (forks, hooks, buckets, etc.) in accordance with technological documents(MK, KTP, KTP according to GOST 3.1102-74 AND GOST 24366-80).
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.25. When transporting small or unstable loads, forklift trucks must be equipped with a safety frame or carriage to support the load during movement.
3.4.26. Fork extensions must be equipped with appropriate latches or devices that securely secure them to the forks. 3.4.27. During breaks in work and at the end of work, the load must be lowered.
3.4.28. When using a forklift to move large cargo that limits the driver's visibility, it should be accompanied by a specially designated and instructed signalman.
3.4.29. It is not allowed to stack cargo without a cabin or protective grille above the loader driver’s workplace and a protective guard for the load-lifting device carriage.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.5. Requirements for intermediate storage of goods
3.5.1. Overpasses and loading platforms for intermediate storage of goods - according to design and construction standards industrial enterprises, approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.5.2. Sites for intermediate storage of goods must be located at a distance of at least 2.5 m from railways and roads.
3.5.3. Intermediate warehousing of goods should be carried out depending on the cargo being moved, containers, packaging and technical means with which warehousing is carried out.
3.5.4. Cargo areas intended for intermediate storage of cargo without vehicles moving on them must be designed for cargo distribution with a uniformity of at least 250 kg per 1 sq.m.
3.5.5. Loads stored in bulk should be stacked with a slope corresponding to the angle of repose of the stored material. If necessary, protective grilles should be installed.
3.5.6. During intermediate storage of cargo, measures and means must be provided to ensure the stability and reliability of the stowed cargo.
3.5.7. Cargo in containers and bales should be placed in stable stacks, the height of which should be determined in accordance with GOST 12.3.010-76.
Oversized and heavy cargo must be stacked in one row on chocks.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATING PERSONNEL

4.1. The procedure and types of training, organization of instructing workers - in accordance with GOST 12.0.004-79.
4.2. Persons at least 18 years of age who have completed training in a special program and have a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle and perform the corresponding type of work are allowed to drive vehicles for loading and unloading operations. Drivers with the first safety qualification group are allowed to drive electrified vehicles.
4.3. The driver of a vehicle who works with lifting mechanisms must be trained according to the slinger program, certified by the qualification commission and have a certificate for the right to perform these works.
4.4. Persons authorized to service vehicles for the transportation of dangerous goods must undergo training in safe techniques and work methods according to a special program with subsequent certification and have a certificate.
4.5. Programs for training workers involved in moving goods at enterprises must be drawn up taking into account the requirements of labor safety standards, traffic rules and rules for ensuring the safety of transportation of dangerous goods by road, approved by the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, "Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes", approved by Gosgortekhnadzor USSR, "Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations", "Safety rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations", approved by Gosenergonadzor and other regulatory and technical documents. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF PROTECTIVE MEANS FOR WORKERS

5.1. When moving goods at enterprises, means of protecting workers from the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.4.011-75.
5.2. Workers must be provided with personal protective equipment, taking into account the hazardous and harmful production factors affecting them in accordance with industry standards.
5.3. All personal protective equipment used by workers during work related to the intra-factory movement of goods must be subject to periodic control inspections and tests in the manner and within the time limits established by the regulatory standards. technical documentation with these funds.
5.4. Workers involved in loading and unloading operations using lifting mechanisms must wear protective helmets in accordance with GOST 12.4.091-80 and GOST 12.4.128-83.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.5. Storage, disinfection, degassing, decontamination, washing and repair of work clothes, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment for workers must be carried out in the manner established by the sanitary inspection authorities.

Author information

Konstantin Sokolov

General Director of the engineering and technical center "TECHNOVIK", an expert in the field of safety of warehouse logistics and equipment.
Member of the Association of Rack and Warehouse Equipment Manufacturers (Russia), FEM (European Association of Material Handling Equipment and ERF (European Federation of Racking Equipment).
Co-author of the unique patented technology for fragmentary repair of Robusto shelving.

Industry standard instructions on labor protectionwhen moving loads manually

1. General safety requirements

1.1.In an educational institution, persons who do not have health problems or physical contraindications are allowed to work related to the manual movement of goods.

1.2. When moving loads manually, it is necessary to comply with the norms of maximum permissible loads.

Standards of maximum permissible loads for persons under 18 years of age when lifting and moving heavy objects manually

1.3. In the absence of mechanical means, it is allowed to carry heavy loads alone for men 18 years of age and older - up to 50 kg. Loading and unloading of cargo weighing from 30 to 50 kg should be done using small-scale mechanization (hand trucks).

1.4. Before being allowed to work when moving heavy loads manually, each employee must be given targeted training if this type work is not the main one labor activity.

Norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually

1.5. If moving heavy loads manually is the main work activity of an employee, then the following must be carried out with him:

Introductory briefing upon entry to work;

Initial training at the workplace;

Repeated training at the workplace at least once every 6 months;

If necessary, related to changes in working conditions, long breaks in work, or violation of labor protection rules, unscheduled instruction may be carried out.

The employee must undergo training and subsequent testing of knowledge of Inter-industry rules on labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of cargo.

1.1. When entering a job with constant manual movement of goods, the employee must undergo a preliminary medical examination, and subsequently periodic medical examinations within the time limits established by the Russian Ministry of Health.

1.2. When manually moving cargo, you should remember that due to failure to comply with the requirements set out in this Instruction, the requirements for compliance with the work and rest regime, and safety requirements when carrying out loading and unloading operations, the following dangers may arise:

Injury from transported cargo in boxes, boxes, packages, etc.;

Hypothermia or overheating of the body;

Injuries caused by unsatisfactory condition of transition paths;

Uncomfortable working posture caused by a significant tilt of the body;

The severity of the work performed.

1.3. In accordance with regulatory legal acts According to labor protection, when manually moving loads, the employee must be given the following personal protective equipment: a cotton suit or a cotton robe, combined mittens, leather boots. During the cold season, an additional cotton jacket with an insulated lining is provided.

1.4. When moving loads manually, the following fire safety requirements must be met:

Smoking only in designated areas and marked with a “Smoking Area” sign;

Know the location and be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.5. Report all observed violations of fire safety, safety and industrial sanitation requirements that pose a danger to the lives of workers or are a prerequisite for any type of emergency to the head of the institution or a representative of the administration and take appropriate actions in compliance with personal safety measures.

1.6. The employee must know the place where the first aid kit with medications is located and dressing material, be able to provide first aid victims of various types damage to the body (bruises, wounds, thermal burns, etc.).

1.7. When moving loads manually, the head of the educational institution must assign an employee to supervise safety if the loads are moved by students.

1.8. The victim or eyewitnesses are obliged to notify the immediate supervisor about each accident during loading and unloading operations after providing the victim with first aid and other emergency measures.

1.9. Knowledge and compliance with the requirements of this Instruction is the official responsibility of the employee, and failure to comply with them is a violation of labor discipline, which entails penalties, established by law Russian Federation (disciplinary, material, criminal).

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the employee must put on (fasten, tie, tuck in) the required protective clothing, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment so that there are no dangling, flapping ends. Workers in unkempt, dirty clothes are not allowed to work.

2.2. Carefully inspect the work area and passages. If their maintenance is unsatisfactory (clutter, disorderly storage), it is necessary to prepare the workplace for the work.

2.3. Clear areas of walkways and platforms. Mark the boundaries of the area for stowing the transported cargo.

2.4. There should be no holes, potholes, significant slopes, foreign objects, or slippery spots on the platforms and walkways; the platform and paths must be hard-surfaced.

2.5. Lighting on tracks and storage areas must be sufficient for safe work (at least 10 lux).

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1. When moving cargo, the employee must be extremely careful and comply with the safety requirements appropriate to the working conditions.

3.2. Cargo in containers, boxes, crates and other packaging may have traumatic properties: sharp, “torn” edges, piercing, cutting elements; the possibility of large objects (up to 20 kg) slipping out of the hands.

3.3. Carrying work is carried out only with the permission of an official.

3.4. Large and heavy loads must be moved using mechanical transport trolleys. Cargo hand trucks must be in good working order, stable, easy to control and have handrails for ease of movement.

3.5. It is not allowed to store cargo in bulk, close to the walls of the room. The gap must be at least 25 cm. Storage areas must be prepared in a timely manner.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an emergency or its prerequisites ( specific odors, fire alarm, etc.) immediately stop the work started, report the situation to your immediate supervisor (official) and nearby employees. In the event of a fire, act in accordance with the fire safety instructions in force in the organization.

4.2. When eliminating an emergency situation, you should act strictly according to the instructions of the head of the institution or his representatives, observing personal safety measures.

4.3. The employee must be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment. It should be remembered that when extinguishing fires in electrical installations, you need to use carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers. Their location must be known to each employee in advance.

4.4. The employee must be able to provide first aid to victims in an emergency. The type of first aid depends on the nature of the damage to the body and the severity of the damage. When starting to provide first aid, the rescuer must clearly know the rules and techniques of specific first aid to the victim.

4.5. Victim from electric current, regardless of his well-being and absence of complaints, he should definitely be sent to a medical institution. For other types of injury, the victim is usually sent to a medical facility. The exception is cases of complete preservation of the normal functioning of the human body.

5. Safety requirements after completion of work

5.1. After completing loading and unloading operations, the employee must make sure that the cargo is stored safely (stable stability, possibility of free access, etc.). After this, it is necessary to inspect the work site.

5.2. Place the cargo hand truck in the designated location.

5.3. Take off your overalls and hang them in the closet. If it is dirty, dusty, or torn, have it repaired and washed.

5.4. Wash your hands and face thoroughly with soap. If possible, it is recommended to take a shower.

All comments related to the safety of loading and unloading operations (even if they are potential in nature) must be reported in a timely manner to the immediate supervisor, and in his absence, to the official

Added to the site:

INSTRUCTIONS

on labor protection when performing loading and unloading operations

This instruction on labor protection when performing loading and unloading operations was developed on the basis of “” (Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection dated September 17, 2014 No. 642n).

1. General labor protection requirements

1.1. Work on loading, unloading and moving various cargoes occurs in a variety of conditions and is carried out in various ways: manually, using the simplest devices and vehicles. Improper loading and unloading techniques, improper placement and stacking of cargo, careless handling of flammable and toxic materials, and improper use of lifting devices and vehicles can lead to accidents. All these circumstances must be taken into account when organizing and performing loading and unloading operations and transporting various cargoes.

1.2. Each employee working on loading and unloading or transporting materials must be knowledgeable and strictly comply with all the requirements set out in this manual. of this instruction, and the enterprise administration is obliged to create normal working conditions and provide workplaces with everything necessary for safe work.

1.3. While working, an employee may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:

Moving machines and mechanisms;

Moving parts of lifting machines; transported cargo, containers;

Unstable stacks of stored goods;

Increased air mobility;

Increased voltage in the electrical circuit;

Increased level of static electricity;

Sharp edges, burrs and uneven surfaces of equipment,

Tools, physical overload.

1.4. In accordance with current legislation, when carrying out loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to provide the employee with special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment, provided for by the approved standards for the free issuance of PPE.

1.5. An employee must notify his immediate supervisor about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurs at work, about a deterioration in his health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute illness.

1.6. Workers at least 18 years of age who have undergone a mandatory preliminary medical examination, labor safety training and testing of knowledge of labor safety requirements are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations and place cargo. Workers must be instructed by the immediate supervisor of the work on safe techniques when performing loading and unloading operations. and transportation operations.

1.7. Workers who have a certificate for the right to carry out work are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations and placing cargo using lifting machines.

1.8. Permission to work is carried out by the head of the department.

1.9. Perform only the work assigned by your immediate supervisor. In doubtful cases and when receiving a new job, ask your immediate supervisor for additional instructions on how to perform work safely.

1.10. The presence of unauthorized persons during work is not allowed in places where cargo is moved.

1.11. Smoking is permitted only in designated areas.

1.12. While working, you need to be attentive, not be distracted by extraneous activities and conversations, and not distract others.

1.13. While on the territory of the enterprise, you need to be attentive to the signals given by vehicle drivers and comply with them.

1.14. In workshops, pass only along designated passages. Do not walk between machines, machines, or over folded material, parts or workpieces. Do not cross or run across the road in front of a moving vehicle.

1.16. If people work at heights, walk around these places at a safe distance, because An object may fall from a height and cause injury.

1.17. When passing by or being near the electric welder’s workplace, it is prohibited to look at the electric arc. Failure to do so may result in serious eye disease and vision loss.

1.18. When near oxygen cylinders, do not allow oil to get on them, and do not touch them with hands contaminated with oil, because the combination of even a small fraction of oil with oxygen can cause an explosion of great destructive force.

1.19. It is prohibited to turn on or stop equipment that has not been authorized by the immediate supervisor.

1.20. Do not touch electrical equipment: electrical distribution boards, general lighting fittings, electric drives, terminals and other live parts; it is not allowed to open the doors of electrical distribution cabinets and remove fences and protective covers from live parts of the equipment.

1.21. If the equipment is faulty, you must inform your supervisor and call a repair service. You are prohibited from troubleshooting yourself.

1.22. In the event of an accident, immediately seek medical attention, notify your supervisor, and preserve the scene of the accident until the accident investigation begins.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Put your overalls in order, remove sharp and cutting objects from pockets. Do not fasten clothes with pins and needles. The work manager must instruct the employee before starting work to comply with labor protection requirements when performing the task.

2.2. Remove wedding rings and others Jewelry. Shoes must be closed. Do not wear sandals, flip-flops or other similar footwear.

2.3. Check the serviceability of loading and unloading devices, individual funds protection. Defective ones must be replaced with serviceable ones.

2.4. Prepare your workplace:

The loading and unloading area, passages and driveways are cleared of foreign objects, holes and ruts are eliminated, slippery areas are sprinkled with anti-slip agents (for example, sand or fine slag);

The serviceable condition of lifts, hatches, ladders in warehouses located in basements and semi-basements is checked and ensured;

Workplace lighting that is safe for work is provided;

Workplace inspections are being carried out.

2.5. It is allowed to start work after completing preparatory measures and eliminating all shortcomings and malfunctions

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. It is not permitted to load cargo onto a vehicle without the instructions of the immediate supervisor of the work.

3.2. Do not allow persons unrelated to this work to enter the place where loading and unloading operations are performed.

3.3. When moving cargo on a trolley, the following requirements must be observed:

The load on the trolley platform is placed evenly and occupies a stable position, preventing it from falling during movement;

The sides of a trolley equipped with folding sides are in a closed state;

The speed of movement of both loaded and empty hand trucks does not exceed 5 km/h;

The force applied by the employee does not exceed 15 kg;

When moving a load down an inclined floor, the worker is behind the cart.

3.4. It is prohibited to move cargo that exceeds the maximum load capacity of the cart.

3.5. When lifting a load with an electric hoist, it is prohibited to bring the hook cage to the limit switch and use the limit switch to automatically stop lifting the load.

3.6. Loading and unloading operations are permitted subject to the maximum acceptable standards one-time lifting of weights: men - no more than 50 kg; women - no more than 15 kg.

3.7. Loading and unloading of cargo weighing from 80 to 500 kg is carried out using lifting equipment (hoists, blocks, winches), as well as using rollers.

3.8. Manual loading and unloading of such cargo is permitted only on temporary sites under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe execution of work, and provided that the load per worker does not exceed 50 kg.

3.9. Loading and unloading of cargo weighing more than 500 kg is carried out only with the help of lifting machines.

3.10. When moving loads manually, the following requirements must be observed:

It is prohibited to walk on stacked loads, overtake workers in front (especially in narrow and cramped places), or cross the road in front of moving vehicles;

Manually moving a load weighing up to 80 kg is permitted if the distance to the place where the load is placed does not exceed 25 m; in other cases, carts, trolleys, and hoists are used. It is prohibited for one worker to manually move a load weighing more than 80 kg;

Lifting or removing a load weighing more than 50 kg requires two people. A load weighing more than 50 kg is lifted onto the employee’s back or removed from the employee’s back by other employees;

If a load is moved manually by a group of workers, everyone keeps pace with everyone else;

When moving rolling loads, the worker is behind the load being moved, pushing it away from himself;

When manually moving long loads (logs, beams, rails), special grips are used, and the weight of the load per worker does not exceed 40 kg.

3.11. The movement of loads of unknown mass using lifting equipment is carried out after determining their actual mass.

3.12. It is prohibited to lift a load whose weight exceeds the lifting capacity of the lifting equipment used.

3.13. When used for loading and unloading lifting mechanisms and devices, study the relevant instructions and rules for their safe use.

3.14. When moving cargo with forklifts and electric forklifts (hereinafter referred to as forklifts), the following requirements must be observed:

When moving loads with forklifts, the load is positioned evenly relative to the forklift's gripping elements. In this case, the load is raised from the floor by 300 - 400 mm. The maximum slope of the site when moving loads with forklifts does not exceed the angle of inclination of the forklift frame;

Moving containers and placing them in a stack using a loader with forks is carried out individually;

Moving cargo large sizes is carried out when the loader is moving in reverse and only accompanied by an employee responsible for the safe performance of work, who provides warning signals to the driver of the loader.

3.15. At working together With other employees, you must strictly follow the orders of your immediate supervisor.

3.16. When loading and unloading operations are carried out by several workers, each of them must ensure that they do not cause injury to each other with tools or loads.

3.17. When carrying loads from behind, the worker walking behind must maintain a distance of at least 3 m from the worker walking in front.

3.18. Carry long objects on the same shoulders. Raise, lower and dump long loads at the command of the immediate supervisor.

3.19. When carrying loads on a stretcher, keep pace with a friend. The command to lower the load carried on the stretcher is given by the worker walking behind.

3.20. Moving cargo on a stretcher is allowed at a distance of no more than 50 m horizontally.

3.21. When loading and unloading metal shavings, special care must be taken, since if the compacted mass is ruptured by rebounding shavings, injury can occur. Work must be done with glasses and gloves.

3.23. Do not stack materials in bulk close to fences and walls. The distance between the material, fence or wall of the structure must be at least 25 cm.

3.24. Stack the load firmly so that it does not fall. Leave passages at least 0.8 m wide between stacks.

3.25. When loading and unloading cargo, do not block designated passages and passages.

3.26. When loading and unloading bulk cargo, the following requirements must be observed:

Loading and unloading of bulk cargo is carried out mechanized, eliminating, if possible, air pollution in the working area. If it is impossible to eliminate air pollution in the work area, workers are provided with filter-type personal respiratory protection equipment;

When loading bulk cargo from a stack, it is not allowed to dig under the ground to create a canopy with the threat of its collapse;

3.27. When transporting dusty loads in an open car body, be sure to cover them with a tarpaulin or matting to protect them from spraying.

3.28. When loading, transporting and moving, as well as unloading and placing dangerous goods, the following requirements must be observed:

Loading, transportation and movement, as well as unloading and placement of dangerous goods are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation of manufacturers for these goods, confirming the classification of dangerous goods by type and degree of danger and containing instructions on compliance with safety measures;

It is not allowed to carry out loading and unloading operations of dangerous goods if the containers and packaging are faulty, as well as if there are no markings and warning notices (danger signs) on them;

Places where loading and unloading operations are carried out, means of transportation, lifting equipment, used mechanisms, tools and devices contaminated with poisonous (toxic) substances are cleaned, washed and rendered harmless;

Dangerous cargo shall be loaded onto and unloaded from a vehicle only with the engine switched off, except in cases of loading and unloading performed by means of a powered pump installed on the vehicle and driven by the vehicle engine. In this case, the driver of the vehicle is located at the pump control location.

3.29. When transporting compressed, liquefied, gases dissolved under pressure and flammable liquids, the following is prohibited:

Smoking in the cabin and near the vehicle, as well as in areas where dangerous goods are waiting for loading or unloading, at a distance of less than 10 m from them;

Carry out loading and unloading in in public places settlements without special permission from the relevant regulatory authorities and control of the following substances: anhydrous hydrobromic acid, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, carbon chloride (phosgene).

3.30. If for any reason loading or unloading of the above substances is necessary, then the packages with the above substances should be separated from other goods and ensure their movement in a horizontal position, guided by the notes on the labels.

3.31. Transportation of flammable liquids and gas cylinders is carried out by special vehicles equipped with spark arresters on exhaust pipes and metal chains to remove static electricity charges, equipped with fire extinguishing equipment and having appropriate symbols and inscriptions.

3.32. When transporting flammable liquids in separate containers installed on the vehicle, each container is equipped with protective grounding.

3.33. The use of flammable materials is prohibited for securing cargo items containing flammable liquids.

3.34. When loading and transporting cylinders, the following requirements must be observed:

When loading cylinders into a vehicle body in more than one row, spacers are used to protect the cylinders from contact with each other. Transportation of cylinders without gaskets is prohibited;

The combined transportation of oxygen and acetylene cylinders, both filled and empty, is prohibited.

3.35. It is allowed to transport acetylene and oxygen cylinders together on a special trolley to the welding station within the same production building.

3.36. Transportation of cylinders to the place of loading or from the place of unloading is carried out on special trolleys, the design of which protects the cylinders from shaking and shock. The cylinders are placed on the trolley lying down.

3.37. When loading, unloading and moving oxygen cylinders, it is prohibited:

Carry cylinders on the worker’s shoulders and back, tilt and handle, drag, throw, push, hit cylinders, use crowbars when moving cylinders;

Allow workers to work in oily clothes and with oily, dirty gloves;

Smoking and using open fire;

To carry cylinders, grasp the cylinder valves;

Transport cylinders without safety caps on valves;

Place cylinders near heating devices, hot parts and ovens, and leave them unprotected from direct impact sun rays.

3.38. If an oxygen leak is detected from the cylinder (identified by hissing), the employee immediately reports this to the immediate supervisor of the work.

3.39. It is prohibited to load cylinders with dissolved under pressure, compressed, liquefied gas, flammable liquids together:

With instant detonating wicks;

With railway firecrackers;

With detonating fuses, waterless hydrochloric acid, liquid air, oxygen and nitrogen;

With combustion substances;

With toxic substances;

With nitric acid and sulfonitrogen mixtures;

With organic peroxides;

With food products;

With radioactive substances.

3.40. It is prohibited to throw or jolt containers containing compressed, liquefied or dissolved gas under pressure.

3.41. Vessels with compressed, liquefied or dissolved gas under pressure are secured during transportation in the body of a vehicle so that they cannot tip over and fall.

3.42. Vessels with liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, a mixture of liquid oxygen and nitrogen, as well as flammable liquids are transported in a vertical position.

3.43. When loading, unloading and transporting acids, alkalis and other caustic substances, the following requirements must be observed:

Transportation in glass containers from the place of unloading to the warehouse and from the warehouse to the place of loading is carried out on stretchers, carts, wheelbarrows adapted for this purpose, ensuring the safety of the operations performed;

Loading and unloading bottles with acids, alkalis and other caustic substances, and installing them on vehicles is carried out by two workers. Carrying bottles with acids and other caustic substances on the back, shoulders or in the hands in front of one employee is prohibited;

Unloading and loading areas are provided with lighting;

The use of open fire and smoking is prohibited;

Carrying bottles of acid by the handles of the basket is permitted only after a preliminary inspection and check of the condition of the handles and the basket and by at least two employees;

If broken bottles or damaged containers are found, transportation is carried out with special precautions taken to avoid burns from the substances contained in the bottles.

3.44. It is prohibited to carry out loading and unloading operations and placing cargo with acids and other chemically active substances using lifting mechanisms, with the exception of elevators and mine hoists.

3.45. Barrels, drums and boxes containing caustic substances must be moved on carts.

3.46. In the cabins of vehicles transporting flammable liquids and gas cylinders, it is prohibited for employees not involved in servicing these transportations to be present.

3.47. It is prohibited for workers to be in the bodies of vehicles transporting flammable liquids and gas cylinders.

3.48. When loading and unloading piece cargo, it is prohibited to pull piece cargo from the middle of a stack or heap, as the cargo may collapse and cause injury. Piece cargo should be taken from a stack or heap only from the top.

3.49. Before unloading heavy objects, place pads on the floor so as not to crush your foot when lowering the load.

3.50. Cargo in barrels, drums, rolls (roll-barrel cargo) may be loaded manually by rolling or tilting, provided that the floor of the warehouse is at the same level as the floor of the wagon or vehicle body.

3.51. If the floor of the warehouse is located below the level of the floor of the vehicle body, loading and unloading of roll-and-barrel cargo manually during tilting is allowed along the slopes or slopes by two workers with a weight of one unit of cargo not exceeding 80 kg, and with a weight of more than 80 kg it is necessary to use ropes or loading cars.

3.52. It is prohibited to stand in front of rolling loads or behind roll-barrel loads being rolled along slopes.

3.53. When moving boxed cargo The following requirements must be met:

3.54. When loading cargo into the body of a vehicle, the following requirements must be observed:

When loading in bulk, the cargo is distributed evenly over the entire floor area of ​​the body and should not rise above the sides of the body (standard or extended);

Piece cargo that rises above the side of the vehicle body is tied with rigging (ropes and other strapping materials in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer). Workers tying loads are on the loading and unloading area;

Boxes, barrels and other piece goods are stacked tightly and without gaps so that when the vehicle moves they cannot move along the floor of the body. The gaps between the loads are filled with spacers and spacers;

When loading cargo in barrel containers in several rows, they are rolled along the sides or slopes with the side surface. Barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the plugs facing up. Each row of barrels is installed on spacers made of boards and all outer rows are wedged. The use of other objects instead of wedges is not allowed;

Glass containers with liquids in crates are installed standing;

It is prohibited to place cargo in glass containers in crates on top of each other (in two tiers) without gaskets that protect the bottom row from destruction during transportation;

Each individual load must be well secured in the body of the vehicle so that it cannot move or tip over while driving.

3.55. Safety when performing loading and unloading operations and placing cargo in containers is ensured by keeping the containers in good condition and using them correctly.

3.56. On the container, with the exception of special technological containers, its number, purpose, dead weight, and maximum weight of the cargo for which it is intended to be transported and moved are indicated.

3.57. The container capacity must exclude the possibility of overloading the lifting machine.

3.58. When performing loading and unloading operations and placing cargo, it is prohibited to use containers that have defects discovered during external inspection.

3.59. When loading, unloading and placing cargo in containers, the following requirements must be observed:

The container is loaded with no more than the nominal gross weight;

Methods of loading or unloading eliminate the occurrence of residual deformations of the container;

The cargo placed in the container is below the level of its sides;

The opening walls of the stacked containers are in the closed position;

Moving containers by dragging or turning is not allowed.

3.60. When moving heavy loads, the following requirements must be observed:

3.61. It is not allowed to sit on the sides of the body, ride on the running boards, the roof of the cab and stand in the body, as well as climb and jump off the car while it is moving.

3.62. It is prohibited to shift cargo from place to place, change seats, smoke or eat while the vehicle is moving.

3.63. While driving the vehicle, ensure that the loads are stowed securely. If the ropes become loose or the side of the car opens, immediately inform the driver, and only after stopping the car, fix the problem.

3.64. Manual loading and unloading of cargo exceeding the length of the vehicle body by 2 m or more (hereinafter referred to as long cargo) requires the mandatory use of ropes. This work is performed by at least two workers.

3.65. When loading long cargo onto spreader trailers, it is necessary to leave a gap between back wall vehicle cabin and cargo in such a way that the trailer can be freely rotated in relation to the vehicle by 90° in each direction.

3.66. When loading and unloading long cargo, the weight of which, taking into account the mass of the vehicle, exceeds the limits established on the territory Russian Federation the weight of the vehicle or the load on the axle of the vehicle (hereinafter referred to as long heavy loads), the cargo is insured with ropes in compliance with safety measures:

When rolling a heavy, long load, it is prohibited to be on the opposite side of its movement;

When stowing heavy, long cargo in the body of a vehicle, you must not be on the front side of the long cargo on the side of the vehicle cabin.

3.67. Stowing heavy, long cargo in the body of a vehicle is carried out using a crowbar or a wag.

3.68. When loading cargo of irregular shape and complex configuration (except for cargo that is not allowed to be tilted), the cargo is located on the vehicle in such a way that the center of gravity is as low as possible.

3.69. Loading of cargo into vehicles is carried out in such a way as to ensure the possibility of convenient and safe slinging of it during unloading.

3.70. When loading long steel into a vehicle, its individual bundles are stacked parallel to each other without warping.

3.71. Each bundle of high-quality steel with a profile size of up to 180 mm is tied with wire harnesses with a diameter of at least 6 mm in two threads: for a bundle of metal up to 6 m long - in two places; with a longer metal bundle - in three places.

3.72. Each bundle of high-quality steel with a profile size of more than 180 mm is tied with wire harnesses with a diameter of at least 6 mm in two threads: for a bundle of metal up to 9 m long - in two places; with a longer metal bundle - in three places.

3.73. When loading pipes with a diameter of 111 to 450 mm onto a vehicle, adjacent rows are separated by at least three spacers made of boards with a cross-section of at least 35 x 100 mm.

3.74. When loading and unloading rolled metal from a vehicle, the following requirements must be observed:

When unloading rolled metal in the form of round or square section metal in packs, slings with hooks are used. In this case, the pack or rods are attached “to a noose”. After lifting a bundle of metal or rods to a height of no more than 1 m, the slinger must make sure that the sling is correct and move to a safe place determined by the work plan or technological map, and from this place give a signal to lift the load. This order is observed until the end of the work;

When unloading rolled metal in the form of sheet metal, you must:

1) place an auxiliary sling (undersling) under a load, the amount of which should not exceed the rated lifting capacity of the crane, put the loops of the sling on the crane hook and slightly tighten them by lifting the hook. At the same time, the slingers retreat to a safe place determined by the work plan or technological map;

2) at the signal of the senior slinger, the crane driver lifts the captured load to a height of no more than 0.5 m and the slingers insert the main slings into the gap formed, after which the load is lowered into place, and the auxiliary sling is removed from the hook and the main slings are hung on it. The slingers retreat to a safe place, after which, at the signal of the senior slinger, the crane operator can move the load to the stowage site. Laying is done on linings or gaskets. This order is observed until the end of the work.

3.75. Frozen cargo is loosened to restore flowability and ensure unloading. Such goods in winter period should be protected from freezing by:

Dehydration of material;

Layer-by-layer division of material with antifreeze additives;

Material granulation;

Adding surfactant hydrophobic substances that do not prevent freezing, but reduce the strength of the frozen mass.

3.76. Work on unloading frozen cargo is carried out under the supervision of an employee responsible for the safe execution of work.

3.77. Large blocks of frozen cargo are broken off using crowbars, picks, wedges, and jackhammers.

3.78. It is prohibited to be in the receiving device or in the body of the rolling stock while unloading machines of all types are operating.

3.79. Manual loading of barrels of petroleum products onto a vehicle is permitted when the barrels weigh no more than 100 kg and when rolling along slopes with an inclination of no more than 30°.

3.80. When working with petroleum products, the use of open fire and smoking is prohibited.

3.81. When transporting and moving goods, the following requirements must be observed:

The load on the pallet should not protrude more than 20 mm on each side of the pallet; for boxes with a length of more than 500 mm, this distance can be increased to 70 mm;

It is prohibited to place long cargo diagonally in the body, leaving the ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle, or to block the vehicle cabin doors with the cargo;

In order to prevent the load from moving onto the vehicle cabin during braking or moving the vehicle downhill, the load is located on the vehicle higher than on the trailer by an amount equal to the deformation (settlement) of the vehicle springs from the load;

3.82. When placing cargo, the following requirements must be observed:

Loads are placed according to technological maps indicating locations, sizes of passages and passages;

When placing cargo, it is prohibited to block approaches to fire-fighting equipment, hydrants and exits from premises;

Placement of cargo (including at loading and unloading areas and in temporary storage areas) close to the walls of the building, columns and equipment, stack to stack is not allowed;

The distance between the load and the wall, column, ceiling of the building is at least 1 m, between the load and the lamp - at least 0.5 m;

The height of the stack during manual loading should not exceed 3 m, when using mechanisms for lifting the load - 6 m. The width of the passages between the stacks is determined by the dimensions of the vehicles, transported goods and loading and unloading machines;

Cargo in containers and bales is stacked in stable stacks; cargo in bags and sacks is stacked in a dressing. It is prohibited to stack cargo in torn containers;

Boxes and bales in closed warehouses are placed with a main aisle width of at least 3 - 5 m;

Loads stored in bulk are placed in stacks with a slope slope corresponding to the angle of repose for the given material. If necessary, such stacks are fenced with protective bars;

Oversized and heavy loads are placed in one row on pads;

Placed loads are stacked in such a way as to prevent the possibility of them falling, tipping over, or falling apart, and to ensure the accessibility and safety of their removal;

When placing cargo (except for bulk cargo), measures are taken to prevent them from pinching or freezing to the surface of the site.

3.83. When placing cargo in warehouses with an area of ​​up to 100 m2, it is allowed to place cargo on racks and in bulk in stacks close to the side walls of the premises and to the walls opposite the entrances to the premises, provided that there are no mounted electrical equipment, fire extinguishing control systems, and also on the walls of the warehouse premises. hatches in the floor adjacent to the walls and cable ducts.

3.84. When placing rolled metal, the following requirements must be observed:

The aisles between rows of stacks or racks are at least 1 m, between stacks or racks in a row - at least 0.8 m;

Rolled metal is placed in a stack on pads previously laid on the floor. Placing rolled metal on the floor of a warehouse or on the ground of a site without pads is not allowed;

The height of a stack or rack when placing rolled metal products manually does not exceed 1.5 m;

Ingots and blooms with a cross-section of 160 x 160 cm or more are placed on the floor in stacks or individually;

The height of the stack does not exceed 2 m with a hook grab and 4 m with an automated load grab;

When placing rolled metal in a stack or on a rack, square metal spacers with a thickness of at least 40 mm are placed between the bundles and bundles to allow the slings to be released from under them and for greater stability of the placed load. The ends of the spacers should not protrude beyond the stack or rack by more than 100 mm;

The weight of rolled metal placed on the racks does not exceed the maximum permissible load on them. The maximum permissible load on the rack shelves is indicated on each rack. To avoid rolled metal rolling out, it is prohibited to fill shelves (cells) above the rack racks;

Long and shaped steel products are placed in stacks, Christmas tree or rack racks; pipes are placed in stacks in rows separated by spacers;

Blanks measured length from long and shaped steel, semi-finished and finished products are placed in containers;

Thick-sheet steel (steel with a thickness of 4 mm or more) is laid on edge in racks with support platforms inclined towards the support posts, or flat on wooden pads with a thickness of at least 200 mm;

Thin sheet steel (steel up to 4 mm thick) is laid flat on wooden pads placed across the stack of sheets. Thin-sheet steel in bundles weighing up to 5 tons can be stacked on edge in racks so that bends do not form at the ends;

Metal products supplied in coils are stacked end-to-end in enclosed spaces on a wooden floor in no more than two tiers;

Cold rolled strip is placed on flat wooden pallets into frame racks. The placement is done in tiers, with each subsequent tier shifted relative to the previous one by half the radius of the skein. The third tier is laid in the same way as the first, the fourth - like the second, and so on. Skeins in upper tier are not placed in extreme places;

It is prohibited to place rolled metal, metal structures and workpieces in the security zone of power lines without agreement with the organization operating these lines. Rolled metal and metal structures placed in the security zone of power lines in the event of their occurrence under the influence of an electromagnetic field electrical voltage values ​​above 20 V must be grounded (except for cases of their storage directly on the ground, conductive metal structures, overpasses and structures).

3.85. The electrodes are placed in a dry indoors in original packaging on pallets in frame racks.

3.86. When organizing the storage of petroleum products, oils and greases in barrels are placed on a rack of no more than three tiers and no more than 10 barrels along the length of the stack. Wooden pads are placed under the barrels.

3.87. When mechanized stacking of barrels, the barrels are placed on each tier of the rack in one row in height and in two rows in width.

3.88. When placing petroleum products in containers, the following requirements must be observed:

Tara defends herself from direct action sunlight and precipitation;

Open placement of petroleum products in containers is allowed under canopies made of flammable roofing materials;

Empty containers for petroleum products are placed in stacks no more than 10 m in length, 6 m in width, 2 m in height. The distance from the top of the stack to the protruding structures of the warehouse floor is at least 0.5 m. The stacks are placed from the walls at a distance of at least 1 m; the gap between stacks is at least 2 m, and in a stack every two rows of barrels - 1 m.

3.89. When transporting and moving goods, the following requirements must be observed:

Loads on vehicles are installed (stowed) and secured so that they do not shift or fall during transportation;

During transportation, the cargo is placed and secured on the vehicle so that it does not endanger the driver of the vehicle and others, does not limit the driver’s visibility, does not impair the stability of the vehicle, does not cover the light and signaling devices, license plates and registration numbers of the vehicle, does not obstruct perception of hand signals;

A load protruding beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front and behind by more than 1 m or from the side by more than 0.4 m from outer edge side light, indicated by identification marks " Oversized cargo", and in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility, in addition, in front - a flashlight or a retroreflector white, at the back - a red flashlight or reflector;

When transporting packaged cargo, packaging is used using pallets, containers and other packaging means. In packages, loads are fastened together.

When transporting long cargo with a length of more than 6 m, they are securely attached to the vehicle trailer;

When transporting long loads of varying lengths at the same time, shorter loads are placed on top.

3.90. In order to prevent the load from moving onto the vehicle cabin during braking or moving the vehicle downhill, the load is located on the vehicle higher than on the trailer by an amount equal to the deformation (settlement) of the vehicle springs from the load.

3.91. When moving boxed loads, the following requirements must be observed:

To avoid injury to your hands, each box is inspected beforehand. The protruding nails are driven in, the ends of the iron strapping are removed flush;

If it is necessary to remove a box from the top of a stack, you must first make sure that the cargo lying nearby is in a stable position and cannot fall;

Move cargo around horizontal plane pushing it over the edges is prohibited.

3.92. When moving heavy loads, the following requirements must be observed:

Heavy, but small-sized loads are moved along the stairs of buildings using a cable along boards laid on the steps of the stairs. To facilitate movement, rollers are placed under the base of the load;

It is prohibited to stand on the steps of a ladder behind a heavy load being lifted or lowered using a cable;

Heavy loads are moved along a horizontal surface using rollers. In this case, the path of movement is cleared of all foreign objects. To bring the rollers under the load, crowbars or jacks are used. To prevent the load from tipping over, additional rollers should be placed under the front of the load;

When descending heavy cargo on an inclined plane, measures are taken to prevent possible rolling or sliding of the load under the influence of its own gravity or its overturning.

3.93. Transporting workers in the back of a vehicle is prohibited.

3.94. If transportation of workers is necessary, they are located in the cabin of the vehicle.

4. Occupational safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. Stop work immediately if situations arise that could lead to accidents or accidents, and turn off the equipment in use.

4.2. In case of fire or smoke, call the fire department by calling 101 and arrange to extinguish the fire using the available primary fire extinguishing equipment.

4.3. The victim or eyewitness of the incident must report each accident at work to the immediate supervisor of the work. If necessary, call an ambulance and provide first aid to the victim.

5. Labor protection requirements upon completion of work

5.1. Tidy up the workplace, remove all tools and equipment to a storage place or warehouse.

5.2. Take off overalls, safety shoes, inspect, put in order and put back in place.

5.3. Notify the immediate supervisor of any malfunctions discovered during work.

5.4. Wash your face and hands with warm water and soap, and take a shower.

6. Labor protection requirements when operating forklift trucks

6.1. Servicing of hydraulic fork carts is carried out only by qualified personnel.

6.2. Carts must be operated in accordance with their operating instructions.

6.3. Before starting work, you must ensure that the trolley is in good technical condition by checking its operation at idle speed.

6.4. When lifting a load, the following safety requirements must be observed:

Make sure that the weight of the load does not exceed the lifting capacity of the trolley;

The load should be positioned so that the weight is evenly distributed on both forks;

Slowly move the trolley towards the load, bring the forks completely under the load;

Lift the load using a hydraulic pallet truck.

6.5. The cart must only be used on a level surface.

Finding people under a raised load and on the load;

Transporting people, as well as being in dangerous areas,

Exceed the cargo weight limit,

Transport unpackaged cargo,

Ride on a cart

Brake with your own body

Carry out cart repairs yourself

Use carts in fire hazardous areas and aggressive environments.

6.7. The cargo must be stowed, the container, packaging, and strapping must be in good working order.

6.8. Transportation of non-standard cargo must be accompanied and the dimensions of the cargo are marked with safety signs.

6.9. When unloading, place stops (wedges) under the wheels of the cart to prevent movement and injury to the legs.

6.10. Upon completion of work, install the trolley in a specially designated place.

6.11. Report all malfunctions and violations to the work manager.

Constantly carrying heavy loads can cause occupational diseases (lower back pain, varicose veins, flat feet, hernia, cardiovascular diseases) if their weight exceeds the maximum permissible norms.

Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 2.2.2.1327 - 03 establish the following maximum standards for lifting and moving heavy objects manually (Appendix 5).

Labor legislation provides for:

For adult men, lifting and moving (one-time) weights when alternating with other work (up to two times per hour) - up to 30 kg;

The maximum permissible weight of weights lifted and moved manually for women when alternating with other work no more than twice an hour should not exceed 10 kg, and lifting and moving heavy objects constantly during a work shift - 7 kg. When moving loads on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.

Boys aged 16-18 years are allowed only for loading and unloading light cargo and piece goods (occupying no more than 1/3 of the total working time).

Maximum permissible load standards for persons under 18 years of age when lifting and moving heavy objects manually, they are approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 7, 1999 No. 7. They take into account the nature of the work, indicators of labor severity, maximum permissible load weight in kg for boys and girls.

When lifting and moving a load manually constantly During a work shift, the maximum permissible load weight in kg is for boys and girls aged 14-15 years, respectively, 3 and 2 kg, and for boys and girls aged 16-17 years - 4 and 3 kg.

Lifting and moving loads manually during no more than 1/3 of a work shift allowed with the following maximum permissible cargo weight: with constant work (more than twice an hour) for boys and girls 14 years old - 6 and 3 kg, respectively, 15 years old - 7 and 4 kg, 16 years old - 11 and 5 kg, 17 years old - 13 and 6 kg; when alternating with other work (up to twice an hour) for boys and girls 14 years old - 12 and 4 kg, respectively, 15 years old - 15 and 5 kg, 16 years old - 20 and 7 kg, 17 years old - 24 and 8 kg.

The total mass of cargo moved during a work shift cannot be more than : when lifting from a working surface for boys and girls 14 years old - 400 and 180 kg, respectively, 15 years old - 500 and 200 kg, 16 years old - 1000 and 400 kg, 17 years old - 1500 and 500 kg; when lifting from the floor for boys and girls 14 years old - 200 and 90 kg, respectively; 15 years - 250 and 100 kg; 16 years - 500 and 200 kg; 17 years old - 700 and 250 kg.

The mass of the lifted and moved cargo includes the mass of containers and packaging.

If the weight of the cargo is 80 - 500 kg, small-scale mechanization means (wheelbarrows, roller boards, trolleys and other devices) must be used. If the mass of the cargo exceeds 500 kg, it is moved using special mechanical devices (winches, blocks, jacks, cranes, hoists, etc.).

46. ​​Trackless transport.

Trackless transport (hand trucks, electric vehicles, electric forklifts, stackers) must provide safe working conditions during its operation.

Hand trucks greatly facilitate working conditions when moving heavy loads.

For manual transportation acids, alkalis and flammable liquids a special metal container is used. Transportation of acids and alkalis in glass containers is allowed only in special packaging (baskets, wooden boxes, etc.).

Bottles with caustic substances It is allowed to transport only on special trolleys, and to be carried by two workers in baskets with two handles or on a stretcher. Carrying bottles with caustic substances alone on your shoulders or in front of you is prohibited.

Currently, plastic containers are used for these purposes. They are unbreakable, lightweight, durable and resistant to acids, alkalis, solvents and oils. Siphons are used for safe bottling of liquids. various designs and special tipping machines.

Electric cars driven by DC electric motors powered by batteries. Electric cars are easy to maintain and operate, and are fire safe. During operation, they do not emit unpleasant odors or gases and do not create noise.

Electric forklifts Driven by batteries, they are relatively small in size, have good maneuverability, and allow you to transport loads in horizontal and vertical planes. They are used for loading, unloading and stacking of rolls, bales of paper, cardboard, barrels, binding materials and are increasingly used even in small printing enterprises.

Electric cars and electric forklifts significantly facilitate conditions and increase labor productivity, create safe conditions when performing loading, unloading and transport operations, and improve production standards.