Making a gas generator with your own hands. How a gas generator works Homemade gasoline power station

For getting single-phase current A 220 V two-stroke gasoline engine is suitable, and if you plan to obtain higher powers, then the choice should be made on a four-stroke. Fuel consumption will depend on the selected engine. In addition to the main task - energy generation, a noise reduction, lubrication, ventilation, and installation system should be provided. You will have to buy wheels to ensure the mobility of the device. The casing can be made of metal or plywood.

The control panel must have a voltmeter, a circuit breaker button, grounding terminals, and sockets for using the generated energy.

Study self-production A gas generator makes sense when you have unused engines from old appliances. You can, of course, buy all the components specifically for these purposes, but you won’t be able to get much savings - the cost of the components may even exceed the price of the finished factory model.

In practice, motorcycle or car engines, engines from mowers, chainsaws and other devices are often used.

The simplest gas generator

As an example, let's look at the simplest homemade design based on chainsaw and electric motor from an old washing machine:

1. We attach the electric motor from the washing machine to the chainsaw bar using a specially made stable bracket.
2. We put pulleys on the drive shafts of both engines and connect them using a belt drive.
3. The button for adjusting the speed of the chainsaw engine, located on the handle, is equipped with an additional device for adjusting the pressing force. A simple bolt secured with a clamp will do the job just fine. To increase the speed, it will be enough to tighten it, and to decrease it, loosen it.
4. To the outside starting winding of the electric motor, we connect two capacitors in parallel, designed for a power of 400-450 Volts.

The video shows a generator with a washing machine engine

This is the simplest in design the installation is capable of delivering a current of 220 V 180 A, which is enough to power a drill, screwdriver, and lighting fixtures.

Almost any craftsman can make such a basic device. Of course, except for cases when a person does not see the difference between an engine and a carburetor, or the words bracket and container sound the same to him. Completely unacceptable production electrical appliances for a person who does not know the differences between the concepts of power (watt), current (ampere) and circuit voltage (volt). More complex designs require fundamental knowledge and skills that will help to correctly calculate engine power and ensure safe use finished design, configure all parameters correctly.

Life modern man depends on electricity. In industrial production, in modern industry, in medicine and in everyday life, electrical energy is needed everywhere. Power outages can have a negative impact on production process, cause accidents and create life-threatening situations.

These problems can be solved with the help of a gas generator. A factory-assembled model can be purchased at a special store. In addition, it is quite possible to assemble the unit with your own hands.

Application of petrol generators

The unit serves as a backup power source in the event of a central power failure. When staying in country house he can provide power supply household appliances, tools, you can power a water pump and other devices from it.

Despite the fact that gas generators are inferior diesel units, they remain highly sought-after backup power sources that used in everyday life and at work.

A gas generator has many advantages.

1. Thanks to its small size and compact dimensions, the generator can be used in small spaces.
2. The light weight of the unit makes it easy to move the device.
3. The gas generator has a simple design and, if desired, you can make the generator yourself.
4. Easily repairable - replacing failed structural elements and components will not be a problem.
5. Gasoline backup power sources have good performance and long service life.
6. The cost of a gas generator is significantly lower than a diesel and gas piston power source.

Gasoline backup power supplies are widely used in various fields:

• in repair and construction work;
• in workshops and production facilities;
• can serve as a source electrical energy for lighting and alarm networks;
• a gas generator can be used as a source uninterruptible power supply For personal computers, which makes it possible not to be afraid for the safety of information when the power supply is turned off;
• on summer cottages to power a water pump, grinder, hammer drill and other tools;
• for arranging a comfortable pastime in nature;
• as emergency power supply in a hospital.

Of course, not every gasoline backup power source can cope with the energy needs of an entire house. Some units, due to their mobility, are easily used when traveling out of town on vacation. Powerful types of gas generators can operate for 1500 hours.

There are dozens of types of gasoline generators, which differ in size, power and energy reserve. When choosing a unit, it is important compare required power gas generator with production characteristics.

The required power of a gas power plant is the total power of all consumers of electrical energy, multiplied by 1.5 (coefficient).

However, if the price of a factory-made gas generator seems overpriced, and backup source If you need power today, you can assemble a generator with your own hands. To do this, you need to study the device and understand the principle of operation.

Design and principle of operation of a gas generator

The operation of a mobile power generating structure is based on the operation of a gasoline engine. The design itself is simple.

All autonomous power supplies operate on the principle converting one energy into another.

The design of the gas generator consists of three parts:

1. Gasoline internal combustion engine. Installed in low-power units two stroke engine, and in powerful units - four-stroke.
2. Current generator.
3. Electrical modulation unit.

All elements are mounted on a single support. In addition to the main parts, the gasoline generator is equipped with additional elements:

• Fuel cell.
• Battery.
• Manual starter.
• Air filter.
• Silencer.

The main stages of operation of a gas generator

1. Gasoline is poured into the generator tank.
2. In an engine, after burning carbon fuel, gas is formed. It rotates the crankshaft with the flywheel.
3. Rotating, the crankshaft transmits power to the generator shaft.
4. When reaching high speed rotation primary winding There is a displacement of magnetic fluxes - charges are redistributed.
5. Potentials of the required magnitude are created at various poles. However, to obtain alternating current, from which industrial and household appliances can operate, you will need an additional device - an electrical modulation unit. You can use a transformer or inverter.
6. Thanks to the inverter, you can bring the voltage to the required value - 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz. In addition to its main purpose, impulse overvoltage and interference are removed using an electrical modulation unit. The unit also monitors current leakage. The block protects the unit from short circuit and overload.

Homemade gasoline generator: pros and cons

Curiosity coupled with the desire to save money encourages some people to make a gas generator themselves. How justified is this from a financial point of view? Opinions on this issue are divided.

Some experts say that if a gasoline generator is assembled carefully and competently, it will last as long as its factory counterpart. They provide the following arguments in support:

• possible modernization - the device can be adjusted to your own needs at any time;
• savings - for example, to purchase a factory-assembled gas generator litenergo.ru/benzogeneratory/invertornyj with low power (0.75–1 kW) you will have to spend from 9 thousand to 12 thousand rubles;
• satisfaction from the completed project.

Supporters of factory assembly are skeptical about “handicraft” models and provide counter-arguments, arguing about the disadvantages of home-made products:

• The practical savings in assembling generators are negligible. Purchasing parts of a gasoline generator separately will be quite expensive. To assemble a generator, it is better to use parts of unnecessary devices.
• Find an engine and generator that have optimal parameters, difficult.
• To manufacture a gasoline generator, you must have knowledge, special skills and be able to work with tools. The project itself can take a long time to complete.
• Factory-assembled gasoline generators are equipped with self-diagnosis - this unit monitors the operating parameters of the device. In addition, the generator includes an automatic start device - the unit begins to work as soon as the electricity is lost in the network. The gas generator can also be equipped with other additional devices, which are absent in “handicraft” models.
• Unlike factory ones, homemade gasoline generators made at home usually have large dimensions and weight.

Making a gas generator yourself

If you have time, and most importantly, desire, then you can make a gas generator with your own hands. How to proceed, what is needed for this? Let's tell you in more detail.

Thus, to manufacture a gas generator you need: a gasoline engine, alternator and an inverter to convert voltage.

For homemade generator can be used lawn mower engine, motorcycle or car.

Currently available wide choose generators. The best solution is the choice of a car generator that produces 24 V and 12 V. This choice is supported by the presence of built-in voltage regulator.

It is worth paying attention to the inconsistency of a low-power engine with a car generator. It is designed to work with a powerful car engine.

A generator with electromagnetic excitation, when operating a small motor, will produce current at low speeds. The engine is at these speeds doesn't get enough power and that's why it stalls. To avoid this, it is necessary to make the output current smaller by balancing the excitation coil.

Some experts make do with a voltage converter unit uninterruptible power supply, which can be taken from office equipment. You can use the system unit from your computer.

In addition to the above parts, you will also need:

1. The basis for a gas generator is an old tire. You can use the shell from household appliances as a housing - washing machine, air conditioner, etc.
2. Tank. Under fuel tank can be used plastic bottle for 5 l.
3. Muffler.

The elements of the gas generator are attached to the tire. They need to be fastened very firmly, because during operation of the unit they can strong vibrations occur. By installing a muffler, you can reduce the noise level of the gas generator. It will also keep the exhaust from spreading.

Gas generator operation

In order for the device to work for a long time and without failure, you must adhere to the operating rules. They are simple and easy to do:

A gas generator can become reliable source backup or main power supply.

Make your own gas generator small sizes not difficult. The assembly is justified if all the necessary components are available. Otherwise gasoline generator self-production may cost more than a factory unit.

It is impossible to overestimate the role of electricity in the life of modern man. Industrial production, modern industry, medical devices, lighting of streets and buildings, heating and heating - everything functions thanks to electric current. Minor power outages can lead to emergency situations.

A gas generator allows you to solve many problems associated with a lack of electricity. You can purchase a factory model of the generator or make the unit yourself.

A gas generator is an indispensable assistant in everyday life and at work.

A backup source of electricity is an indispensable thing for residents country houses, holiday villages and lovers of outdoor recreation. A gas generator provides power to the entire house in the event of a central power failure and is a mobile source of electricity for a water pump, power tools and other devices.

Gasoline generators are inferior to diesel generators in many respects, but despite this, they are very popular for domestic, economic and industrial needs. The advantages of gas generators include:

Due to their advantages, gas generators have a wide range of applications:

Of course, not every gas generator is capable of meeting the electricity needs of a home. Some models are mobile and are usually used when going on vacation. More powerful types of gas generators can operate up to 1500 hours in a row.

The range of gasoline generators includes dozens of models, differing in energy reserves, power, size and resistance to adverse weather conditions. When choosing, it is important to compare the required power of a gas power plant with the characteristics declared by the manufacturer.

The required power of a gas generator is the total power of the main consumers of electricity, multiplied by a factor of 1.5

If purchasing a factory-made unit is not part of your plans, and an alternative source of electricity is needed today, then you can experiment and make a gas generator with your own hands. First you need to understand the device and understand the operating principle of a generator of this type.

Design and principle of operation of a gas generator

The operation of a portable electricity generating unit is based on the operation of a gasoline engine. The design of the generator is quite simple and includes three main elements:

1. Gasoline internal combustion engine (a two-wheel engine is installed on a low-power unit, a four-wheel engine is installed on generators with an increased power reserve).
2. Current generator.
3. Electrical modulation unit.

The elements are interconnected and installed on a single support. In addition, the gas generator is equipped with additional accessories:

• fuel tank;
• battery;
• manual starter;
• air filter;
• muffler.

Autonomous sources of electricity work on the principle: energy cannot be destroyed or created, it can only be transformed.

Stages of operation of a gas generator:

Homemade gas generator: pros and cons

Banal curiosity and the desire to save money forces “traditional craftsmen” to assemble their own copy of a gas generator. How feasible is this from a financial point of view and will such a device be durable? Opinions on this matter are divided.

Homemade gas generator: photo

Some experts claim that a properly assembled gasoline generator is reliable and will last no less than its factory-assembled counterpart. They highlight as additional advantages:

• the ability to “adjust” the parameters of the gas generator to your needs;
• saving Money- purchase of a new unit low power(0.75-1 kW) will cost 9000-12000 rubles;
• the pleasure of implementing your own project.

Supporters of factory-made products are skeptical about homemade gas generators, focusing on their shortcomings:

Making a gas generator with your own hands

If the creative passion has not faded, and the desire to acquire a homemade assistant is still strong, then you need to act and go for bold experiments. How to make a gas generator with your own hands? Let's try to figure it out.

Selection of components for a gas generator

So, to create a gas generator you need to get: a gasoline engine, an alternating current generator and an inverter that converts the voltage.

Most often for making homemade device They use engines from lawn mowers, chainsaws, motorcycles and cars.

The choice of generators is almost unlimited, but perhaps best option- a generator from a car that produces 24 and 12 V. Car generators already have a voltage regulator built into them.

Important! A low-power engine may not be compatible with a car generator, which is designed to work with a powerful car engine. An electromagnetic excitation generator, when operated with a small motor, produces full current at low speeds. The engine at such speeds does not “gain” sufficient power and stalls. Decide this problem It is possible - you need to reduce the output current by balancing the excitation coil.

Some craftsmen use an uninterruptible power supply, which is found in office equipment, as a voltage converter. A system unit from a computer will do.

In addition to the listed elements you will need:

Gasoline generator assembly

The components of the gas generator must be attached in several places to the tire. The mount must be very strong, since the engine and generator can vibrate strongly during operation. The noise level of a gas generator can be reduced by installing a muffler that will inhibit the spread of exhaust.

If you use a lawnmower engine, the entire installation can be assembled on the front cover of the device. As a device, you can make a plywood case, providing a removable wall for servicing and repairing the gas generator.

Increase life cycle gas generator and reduce the probability of failures to a minimum by correct operation devices. It is enough to follow simple rules:

Gasoline generator can become a reliable backup or main source of power supply, and a wide range allows you to choose a model based on your own needs. Products from Japanese and European manufacturers (Yamaha, Honda, SDMO, Fubag and Huter) have proven themselves well in domestic market. However, the cost of such gas generators is an order of magnitude higher than models with similar parameters from other companies.

You can make a small generator for household needs yourself. This will be advisable if all the components are available, otherwise a stand-alone unit will cost more than a factory gas generator.

The laws of physics tell us about the transformation of energy. Gasoline generator – indisputable confirmation.

Organic matter was converted into hydrocarbons, and this substance was made into fuel. When burned, gasoline produces thermal energy. It is converted into a mechanical one through the operation of the internal combustion engine. Mechanical energy rotates the generator shaft, and with the help of a system of magnets and windings, electrical energy appears.

We move from theory to practical description. Gasoline generator device:

What does it consist of

First of all, the base, or frame

With its help, the engine and generator housings are kept from rotating relative to each other. The torque on the motor shaft is quite strong, and the resistance of the generator rotor increases with increasing load.

If they are loose, these components can easily fall off the frame. In this case, the mounting points should not be rigid. Just like in a car engine, the suspension has cushion dampers to dampen vibrations.

Supports (wheels), controls and controls are attached to the frame, and compact models also the outer casing.

Drive unit

In our case, it is a gasoline internal combustion engine. Technologically, it is no different from a car or motorcycle. Features arise from operating conditions.

The generator is a stationary device, that is, it does not have the ability to be actively cooled by air flow. Therefore, the design must have a fan or water cooling system.

The generator motor operates at constant speeds and with a relatively even load. Therefore, the torque plateau is usually short.

Speed ​​control is related to the level of energy consumption. The controller constantly monitors the power taken and, if necessary, adds gas.

Two-stroke engines are easier to maintain, but are more power hungry, and the exhaust has a characteristic oily smell. Four-stroke plants are economical, environmentally friendly, but have a high cost.

Devices that ensure the operation of internal combustion engines

All kinds of filters, sensors, and other attributes of the motor - there is no point in describing them, they are standard and are present in any unit. The gas tank is located on top (in compact models there is no gas pump; the fuel flows by gravity).

The photo shows an ordinary, single-phase, frame generator. Such generators are equipped with four stroke engines, in most cases, analogues of Honda with overhead valve timing. Depending on the kW power of the generator, the engine power is calculated. In other words, for generators of 2.5-3.0 kW there are engines up to 210 cc. cm or up to 7 hp Engines with a volume of 240 to 290 cm3 are installed on generators with a power of 3.0-4.5 kW. or from 9 hp to 11 hp Large generators from 5.5 - 7 kW are equipped with engines from 13 to 15 hp. with a volume from 390 to 420 cubic meters. see at all powerful power plants up to 15 kW, 2-cylinder engines with a volume of 600 cc or more are usually installed.

Alternator design (generator part)

The principle of operation of a gas generator

A rotor is installed on the conical crankshaft of the engine, which, when rotated inside the stator winding, produces a magnetic field. After the generator is excited by an automatic voltage regulator, roughly speaking, the magnetic field is converted into electricity. Such generators operate at a constant speed of 3000 rpm, which is 50 hertz and 220 volts. This speed is maintained by a mechanical speed controller. Violation of the number of revolutions leads to a change in potential electrical quantity, in other words, if the speed is too low, the voltage drops and the device may not turn on, and if the speed is too high, the connected device may burn out.

Inverter generator device

The design of the inverter generator differs only in that the voltage and engine speed are regulated by an electric damper controlled by the inverter board. This is done for quieter operation of the device and to reduce fuel consumption. In most cases, the inverter generator is made not on a frame but in closed case type of suitcase. This was also done to reduce engine noise. Inverter generators designed for connecting devices with low starting current (such as light bulbs, TV, refrigerator, computer, etc.). This technique is ideal for going outdoors with a minimum number of electrical appliances; such a generator can be hidden behind something and it will practically not bother you with operating noise. If you connect devices with a high starting voltage (such as a pump, large electric motors, heaters, welders, etc.), you can easily burn the inverter board, which costs 2/3 of the cost of a new generator. Long and thin extension cords are also detrimental to inverter installations, as well as working in wet conditions, for example in the rain.