"Growing cucumbers on a personal plot" Research work. Work theme. Research work Research work growing cucumbers in open ground

Municipal educational institution Berezovskaya secondary school

Pervomaisky district

(research work)

Work completed

Malysheva Tatyana

6th grade student

Head of work

Tsion V.P. teacher

chemistry and biology.

With. Berezovka. 2011

1.Introduction……………………………………………………….3

2. Main part

2.1. Biological characteristics of cucumber…………………..…5

2.2. History of cucumber cultivation……………………………..6

2.3. Application in medicine and national economy...................8

1. Experimental work on growing cucumbers……...9

Conclusion…………………………………………………….….12

Applications……………………………………………………..14

1. 
   Introduction

Creeping stems

The leaves are prickly,

Flower - a funnel,

With a yellow crown;

And the green fruit

Good for mouth from the garden.

(Cucumber)
Our family loves cucumbers. Cucumber is one of the most common vegetable crops. In any garden in the tropics and subtropics, in the temperate zone, as well as in protected ground, you can find beds with cucumbers, from which green fruits are collected every day. Cucumbers are good at any time of the year; they are eaten fresh, salted and pickled, canned and stuffed with rice and meat. The refreshing aroma of cucumbers combines well with the aromatics of other foods and stimulates the appetite.

Green plants are a source of staple food. Species diversity vegetable plants extremely rich. Vegetable plants play an important role in the nutritional structure. Being a source of proteins, they add variety to constant use in food rice and starch. Eating vegetables increases the content of calcium and iron compounds in the diet and provides the human body with vitamins.

To increase the yield of vegetable crops, the use of mineral fertilizers is increasing, the use chemicals to combat diseases and pests. Thus, we are already getting a not entirely clean environmental product.

Based on the above, we believe that subject our research "Growing cucumbers in room conditions» relevant.

Relevance studying this topic is due to the fact that each of us loves this vegetable and uses it at home for food, so it is very useful product nutrition. But due to the difficult economic situation in our country, prices for this type of product are very high, and not every person will be able to buy organic cucumber at the market or in a store.

Problem of this study: Is it possible to grow organic cucumber indoors?

Target project: to reveal and study the stages and characteristics of the growth of cucumbers at home.
Tasks project:

• 
  form an idea of ​​​​a cucumber as biological form;
• 
  compose a biological characteristic of this plant;
• 
  study scientific and educational literature about the plant being studied;
• 
  study the conditions for growing cucumbers at home;
• 
  conduct research work on growing cucumbers indoors;
• 
  carry out step-by-step observation of the plant under study;
• 
  develop the ability to see a problem and outline ways to solve it;
• 
  instill hard work and responsibility in the child.

Hypothesis research: if you use certain seeds when growing cucumbers indoors, follow the rules of planting and caring for the plant, create favorable conditions for growing vegetables, you can get an environmentally friendly harvest of cucumbers.
Stage 1- “Immersion” in the problem. At this stage, we have established that cucumber is the most common vegetable crop, which, unfortunately, is not always available.

Stage 2- Search and theoretical. At this stage, we studied the literature about the plant under study.

Stage 3- Carrying out activities. At this stage, research work and observations were carried out on growing cucumbers indoors.

Stage 4 - O generalizing. Results of obtaining the product. General recommendations.

Stage 5- Presentation.

2. Main part

2.1. Biological characteristics of cucumber

Heat requirements.

Cucumber is one of the most heat-loving plants. It does not tolerate temperatures below zero, and temperatures such as 3-4 degrees Celsius for 2-3 days stop growth and cause plant death. The optimal air temperature for the growth and development of cucumber is 25-30 degrees, and the soil temperature is 20-25.

Day length requirements.

Cucumber is a short-day plant. Plant development in the initial period is faster on a shortened day; a short day (10-12 hours) is necessary during the period of growing seedlings. Young plants grown on short days develop better and produce a higher early yield.

Light requirements.

Cucumber is the most demanding on the intensity and duration of light. When shaded, the cucumber grows poorly and does not bear fruit. Strong shading (when thickening) of cucumber crops causes increased development of the main stem and the formation of male flowers.

Requirements for soil and air moisture.

The cucumber has a high need for increased moisture in both the soil and relative humidity air. The plant's need for water increases as it grows and becomes greatest during fruiting. Ensure normal fruiting and good quality greenery is possible only if you maintain high humidity soil. Cucumber places especially high demands on air humidity. The optimal air humidity for cucumber is 80-90%. With increased soil moisture, plants tolerate dry air much more easily.

Requirements for soil fertility and nutrients.

Relatively underdeveloped root system cucumber adapted for use nutrients from soil rich in humus, which explains the exceptionally high demands of this crop on soil fertility. The high need for nutrients in cucumber is also explained by the intensive growth of plants. Mineral fertilizers provide plants with nutrition in the first periods of their growth and development, while organic fertilizers provide nutrition in later periods.

During the growing season, cucumber is very sensitive to changes in mineral nutrition. Optimal nitrogen nutrition ensures rapid growth of leaf apparatus and root system, sufficient supply of plants with phosphorus and potassium accelerates flowering and growth of vegetative mass, phosphorus-potassium nutrition with a lack of nitrogen retards plant growth and leads to crushing and deformity of fruits. Cucumber is very demanding of potassium fertilizer. Potassium fertilizers not only increase yields, but also increase resistance to diseases and low temperatures and improve the marketability of fruits.
Biological features of the variety Podmoskovnie vechera F-1.

Early ripening, parthenocarpic hybrid of female or predominantly female flowering type with massive yield for protected and open ground.
2.2 History of cucumber cultivation
Cucumbers are the most common light-loving, heat-loving vegetable. In no other country do they eat as many cucumbers as in Russia. Our folk vegetables: cabbage, carrots, onions and cucumbers. Fresh, it crunches pleasantly on the teeth. Its cool smell stimulates the appetite. But I especially loved it

cucumber to the Russian peasant because, like cabbage, it can be stored for future use.

In the old days, among Russian villages there were many cucumber gardeners. In the village of Bolshoye Akulovo, on the banks of the Oka River, opposite the city of Murom, peasants grew early-ripening Murom cucumber. The borage plants near Moscow had their own varieties: Borovskaya and Nerosimy, which is hardy to wet weather. The Ivanovskys have their own, Vyaznikovsky, with a white spot on the top of the head. The gardeners worked with love and diligence, but our summer is too short for a tropical vegetable.

The cucumber comes from Italy. There, not so long ago, thirty years ago, its ancestor was discovered - the thick-skinned wild cucumber. The Egyptians were familiar with cucumber two thousand years BC.

Cucumber was grown in many southern countries. To please Emperor Tiberius, a lover of fresh cucumbers, craftsmen Ancient Rome They came up with the idea of ​​growing seedlings in boxes placed on wheels. The wheels were turned so that sunlight fell on the seedlings all day.

Russia is a northern country. Here in March, and sometimes in April, white with snow, cold ground. You can’t ask the sun: start spring early, warm the earth! The man decided to do it himself. He dug a hole, placed a frame made of logs over it, filled the hole with hot manure, poured it over the ground, and sowed cucumbers in it. And the top of the frame was covered with a glass frame.

Manure floats the earth, hence the name – greenhouse. It’s like there’s a stove burning underground, without wood, without coal, without fire. The sloping glass sun roof lets in Sun rays, but does not release heat from the sun-heated earth. There is snow in the field, but in the greenhouse, by the will of man, spring has begun and the seedlings have turned green.

The manure burned out, and the underground self-heating stove cooled down. But the frosts have already ended, and the seedlings are moving to the beds, into the soil warmed by the sun.

The village sold cucumbers to the city. The urban population grew and the demand for early vegetables grew. The cucumbers needed a more spacious frost shelter, with a stove that would be lit for several months a year.

Our first warm houses for cucumbers - greenhouses with one sloping glass wall, with an iron stove - were built in the middle of the last century in Klin. Living space in the greenhouse is tight. Cunning Klinov craftsmen installed a trellis in the greenhouse - a wooden frame on which strings are stretched like strings. Clinging to them with his antennae, the cucumber, becoming a steeplejack, rose up to the ceiling.

It seemed that the person had defeated the frost, but the plant needed not only warmth, but also light. In the dark winter months, Klin craftsmen did not light the stoves, did not sow cucumbers, and kept the greenhouse locked.

But the man did not give up. The cucumber craftsmen also found allies: chemists, designers, builders, glassblowers.

In the old days, when glass had not yet been invented, those who were richer inserted it into window frame plates of mica, who is poorer - pulled a bull over the wound

bubble. The cloudy window did not let in any light. And today, without a glass solar roof, there would be neither a greenhouse nor a greenhouse.

How did chemists participate in the war against frost? They came up with a recipe for making plastic film. By May, the cucumber seedlings became crowded in the greenhouse; they were planted in the beds. But often she died from May frosts. Now the seedlings are covered like a blanket plastic film. A polyethylene roll is taken out to the field, the film is stretched over placed metal arcs. And it turns out to be a long tent, like a tunnel. Seedlings can be planted in such a tent earlier. It will protect the plants from frost, and they will have enough light.

The hardest thing for the cucumber to penetrate was the Far North. And yet the cucumber violated the border. We have greenhouses with steam heating on Dikson Island in the Arctic Circle. There is impenetrable darkness outside the windows. The black polar night lasts six months. But as soon as you turn the switch, it’s as if the sun has risen in the greenhouse - the home of the cucumber. Solar-bright lamps are supplied to winterers by the electric plant.

A cucumber grows in a warm and bright house, and it also grows in open ground. Is it possible to grow a cucumber indoors?

2.3 Application in medicine and national economy
In folk medicine, cucumbers are used for stomach diseases as a laxative; cucumber juice is widely used in cosmetics.

Cucumbers are eaten not only by ripe green fruits, but also by the testes. In some countries of Southeast Asia and Western Europe Such fruits are preserved. Marinades and gravies are also prepared from them. In Malaysia and Indonesia, young cucumber leaves (fresh or boiled) are eaten.

The cucumber can also become an export item. World production of cucumbers currently occupies one of the leading places in the national economy. In the subtropical and other regions of China, up to 4 million tons are collected per year, in Russia, in the temperate zone, the collection is 1.4 million tons. Cucumbers are grown a lot in Japan, the USA, and Turkey.

3. Experimental work on growing cucumbers. Results of our own research.
Equipment: soil, seeds, planting equipment, camera.

Progress

For almost three months I watched the growth of cucumbers on the windowsill. Res

Municipal educational budgetary institution

secondary school No. 4 in Labinsk

Municipal entity Labinsky district

Research work on the topic:

“Growing different hybrids of cucumbers on the windowsill”

student of 4th "A" class. MOBU secondary school No. 4, Labinsk

Head: Grigorieva L.V.

Teacher primary classes MOBU secondary school No. 4, Labinsk

Labinsk

Introduction

Botanical and biological features cucumber

Characteristics of hybrids “Moscow Nights”, “Merengue”, “Zozulya”.

Experimental methodology.

Progress.

Conclusions.

Bibliography.

INTRODUCTION

There are more than 1,200 species of vegetable plants around the globe, belonging to 78 botanical families. About half of them are cultivated, and the rest grow wild. About 78 species of vegetable plants are grown in our country.

The nutritional value of vegetables is determined by their high content of easily digestible carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, aromatic and minerals, a varied combination of which determines the taste, color and smell of these healthy products.

The main indicator of the quality of vegetables is the biochemical composition. They contain up to 96-98% water and, despite this, are of great importance in human nutrition. This is due to the fact that the small amount of dry matter found in vegetables contains many biologically important compounds that are required for the normal functioning of the body.

Vegetables are an important source of mineral salts. Parsley leaves, green pea, onions, cabbage, parsnips - rich in calcium.

The nutritional value of cucumber is determined by the presence of enzymes that promote better absorption of protein foods. Positively affect the activity of the heart and kidneys. The fruits contain only up to 3-5% dry matter. Including 1.5-2% sugar and 0.5% mineral salts.

BOTANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CUCUMBER.

Cucumber(cucumissativusL ) belongs to the biological family Cucurbitaceae ( Cucurbitaceae ). This annual plant with a growing season of 40 to 80 days. Most small-fruited bee-pollinated cucumber varieties come from the tropical jungles of India and Nepal. The homeland of large-fruited parthenocarpic varieties is China.

Cucumber is a monoecious, liana-like plant with a creeping stem, if there is support, it curls, clinging to it with its tendrils. In bush or semi-bush forms the stem is short (20 cm), in long-stemmed forms it reaches 2 meters. The leaves are large, five-lobed, rough. Able to form lateral shoots from buds in the axils of leaves, as well as tendrils, flowers (fruits) and adventitious roots. Branching of the stem and growth of lateral shoots begin from the axils of the lower leaves. Then the axillary buds of the overlying leaves awaken to growth. Cucumber flowers are yellow, usually dioecious (plants are monoecious). The male flowers are collected in inflorescences (scutellum). The female flowers of the cucumber are solitary and have a lower ovary. Sometimes they appear in groups of 2-3 flowers. Pollination is cross-pollinated (by insects), but sometimes fruits are formed without fertilization. The fruit is a pumpkin (multi-seeded false berry) of various sizes with three seed chambers. Numerous varieties of cucumber have fruits of various shapes (from round to oblong) and sizes (length from 5 to 100 cm), they vary in the intensity of the color of the peel (from almost white to dark brown), pubescence, and tuberculation. A sign of the beginning of seed ripening is the appearance of a net on the surface of the fruit and roughening of the skin.

Cucumber seeds with a yellowish tint, the weight of 1000 seeds is from 16 to 35 grams, they remain viable for 6-8 years. Cucumber can form parthenocarpic fruits without fertilization of the flower ovules, only due to the vegetative growth of the ovary. These fruits have no seeds, they reach a length of more than 20 cm. When fully ripe, the fruits lose nutritional value and taste. They become larger (1.5-2 times), change shape and color (to yellowish-white, orange-yellow, brown).

The origin of the cucumber from tropical countries determines its requirements for short daylight hours to enter the reproductive period. In the process of long-term culture, man created many different varieties adapted to unequal day lengths. The flowers bloom early in the morning and remain open for 2 days. Flowering gradually spreads to the upper axillary buds of the main stem and lateral shoots. Female flowers mainly predominate on the side shoots, and male flowers on the main stem.

In cucumber, when greens are regularly harvested, vegetative growth does not stop. But with the beginning of the formation of mature fruits and seeds, an increased residue of nutrients begins in them and growth and flowering stops. Plants age and die. With systematic collection of greens, a cucumber can continue to grow, bloom and set fruit for 10 months (in greenhouses).

The root system of the cucumber is taprooted, with a clearly defined main root. It branches heavily and has the bulk of its roots at a depth of 20-25 cm.

Unripe fruits are used for food - greens (6-15 days old), which by this time have reached the length characteristic of the variety. In some countries of Southeast Asia and Western Europe, the seeds (ripe fruits) are eaten fresh and canned, and in Indonesia, dishes are prepared from fresh or boiled leaves. Cucumber fruits are bitter due to the accumulation of the glucoside alatsanitin. This depends on the variety, and is also associated with the suspension of growth processes (during drought, prolonged cold snap, natural aging of plants). Some varieties and hybrids of cucumbers are not bitter.

Cucumbers have a pleasant taste and delicate aroma, which together gives a feeling of freshness, stimulates the appetite, and improves the taste of other dishes. They contain a lot of water (95-98%), but the mineral salts dissolved in it are in such successful combination that the usefulness of cucumbers as a product of everyday and therapeutic nutrition can hardly be overestimated. Cucumbers also contain vitamins (in small quantities) and microelements, including iodine. They have a therapeutic effect for gout, diabetes, obesity, thyroid diseases, prevent the occurrence of cholelithiasis and kidney stones, salt deposition in the joints, and have a laxative and diuretic effect. Cucumber juice relieves inflammation, softens and whitens the skin. Popular cosmetic creams and lotions.

Cucumbers are used fresh, salted and pickled (salad varieties are not suitable for canning). Cucumber pickle Used as a mild laxative and to improve appetite.

In our country, cucumber began to be grown in the 18th-19th century. It has long been widely used due to its early ripening and high taste qualities. Cucumber is grown annually on an area of ​​150-160 thousand hectares, and the gross harvest is about 1.1-1.2 million tons. in year.

On the territory of our country, original techniques and methods of its cultivation in open and protected ground were developed, and a number of valuable varieties of folk selection were created. Currently, cucumber remains the leading crop in protected ground; in open ground it ranks third.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRIDS

Hybrid “Moscow Evenings”. Early ripening (42-45 days), parthenocarpic hybrid for spring-summer film shelters. The plant is strongly climbing, has a female type of flowering, and is prone to bunch formation of ovaries. Zelentsy are cylindrical, sparsely tuberculate, dark green, white-thorned, 12-14 cm long, weighing 80-110 g, with excellent taste. The value of the hybrid: it has complex resistance to diseases, abundant and friendly fruiting even in partial shade, increased resistance to temperature changes, long-term yield. Recommended for fresh consumption, pickling and canning.

Hybrid "Zozulya". Early maturing, partially parthenocarpic hybrid for protected soil. Resistant to a range of diseases. The plant is medium-climbing, medium-sized. The greens are cylindrical, 12-14 cm long, weighing 250-300 g. Fruits with a genetic lack of bitterness, intended for salad purposes, have high taste qualities. Suitable for pickling without long-term storage.

The culture is demanding of heat, soil and air moisture. Placed on humus-rich soils. The optimal soil temperature for seed germination is +25-30 degrees.

Hybrid "Meringue". A hybrid with high stress resistance and excellent regenerative properties, a leader in commercial product yield. We begin harvesting fruits 37-38 days after germination.

The fruits are regular cylindrical in shape, dark green, 8-10 cm long, without bitterness. Large tuberous cucumber fruits with a small seed chamber.

EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY

Experience Theme: “Growing different hybrids of cucumbers on the windowsill.”

Purpose of the experience: Identify the most productive cucumber hybrid when grown at home.

Experience Objectives: To study the characteristics of growth, development and yield formation of the tested cucumber hybrids.

The experiment was carried out in three variants, three plants of each variant. For each plant, a 5 liter pot was taken.

During the research process, carry out the following records and observations::

Phenological: date of sowing, emergence of seedlings, male and female flowers, formation of foliage, harvesting.

Biometric: length of the main shoot. The number of leaves, their length, width, leaf area on the plant.

Harvesting: carry out the hybrids, taking into account the number of fruits, the weight of the fruit, the weight of fruits from one bush, the weight of fruits from the registered plants.

PROGRESS

I carried out the experimental work at home.

To conduct my experiment, I took 9 flower pots, volume 5 liters. Before sowing the seeds, I made a soil mixture of 2 parts soil, 1 part sand, 1 part humus. I placed expanded clay at the bottom of the container to remove any remaining moisture, and poured in the prepared mixture.

Then we sowed the seeds and placed the pots on the windowsill on the east side of the house.

Option 1 - control. Hybrid "Zozulya"

Option 2 - hybrid “Moscow Evenings”

Option 3 - hybrid “Meringue”

All three variants were seeded in same conditions, in boxes. After the emergence of seedlings, we began to observe the growth and development of plants, recording all the data in an observation diary.

Table No. 1

Seed germination

Hybrid

Number of seeds

Number of sprouted seeds

Zozulya

Moscow Nights

Meringue

On November 1, we sowed 10 seeds of each hybrid in the warmed ground; the table shows that the hybrid Podmoskovnie Vechera, out of 10 seeds, sprouted best of all. The Zozulya hybrid sprouted 70%, and the Meringue hybrid sprouted worst of all - 60%. We transplanted the strongest plants into pots and placed them on the windowsill of the children's room. For observations, we selected three plants of each variant.

Table No. 2

Phenological observations

Phenological phases

Zozulya

Moscow Nights

Meringue

Sowing seeds

01.11.12

01.11.12

01.11.12

Emergence of seedlings

05.11.12

06.11.12

05.11.12

Appearance of the first true leaf

14.11.12

13.11.12

12.11.12

Beginning of male flowers blooming

30.11.12

28.11.12

25.11.12

Beginning of female flowers blooming

3.12.12

1.12.12

28.11.12

Appearance of the ovary

9.12.12

5.12.12

1.12.12

First harvest

19.12.12

12.12.12

9.12.12

Collection last harvest

17.02.13

07.01.13

5.02.13

Number of fees

The beginning of leaf wilting

20.01.13

25.12.12

17.01.12

Complete wilting of the bush

20.02.13

15.01.13

10.02.13

The seeds were sown on November 1, the shoots of the hybrid Meringue and Zozulya appeared on November 5, and on November 6 the seeds of the hybrid Podmoskovnie Vechera sprouted. In the phase of the appearance of the first true leaf, we transplanted the plants to their permanent place. Appeared and bloomed male flowers the Meringue cucumber was the first to bloom on 11/25/12, the male flowers of the Zozulya hybrid bloomed later than everyone else,

5 days later. 11/28/12 observed the beginning of flowering of cucumbers Moscow evenings. The ovary of the hybrid Meringue appeared three days after the female flowers bloomed on December 1, the ovary of the hybrid Podmoskovnie Vechery appeared four days later, and last of all, the greens of Zozulya appeared. Already on December 9, we cut the hybrid Meringue cucumber, carefully so as not to damage the vine. On the three counting plants, the cucumbers were almost the same and very tasty. Soon, on December 12, we harvested the hybrid Podmoskovnye Evenings, we picked four cucumbers from three bushes, and two small fruits developed in one bosom at once. Later, everyone was harvested cucumbers of the Zozulya hybrid ten days after harvesting the Meringue cucumbers. Zelenets Zozuli was longer than the previous fruits, but in taste it was not inferior to the previous ones. After we picked the cucumbers several times, the vines gradually began to fade. The hybrid Podmoskovnie Vecheri began this phase earlier than anyone else; at the end of December, the cucumber leaves of this hybrid began to turn yellow and fall off. We picked the last cucumber on January 7, and by January 15 the bushes withered very quickly. Two days after the Moscow Evening bushes withered, the leaves of the Meringue began to dry out, although there were still many female flowers on the vine. After another three days, I noticed that Zozulya’s leaves began to dry out as well. By February 10, we managed to make 10 collections of the Meringue hybrid, after which the plants completely withered. The Zozulya variety turned out to be the most resistant, which we took as control; we noted the wilting of the bushes on 02/20/13.

Throughout the growing season, we fed the plants with an infusion of banana peels, without adding chemicals.

Observing our plants, we noted everything morphological characteristics our cucumbers.

Table No. 3

Morphological characteristics of cucumber

Morphological indicators

Zozulya

Moscow Nights

Meringue

Main stem length

Number of leaves per plant

Leaf blade length

Leaf blade width

Number of female flowers

Number of male flowers

Number of ovaries on the plant

Analyzing table No. 3, it should be noted that the most powerful and productive hybrid was the Meringue; it was from this hybrid that the largest harvest was obtained - 14 greens per bush, while the leaf blade of the hybrid was the most voluminous. For 32 female flowers, we counted only 15 male ones. The length of the main stem of Meringue was 140 cm. We collected 12 cucumbers from plants of the hybrid Podmoskovnie Vechera. The number of female flowers on the plant was about 30, the leaves on the plants were not very small. And in last place was the control variant Zozulya; during the longest growing season we collected the least number of fruits from the plant - 10 pieces. This hybrid had the most female flowers - 34 pcs., the smallest leaves, the length of the main stem did not differ significantly from the Meringue hybrid by only 15 cm. During the experiment, we watered the cucumbers every other day and fed them with infused and diluted water once every ten days. banana peel.

By observing the growth and development of cucumbers, we analyzed the yield of the tested hybrids. All data was entered into a table.

Table No. 4

Cucumber yield

Indicators

Zozulya

Moscow Nights

Meringue

Number of fruits per bush, pcs.

Number of fruits from counting bushes, pcs.

Average weight of one fruit, g

Average weight from counting bushes, g

Productivity per bush, kg

Productivity from counting bushes, kg

Harvesting cucumbers is no less important than the process of growing them; greens were collected in the morning, when the cucumbers were tight and filled with moisture. These cucumbers have the best taste and smell. In order not to damage the lashes, the cucumbers were carefully cut with scissors.

As a result of the experiment, the Zozulya hybrid turned out to be the most productive, due to the fact that the fruits of this hybrid were the longest and heaviest. The weight of one greenie ranged from 170 to 210 grams. But the number of greens from the bush was the smallest. The fruits of the hybrid Podmoskovnye Vechery were slightly smaller, their weight ranged from 75 to 120 grams, although in the end they lost to the Meringue hybrid. In Meringue, the greens were, in general, smaller than in the previous ones, but their quantity increased significantly. If the hybrid Zozulya had 28 fruits removed from the bushes, then the Meringue had 20 more fruits. The taste of the greens was almost the same, very tasty, and not at all similar to the market ones. We harvested almost 6 kilograms from three bushes of the Zozulya hybrid, almost 4.5 kilograms from the Meringue bushes, and a little more than 4 kilograms from Moscow Evenings. Not only I, but also my whole family was pleased with the results of the harvest.

CONCLUSIONS

Cucumber is a crop that is in high and stable demand throughout the year. In all seasons, the supplier of greens products is protected soil. In addition to it, for growing a small volume of products and meeting the demand of a particular family, ordinary indoor conditions can serve. Therefore, the choice of variety in this case determines the success of the business.

Based on this experience, I cannot single out any one hybrid from the test subjects to recommend growing indoors, because they are all worthy of praise.

We obtained the highest yield from the Zozulya hybrid, which has long been recommended for growing indoors, and which we considered the control. We got 5.9 kilograms from three plants.

The Podmoskovnie Vecheres hybrid turned out to be the least productive; only 4.2 kilograms were harvested from it; it began to turn yellow before anyone else and its vines withered faster than all other hybrids.

We really liked the Meringue hybrid, the cucumbers were small, but two of them were formed from almost every bosom. As a result, after the vines died off, we harvested 4.4 kilograms of this hybrid. It remained green longer than all other hybrids, and the Meringue lashes were the longest.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. E.I.Glebova, A.I.Voronina. "Vegetable and fruit growing." -402s.

1. 1. A.N. Fisenko, K.A. Serpukhovitina, A.I. Stolyarov. “Garden and vegetable garden” -99s.

      N.S. Korogodova, G.P. Shultseva. “Production of vegetables under glass and film” “Ear” 1989.

      A.D. Jahangirov, V.P. Kuzmishchev. " encyclopedic Dictionary young farmer" 1983

      Magazine " Homestead farming» No. 4 2007, pp. 34-35

      Magazine “Homestead Farming” No. 3 2007, pp. 22-23

      "Economy" No. 5, 2012, pp. 10-11

      "Economy" No. 30, 2011, p. 1

Report

My name is Sergova Angelina, I study in 4th grade. Last year, my teacher and I decided to conduct experimental work on growing cucumbers indoors in winter.

We picked up a lot of literature, studied it, and I prepared for cultivation very carefully.

Mom helped me mix the soil with humus, we added sand, and on November 1 we sowed three different hybrids in boxes.

Photo of sowing

The table shows that almost all of the seeds of the hybrid Podmoskovnye Vecheri sprouted, but the Meringue hybrid sprouted only 60%.

Photos of seedlings

Observing the growth and development of plants, we noted all phenological phases. From Table 2, it is clear that seedlings of all three hybrids appeared almost simultaneously. But then the Merengue hybrid took the lead in all respects, it was the first to develop an ovary, greenery began to grow, and it was from the bush of this hybrid that we first picked a cucumber.

The hybrid Moscow Evenings was a little behind him in all phases, he was 3-4 days late..

The Zozulya hybrid came in last place, although it had the longest growing season. Zelentsy grew longer than the others.

Analyzing table No. 3, it should be noted that the Meringue hybrid was the most powerful and productive; it was from this hybrid that we got the largest harvest - 14 greens per bush, while the leaf blade of the hybrid was the most voluminous. We collected 12 cucumbers from the plants of the Moscow Nights hybrid. The number of female flowers on the plant was about 30, the leaves on the plants were average. And in last place was the control variant Zozulya; during the longest growing season we collected the least number of fruits from the plant - 10 pieces. This hybrid had the most female flowers - 34 pieces, the smallest leaves, the length of the main stem did not differ significantly from the Meringue hybrid by only 15 cm.

As a result of the experiment, the Zozulya hybrid turned out to be the most productive, due to the fact that the fruits of this hybrid were the longest and heaviest. The weight of one greenie ranged from 170 to 210 grams. The fruits of the hybrid were a little smaller. Podmoskovnye Vecheras, their weight ranged from 75 to 120 grams, although in the end they lost to the Meringue hybrid. In Meringue, the greens were generally smaller than in the previous ones, but their quantity increased significantly. If the hybrid Zozulya had 28 fruits removed from the bushes, then the Meringue had 20 more fruits.

1. Introduction

Man has been cheating in the house for a long time beautiful plants. Even large trees such as palm and lemon are grown. Almost no mature vegetable plants are grown in the room. Despite this, I decided to try to grow cucumbers indoors to find out for myself whether it was possible to get a small harvest of cucumbers from this growing method.

I set a goal:

develop conditions for growing cucumbers at home.

My tasks:

study scientific and educational literature about the plant under study;

find out the conditions for growing cucumbers at home;

carry out practical work on growing cucumbers in room conditions;

set the time for sowing seeds;

identify the effect of fertilizers on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings and ovaries cucumbers.

carry out observation of the plant under study.

Research hypothesis:

if you create the right conditions for growing cucumbers indoors, you can get a small harvest of cucumbers.

Research methods:

Search and analysis of literature on the problem

Working on the Internet

Conversation with adults

Conducting an experiment

Observation

Watching TV

1. 1. Information about the plant

From educational literature, I learned that cucumber is one of the most common vegetable crops. Cucumbers are good at any time of the year; they are eaten fresh, salted and pickled.

Cucumber is a heat-loving, moisture-loving plant that requires fertile soil, good lighting and wind protection. Pollination by bees is desirable, which increases yield.

1. 2. History of growing cucumbers

The teacher and my parents told me that cucumbers are the most famous, light-loving and heat-loving vegetable. The optimal (one might say the best) temperature for seed germination, plant growth and development is +25ºС; at temperatures below +15ºС, plant growth and development are delayed, and the plant does not tolerate frost.

From the Internet I learned that cucumber comes from India. In Russia, this culture became widely known in the 15th century.

To start growing cucumbers indoors, I had to carefully study the preparation of the soil for sowing seeds and consider all the conditions for the development of seedlings. Choose the right seeds.

I learned that the soil contains nutrients, apply mineral fertilizers and fertilizing.

1. 3. Beneficial features cucumber

From a TV show I learned that these vegetables have enormous nutritional and medicinal value. They contain a large amount of vitamins and other substances necessary for our body.

Today, medicine has proven that cucumber infusion is very beneficial for the body. It perfectly quenches thirst, eliminates dryness during illness, and has a good effect on digestion.

Having learned so much useful information, I decided to take action.

2. Experimental activities

for growing cucumbers indoors

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Transcript

1 Research work Topic of work "Growing cucumbers on personal plot" Completed by: Tikhonova Olesya Vitalievna, student 3 "A" class of the Municipal budgetary educational institution of secondary secondary school with in-depth study individual items 30 of the city of Pyatigorsk Head: Kobrina Natalya Viktorovna, primary school teacher MBOU secondary school 30. 0

2 Contents Introduction 2 2. Methodology 3 3. Research results Literature review Results of observations and research Conclusion 5 5. Conclusion 6 Appendices

3 Introduction Cucumbers are a source of trace elements and iodine. They contain more iodine than lettuce, potatoes and onions (Appendix 1). In therapeutic nutrition, cucumbers are used for obesity and diabetes. Cucumber fruits contain little sodium chloride, which retains water in the body, a lot of phosphorus, calcium and potassium, which the body needs for cardiovascular diseases, in a word - cucumbers contain many beneficial properties. Cucumber is the health worker of our body. The fruits contain tonic enzymes that promote better absorption of protein foods and improve digestion. Purpose of the work: to grow cucumbers in open ground and get fruits. Objectives: 1. Obtain information about growing cucumbers in open ground. 2. Sow and grow cucumbers. 3. Observe the growth and development of cucumber plants and fruits. 4. Record the results, take photographs. Relevance of the study: cucumber consumption is diverse. They are most valuable fresh in salads, mixed with green onions, tomatoes, radishes, parsley, dill. Cucumbers are also used in preparing stuffed second courses. Finally, large quantities of cucumbers are prepared at home for future use: they are salted, pickled, and canned (Appendix 2). In folk medicine fresh cucumbers and the juice is used for diseases of the stomach, liver, kidneys, and for caring for the skin of the face, neck and hands. Duration of the study: research on the growth of cucumbers took place over a period of 5 months (from May to September 2015). Location of the study: cucumbers were grown on a personal plot. 2

4 2. Method of work We studied the experience of several gardeners, but used the recommendations set out in the book "Encyclopedia of a Gardener" (2000). Conducted observations using recommendations from the manual “Young Explorer of Nature”. 3. Research results 3.1 Literature review Cucumber annual herbaceous plant pumpkin family. Its stem is round, rounded-faceted or faceted, usually creeping, but with the help of tendrils it is able to wrap around supports and take a vertical position. The cucumber has a main stem and side shoots. The length and degree of branching of the stem varies depending on the variety and growing conditions (Appendix 1). The root system of the cucumber is weak, so it is necessary to maintain its integrity as much as possible when growing cucumber seedlings. When sowing cucumber seeds, it is unacceptable to thin them by pulling out excess plants. You should pluck out their above-ground parts or trim them so as not to damage the roots of nearby plants. You cannot loosen the soil deeply with ordinary hoes. The bright orange-yellow color of flowers containing small amounts of nectar attracts bees and other insects, which transfer pollen from male to female flowers (Appendix 3). Cucumber is a light-loving plant that responds to changes in lighting. Most high yields can be obtained in good lighting, so sunny places on the site should be allocated for the cucumber. Cucumber is very demanding temperature conditions. Plants do not tolerate frost at all and immediately react to changes in temperature. To grow a cucumber you need high humidity soil and air, so to get a good harvest the plant should be well watered. 3

5 The growth and development of cucumbers is affected by the wind, as it increases the evaporation of water from the leaves, from the soil surface, and carries away carbon dioxide and, as a result, photosynthesis and productivity decrease. When there are strong dry winds, the growth and development of plants, the formation of fruits, and their overall productivity decreases, and sometimes stop altogether. 3.2 Results of observations and research Features of landing. We planted cucumbers in two ways: 1 way. We soaked the seeds and planted them in open ground when the soil warmed up to +15, +17 C. Holes were prepared for sowing, which were placed in one row. 4-5 seeds were placed in each hole. Sowing depth up to 2 cm (Appendix 4). Method 2. We used seedlings. To do this, we laid out ridges, in the middle of which we made holes 20 cm deep and planted seedlings in them (Appendix 5). Growth of cucumbers. Cucumber shoots appeared 8 days after sowing. They were in the form of two succulent cotyledon leaves, which, after reaching the surface, continued to grow for 10 days (Appendix 6). Then real leaves began to develop and 25 days after emergence, the plants already had 3-5 leaves. Antennae began to develop in the axils of the 8th leaf (Appendix 7). Within a month, the stems reached 7-12 cm. The plants began to bloom 40 days after sowing. After another 7 days, fruits appeared (Appendix 8). We measured the fruits and found that at a daytime air temperature of C, cucumbers grow on average 3-4 cm per day (Appendix 9). We received our first harvest 45 days after germination. Watering cucumbers should be done with warm water. To do this, we installed a barrel near the ridge with cucumbers and poured water into it early in the morning, so that in 4

Day 6 she warmed up. During fruiting, we watered the cucumbers once every 2 days in the evening (Appendix 10). The fruits must be removed carefully so as not to damage the vines. At the same time, we removed yellow and diseased fruits and hooks so that they would not weaken the plants and delay the formation of new ovaries. We collected cucumber fruits every other day, about 5 cucumbers from one bush. Features of growing cucumbers. We used several methods of growing cucumbers: 1st method - "Grow". We used to grow “grown” cucumbers in beds where there was more space so that the plants could spread freely along the ground. The uniform distribution of cucumber vines allowed the plants to make full use of sunlight. In July, when it was very hot, moisture remained under the leaves longer and the cucumbers did not dry out (Appendix 11). However, the fruits had to be collected very carefully so as not to disturb the plant stems and their position. In wet weather, the cucumber fruits were dirty, damp, and began to hurt (Appendix 12). Method 2 - growing cucumbers on a trellis. This method saves space, so we used it on beds where there was little space. Pegs were driven into the ground, and trellis wire was attached to them on top. When using a trellis, we tied the cucumber vines with twine (Appendix 13). The fruits here were clean, visible, good light conditions were maintained, and the risk of developing diseases was reduced due to ventilation. But during the drought, the vines were quickly sent to dry, and the cucumbers became bitter and hooked. 4. Conclusions 1. We used various ways planting cucumbers and found that cucumbers planted with seedlings produce fruits a month earlier than those sown. 5

7 2. According to the recommendations received, we grew 12 cucumber bushes and received a harvest from July to September. 3. Watching the growth of cucumbers, we found out that different growing methods have advantages and disadvantages. However, cucumbers grown on a trellis produced more fruit. Lack of moisture or its excess leads to cucumber disease and fruit spoilage (Appendix 14). 4. During the observation process, we recorded the results of the research and took photographs, which can be viewed in the Appendix. 5. Conclusion Growing cucumbers is not an extraordinarily difficult task, however, this crop has its own requirements. Cucumber loves light and moisture very much, and in relation to heat it is one of the most heat-loving crops. And if you take this matter seriously, you can get excellent harvest and not only enjoy cucumbers in the summer, but also prepare them for the winter. The whole family grew cucumbers with me. Dad, Vitaly Vladimirovich Tikhonov, made trellises for the lashes. Together with my sister, Yulia, and grandmother, Oleinik Evgenia Mikhailovna, we watered the cucumbers, tied up the vines, loosened the soil, and harvested the crops. And with my mother, Tatyana Nikolaevna Tikhonova, we recorded observations, took photographs, and did work. And the whole family prepared excellent pickles for the winter. Our research did not end there. We are planning on next year grow cucumbers in barrels. 6

8 Appendix 1 Cucumbers are a source of trace elements and iodine. Appendix 2 7

9 Appendix 3 Cucumber flowers. Appendix 4 Cucumbers sown in the ground. 8

10 Appendix 5 Cucumbers planted with seedlings. Appendix 6 First shoots. 9

11 Appendix 7 Antennae appeared. Appendix 8 Fruits have appeared. 10

12 Appendix 9 We measure the fruits. Appendix 10 11

13 Appendix 11 Planting Appendix 12 The cucumbers got sick. 12

14 Appendix 13 Appendix 14 Good fruits. 13

15 Sick fetus. 14

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