Gray primer for concrete. Selecting a primer for concrete for external and internal work. Features of the use of deep primers

Internal and external finishing walls is one of the most important stages home renovation. Of course, this operation should be performed correctly. The use of a primer can guarantee the quality of the finishing layer. There are several types of this material. For different surfaces mixtures of different compositions are used. In this article we will look in detail at what primers are. deep penetration for concrete.

Types of materials

All primers existing on modern market, are classified into primer paints and deep penetration paints. There is also a variety on sale, which is a mixture of glue and quartz sand. It's called concrete contact.

Primer paints are used for various types of smooth, dense smooth surfaces under varnishes and paints. Products with give a rough surface and are usually used under decorative plaster.

For porous surfaces that absorb liquids well, a deep penetration primer is used. Contact concrete and primer paints are easy to create on walls and floors durable film with certain properties. Deep penetration agents seep into the material through the pores. Primers of this type are most often made on the basis

Scope of application

Deep penetration primers are used, like any other, mainly to improve the adhesive qualities of the surface to be coated. These tools also allow you to:

Distribute the finish more evenly.

Reduce consumption of final finishing material.

Protect the material to be finished from the appearance of fungus or mold.

Eliminate minor differences and surface defects.

Features of deep penetration primers

Products of this type penetrate deep into the treated surfaces primarily due to the fact that the filler used for their manufacture has a very fine grain. Its dimensions are ten times smaller than those of any other types of primers.

It is thanks to the ability of this type of product to penetrate concrete that consumption is reduced. finishing material. Without a primer, paint and varnish will get into the pores, resulting in multiple coats. When finishing walls that absorb moisture well with a surface primer, good adhesion is not achieved. As a result finishing layer starts to lag behind. This is especially true when using wallpaper over putty or plaster. In this case, it is imperative to use a deep penetration primer on concrete or brick. Otherwise, in the future, when it is necessary to replace the wallpaper, the putty will simply come off in pieces.

Deep penetration primers for concrete are made, as already mentioned, based on acrylic. They also often contain latex. Their advantages, in addition to increasing the adhesive properties of the treated surface and reducing material consumption, include:

antiseptic properties,

complete absence of any odor,

not too high cost.

Any deep penetration primer has these characteristics. We will discuss below which brand is best for concrete.

Popular primers

Acrylic deep penetration products are produced that are excellent for treating any porous surfaces by many manufacturers. Very popular among domestic owners of apartments and houses is, for example, the deep penetration primer for concrete “Ceresit”. At the same time, its modification ST 17 is particularly successful. This product is produced by the large international company “Henkel” in two versions: summer and frost-resistant. It can be used not only for concrete walls, but also for leveling floor screeds, including heated ones, facades, etc.

Optimist products are also very popular among domestic consumers. The most best reviews at the same time received deep penetration for concrete G101-107. It is mainly intended for cement surfaces. However, it can also be used to process other materials: brick, plasterboard, wood. This primer has antiseptic properties and, when applied to the surface, strengthens the top layers well.

Properties of Ceresit CT 17

What technical characteristics The difference between the deep penetration primer “Ceresit” and modification ST 17 can be seen in the table below.

As you can see, this is very good primer deep penetration for concrete. Its consumption is 0.1-0.2 l/m2.

Reviews of Ceresit CT 17

The Russian consumer has a very good opinion about this primer. It is produced in concentrate, and before applying it to walls or floors, you just need to dilute it with water. The proportions are indicated on the packaging. You can also use pure concentrate under tiles on concrete. After drying, this product gives a yellowish film. However, judging by the reviews, even through thin wallpaper this color does not show through. At the same time, in comparison with many other means, the Ceresit primer penetrates much deeper into the concrete and gives a more even, rough surface. Its adhesive properties are simply wonderful. It can be used under wallpaper, plaster, panels. However, due to the fact that it produces a very durable film, it is most often used when treating concrete surfaces under tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Some disadvantages of the Ceresit CT 17 primer include the fact that it is a little corrosive to your hands during operation. Therefore, it is best to apply it to walls using rubber gloves.

Technical characteristics of “Optimist” products

What properties differ deep penetration primers for concrete of this brand can be seen in the table below.

As you can see, the “Optimist” product, judging by its performance characteristics, can also be considered very high quality. However, when purchasing it, you should definitely look at the year of manufacture.

Before applying any finishing coats, the base must be primed. For exterior work, the primer must be very durable, since external elements are especially susceptible to adverse factors.

This article will discuss the features of primer compositions and priming outside the building.

Purpose

Priming serves the following purposes:

• the composition enters small cracks and pores, cementing them and strengthening the surface;
• the service life of the surface increases;
• the quality of adhesion improves (this is especially important when it comes to metals, plastics, concrete or smooth stones), thereby delaying the next repair;
• there are possibilities of contact between incompatible materials;
• Due to closed pores, the ability of the base to absorb paints, varnishes, etc. is reduced. Consumables, which increases the cost-effectiveness of repairs;
• the hygroscopicity index is equalized, due to which the varnish or paint is distributed more evenly;
• the primer does not allow the base to disintegrate, because bases such as concrete, brick or plaster only seem solid, but in reality they are a collection of particles that are constantly peeling off in the form of dust;
• the composition may include antiseptics, fire retardants and fungicides that protect the base from putrefactive and fungal processes, flame, dampness and other harmful effects external environment.

Criterias of choice

When selecting a primer, the following factors must be taken into account:

1. The type of coating that will be subsequently applied to the base . There are universal compositions, but more common are primers specially created for a specific type of coating, for example, for alkyd paints or for gypsum plasters.
2. The material from which the base is made. The compositions of primers for metal differ from those for foam or concrete.
3. Scope of use. There are soils for wet and dry, warm and cold climates.

Primers for external use have a number of characteristic properties:

1. Weather resistance, which reduces susceptibility to abundant moisture that falls in the form of precipitation, temperature fluctuations(sub-zero temperatures, melting-freezing), solar radiation.
2. A prerequisite is the presence of antiseptics and fungicides in the composition that protect against mold and mildew.
3. If we are talking about metal base, the mixture must contain rust inhibitors, antioxidants and other substances that impede corrosion processes.
4. Water repellents are added to wood treatment mixtures.
5. For outdoor conditions, it is important that the compositions contain an additional volume of adhesive and film-forming components.

Note! When selecting a suitable mixture, it is worth choosing complexes from one manufacturer, in which the primer is sold together with putty, paint or other material applied to the surface. The complexes are initially compatible with each other, which has a positive effect on the quality of work.

Types of primer compositions

Based on their functions, mixtures are divided into the following types:

• deep-penetrating (designed to strengthen the structure of the material);
• textured (aimed at filling pores in the material);
• insulating (often called impregnations) - used to protect from negative impacts external environment, chemical compositions, mechanical damage(impregnations include primers based on polyurethane, silicone and epoxy resin).
• antiseptic.

Depending on the type of surface, the compositions are as follows:

• For smooth surface- used as waterproofing before applying paint or plastering;
• For cellular concrete(high viscosity, include silicate) - eliminate pores, but almost do not strengthen the material:
• concrete contact - increases adhesion.

Preparatory work

As an example, we use preparation concrete base for priming. This material is characterized by a finely dispersed monolithic structure. To put it more simply, it is almost smooth. Characteristics concrete in contact with other materials:

• adhesion to putties, adhesives and wallpaper is very poor;
• the putty very soon begins to peel off;
• Cracks appear on plastered surfaces.

Progress of preparatory work:

• concrete surface thoroughly clean from dirt and dust (this can be done with a high-pressure stream of water);
• wait for the surface to dry completely;
• we get rid of all existing defects (cracks, bumps, etc.);
• We apply a deep penetration composition that will strengthen the structure of the material;
• We level the base.

Applying primer

Work order:

1. We dilute the primer composition in a container with water in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.
2. Stir the resulting composition and apply it to the surface using a wide brush or long-haired roller.
3. The mixture must be applied so that no streaks or drops are formed. Usually one layer is enough. However, if the material quickly absorbs the primer, repeat the procedure a second time.
4. You can begin finishing work immediately after the soil dries (drying can take from 40 minutes to a couple of hours).

Note! It is necessary to prevent dust from entering the drying surface.

Conclusion

The use of primers is the key to successful exterior finishing works. Before purchasing this or that mixture, consult with sellers and carefully read the instructions.

To answer the question of what tasks a concrete primer can handle, it is important to understand what its main function is. Its main functions are to protect the concrete surface from various destructive influences, including moisture, aggressive environments and abrasive substances, and to ensure strong, reliable adhesion of the concrete surface to finishing materials. Modern industry produces a large assortment primers for concrete. Let's consider the scope and advantages of each of them.

Scope of use of concrete primers

Such primers are used when preparing a concrete base before starting the following repair and finishing work:

• before wallpapering the walls, in order to ensure the reliability of their adhesion to the wall;
• before painting the walls, to reduce paint consumption and ensure its strong adhesion to the wall;
• before installation ceramic tiles — Preliminary processing concrete primer increases the reliability of fastening the tiles to the base several times;
• at external thermal insulation facades for reliable fastening of the insulation system to the facade;
• for reliable adhesion of a layer of self-leveling mixtures to a concrete base, to prevent cracking of self-leveling floors.

The primer is also used for auxiliary purposes to prevent the appearance of dust during the repair process. For example, if you did not have time to finally finish the “dry” floor and decided to glue wallpaper, cover the surface of the slabs with a layer of primer, which will prevent the appearance of dust in the room.

If the priming process is carried out carelessly, without following technology, if its composition is chosen incorrectly, this may affect the durability finishing coatings- the paint will peel off, bubbles will appear on its surface, tiles or wallpaper will “move away” from the wall.

Types of primers for treating concrete floors

In order to properly treat concrete floors, water-based, organic or polyurethane-based primers are used.

Primers on water based can even be applied to a concrete layer that has just been laid. They are low-toxic, odorless, and can be used even in high humidity conditions.

Organic based concrete primers perfectly penetrate into the surface layer of concrete, which is why they are often used in processing and dust removal concrete structures low grade. These products not only protect, but also improve the characteristics of the surface layer of concrete, and they can also be applied at sub-zero temperatures.

Polyurethane primers increases the wear resistance of concrete. They have excellent elasticity, high resistance to aggressive chemicals, belong to the class of deep penetration primers and provide the surface layer of concrete floors with an additional binder.

Which primer is best to choose for concrete work?

“Concrete contact” primers - with fine quartz sand, sometimes made of high-quality latex, are used if the concrete base has a too smooth, dense surface ( monolithic concrete). Its main task is to ensure strong adhesion of plaster or tile adhesive to a smooth surface. Such a primer will give a slight necessary roughness to the treated surface, due to which the adhesion strength (adhesion) will significantly increase. It is especially important to use a primer with quartz additives when working at the joints of ceiling slabs. From there, as a rule, it pours out old plaster, therefore such places must first be treated with “concrete contact”, and only then putty.

Deep penetration primers - consist of acrylic polymers, water and antiseptic, and various biological additives. Today they are most popular and are used before starting almost all interior work: painting, wallpapering, leveling floors. Initially intended for working with concrete or plaster. On absorbent surfaces, before starting finishing work, it is better to apply two or three layers of acrylic primer.

The drying time of the primer completely depends on the humidity and temperature of the room, and the characteristics of the coating, but experts believe that a day must pass before subsequent painting or putty. Subsequent finishing is possible only after the coating has completely dried. But today, manufacturers also offer quick-drying primers that dry within 30-40 minutes, thereby significantly saving time on work.

Before applying any finishing coatings the base should be primed. When performing outdoor work, this is especially important, since open structures are subject to more wear and tear. We will tell you why you need a deep penetration primer for exterior work and how it should be used.

Primers for exterior use

Purpose

Soil performs several functions:

• First of all, the primer mixture penetrates into small pores and capillaries, filling all kinds of voids and cracks that are contained in the structure of any material. The fillers and pigments included in the mixture cement cracks and plug pores, thereby strengthening the surface;
• By filling the pores, the absorbency of the base is reduced, and the consumption of expensive paints or putties is also reduced. In addition, the use of primer evens out the hygroscopicity index over the entire surface, and the paint applies and is absorbed evenly, which affects color rendering and the thickness of the coating layer;
• Primer is especially important for mineral substrates such as brick,. These materials only appear monolithic; in fact, they consist of tiny particles that flake off as dust over time. The soil glues these particles together and prevents the surface from crumbling, strengthens it and makes it monolithic;
• An equally important function of the primer is to increase the adhesion of the coating to the base. Not all paints and putties adhere well to surfaces, especially for metals, plastics, smooth stone or concrete. Here the soil plays the role of a kind of glue that holds the coating and prevents it from peeling off;
• Finally, the soil performs protective function: it may contain antiseptics, fungicides and fire retardants, which protect the base material from rotting, fungal attack, fire and other undesirable environmental influences.

Important! As you can see, the benefits of using primers can hardly be overestimated. At the same time, the price of the material is relatively low, so refusing a primer is simply stupid.

Varieties

When choosing materials for priming, several important parameters should be taken into account:

1. The composition of the paint or plaster coating, which will be applied to the surface of the base. There are universal compositions, but more often there are materials intended for specific types coatings: for oil or acrylic paints, for plaster or etc.;
2. Base material. Depending on what material the composition will be applied to, a primer for concrete for external work or a primer for metal for external work, etc. is selected;
3. Application area. The soil is selected depending on where it will be used: dry or damp room, indoors or outdoors, in cold or warm climates. We are talking about materials for outdoor use, so further we will talk about them.

Primer mixtures for external use must have a set of certain qualities:

• The mixture must be weatherproof. This means that it will easily withstand the effects of moisture and precipitation, withstand significant temperature changes, including up to negative values, withstand freeze/thaw cycles and are not afraid of solar radiation;
• The composition must contain drugs that reduce the likelihood of contamination of the material with bacteria and fungal spores. These are various antiseptics and fungicides;
• For metal processing, primers are used that contain rust inhibitors, antioxidants and other chemicals that reduce metal corrosion;
• For working with wood and some types mineral materials use water repellents;
• Also, the composition of external soils contains an increased content of film-forming and adhesive components to more reliably strengthen the base.

Important! When choosing suitable material As many of these factors as possible should be taken into account. It is also advisable to select a primer together with paint or putty, since many manufacturers create complex products that are as compatible as possible with each other and with the base on which the finishing is planned to be applied.

Application

The primer is applied with your own hands, and to simplify this task we have compiled step-by-step instructions:

1. The outer wall should be cleaned of dust and dirt. It is best to wash it with a pressure jet and wait until it dries completely;

1. The primer must be thinned according to the manufacturer's recommendations. To do this, pour the concentrate from the canister into the bucket and add required quantity water in accordance with the recipe specified in the instructions;

Finishing any concrete bases begins with cleaning, preparing and treating the surface. A concrete primer (primer) must be used for both external and internal work: before pouring screed indoors, when puttingtying the walls of a house, and much more. Thanks to the primer layer, the applied concrete solution adheres better to the surface and does not collapse longer.

In addition, primer for concrete for external and internal work performs a lot of other functions.

Properties of primers

Despite its strength, concrete has the following “weak” sides, which can be compensated for using a primer:

• Required level of adhesion (adhesion) concrete mortar with the surface). This is especially true for perfectly smooth substrates, which are the most difficult to lay not only cement-sand mixtures, but also paint, wallpaper, linoleum and other coatings.
• Protection against excessive moisture of the base. The fact is that concrete is a porous material that very strongly absorbs moisture, which has a harmful effects to the base, accumulating and expanding in its capillaries. If the surface is coated with primer, it will act as a sort of waterproof barrier to prevent clogging.
• Most mixtures contain antiseptic substances that prevent the formation of fungus and mold.
• Primers for concrete for painting or plastering allow finishing liquids to be absorbed evenly over the entire surface being treated.

Of course, without a primer for concrete, your house will not fall apart, but if you want it concrete covering lasted longer then primers will be simply irreplaceable. To choose them correctly, you need to decide on the types of such mixtures.

Classification of primer compositions by main component

Today, the most common priming compounds on sale are those based on: polyurethane, acrylic, natural components, polyvinyl acetate, epoxy and other components. Let's look at the most popular of them.

Polystyrene (polyurethane) primers

To treat residential surfaces, polyurethane primers for concrete are used very rarely, due to their high toxicity. The solvents contained in such liquids are recommended to be used only for finishing facades or industrial premises.

Polyurethane primer for concrete floors is considered the most resistant to chemicals and atmospheric influences, it also gives the surface high strength. This makes it an optimal component for coating concrete for outdoor use.

Acrylic primers

Acrylic-based mixtures are more suitable for interior work, as they are environmentally friendly and do not emit a pungent chemical odor. Such components are compatible with any finishing materials and have good absorption. In addition, acrylic compositions dry in no more than 3-4 hours. If you need a primer for aerated concrete, then you should choose this particular composition. However, it is better not to use such primers for the external walls of a house, since outdoors such protective layer dries too quickly.

Water-based primers

Such liquids are absolutely harmless to human health, so they can be safely used in poorly ventilated areas and children's rooms. The main advantage of water-based primer mixtures is the ability to apply to a non-dried surface. In addition, when working with such a primer there is no need to use protective equipment, since it does not smell. Solutions of this type are cheaper than others.

Organic primers

Compositions based on natural components penetrate well into the structure of the treated concrete surface. Such mixtures can be used at low and sub-zero temperatures. However, organic primers have the shortest service life. This fragility is explained by the fact that they evaporate quite quickly.

Use this type of primer in indoors Not worth it, as it has a pungent odor.

PVA and epoxy primers

Polyvinyl acetate compounds dry the fastest (no more than 30 minutes), so they are recommended to be used if you are pressed for time. To improve adhesive properties, after applying such a primer, it is better to cover the surface with an additional layer of PVA glue.

Epoxy primer for concrete is made on the basis of resins and is more often used when preparing the surface for self-leveling floors. Epoxy increases the wear resistance of concrete.

Classification of primers according to the quality of the base

Based on the type of penetration into the substrate, two groups of primer compositions are distinguished: deep penetration and adhesive.

Deep penetration primers

Deep penetration primers are able to penetrate concrete slab by 5-7 cm, so they are most suitable for concrete with deep pores. Getting into them, the primer clogs the voids, forming a durable and strong film on the surface. Due to their properties, deep penetration primers provide high adhesion, which can be achieved thanks to the latex particles included in the mixture. Therefore such building mixtures become a good basis for lime-gypsum, gypsum and lime-cement plaster.

Deep penetration mixtures may include:

• plasticizers;
• polymer additives;
• antiseptics;
• quartz;
• acrylic and latex.

Penetrating primer is also used for the reconstruction of screeds and walls, which previously (before primers of this type became commercially available) could not be repaired.

Healthy! It is better to apply deep penetration impregnations in several layers; the thicker the primer, the stronger the concrete structure becomes.

Adhesive primers

Adhesive primers impart roughness to a smooth surface due to quartz sand included in the primer composition. Thanks to this, the adhesive properties of the treated surface are significantly increased. The adhesive primer is suitable for gypsum, polymer and cement-sand putty mixtures, as well as for finishing walls with planed wood, tiles, plasterboard and gypsum fiber boards.

If the walls, floor and ceiling were previously covered with putty or paint, then it is recommended to use adhesive compounds for such surfaces.

In addition, when choosing concrete impregnation it is necessary to take into account the manufacturer of the composition.

Best Primer Brands

Construction markets offer big choice impregnating primers at a variety of prices. In order not to overpay and choose the highest quality and durable composition, pay attention to the following products:

• Ceresit CT 17 is a universal impregnation that can penetrate even the smallest pores of the concrete base. Does not block the processes of steam and gas exchange, due to which the base “breathes”. Thanks to the coloring pigment Ceresit it is convenient to apply. This composition is available in two types: frost-resistant and summer. It costs about 450 rubles for 10 liters.

• Lakra is a polyurethane-based impregnating primer. Reliably protects concrete from the formation of mold and mildew. Thanks to antiseptic additives, it is optimally suited for bathrooms, baths and loggias. The mixture costs about 500 rubles per canister.

• Knauf Tiefengrud is a universal water-repellent primer designed for preparing the base before laying tiles, painting and wallpapering. It has high penetrating properties, so this composition is recommended for use on highly hygroscopic surfaces. The cost of such a primer is about 630 rubles per 10 kg.

• Knauf Betonokontakt - a dispersion of quartz sand based on polymers is well suited for poorly absorbent surfaces. This brand of primer is used for interior work and for preparing walls and ceilings for finishing. plaster stucco. However, such a composition is quite expensive, from 3,100 rubles per 20 kg.

In custody

Regardless of the primer chosen, before applying it, you must thoroughly clean the concrete surface, wash it with water and wait until the base dries. Primers are available in finished form or require self-kneading. All information must be indicated on the packaging.