home · Networks · Cantilever house over the river from Portuguese architects. Design workshop: How to make a house slightly raised above the ground Reasons for such a strategy

Cantilever house over the river from Portuguese architects. Design workshop: How to make a house slightly raised above the ground Reasons for such a strategy

Cantilever structures create the effect of overhanging upper floors - architectural feature, which allows the structure to achieve a visual victory over the laws of gravity.


In practice, this means that one or more parts of the cantilever structure overhang the structures that support them. With help cantilever structures you can solve the problem of lack of space on the site in conditions of heterogeneous terrain.

The cost of such structures is quite high, so they are not very popular among homeowners. However, we invite our readers to take a look at some inspiring images of residential buildings with cantilever structures.

In the structure of this Texas house, we can immediately distinguish two overhanging structures - the balcony itself and its canopy. In addition, the interior space of the cantilever level projects outward from the side walls of the building.

Cantilever structures appear to float in the air, defying the laws of gravity. In fact, architects have to make significant efforts to ensure the reliability of such structures.

From this angle it is clearly visible that a small part of the cantilever floor protrudes much further than the structures supporting it.

The construction of cantilever structures makes sense when the supporting structures under the overhanging levels are visible. In addition, the plot of land located below in this case remains free and can be used by homeowners at their own discretion.

When starting the development of any residential building project, the first thing architects and designers should pay attention to are the features of the construction site. It depends on the nature in which it will be inscribed. final result. Environment has a huge impact on our visual perception of future housing and its organic nature in this context.

The landscape, undoubtedly, is a determining factor when choosing the form of construction, since the structure must be in reliable contact with the ground and respond correctly to possible changes in the site. Partial contact is one of the most sustainable, economical, aesthetic and effective options for construction design. The main thing is to correctly determine the need for its use.

Why is this necessary?

Perhaps the most optimal solution for a house in the forest is its location in the trees. For example, a small cottage was built by Swedish specialists over a rather steep slope, densely planted with vegetation, so it hangs on four trunks, which act as support pillars.

It is believed that patterns of natural drainage, soil conditions and native vegetation can co-exist perfectly with the building. And although in this case such a house will seem extremely strange to some, this concept can be applied to other options.

Reasons for this strategy

  • adaptation to uneven topography;
  • preservation of original local “inhabitants” such as trees, shrubs and boulders;
  • construction on a floodplain, where the soils are usually not hard and stable;
  • preservation of the natural drainage layer;
  • use of a passive cooling system in warm climates;
  • adaptation to a remote structure or difficult access for equipment used to build the foundation;
  • reduced costs due to less use of materials;
  • prevention of rot, mold and insects at the interface with the soil.

Pillars

For homes that do not sit entirely on the ground, to minimize stress on the ground, architects are often concerned with supporting the structure. Installing a ground contact point can be quite expensive as it requires careful planning to avoid causing irreparable damage to the environment.

Traditional types of foundation in the form monolithic concrete or several slabs are often selected by default, as they are designed to evenly distribute structural loads on the ground. However, their main disadvantages are their high cost and environmental destructiveness.

If the owner is driven by the desire to meet the existing budget, and not to achieve unearthly beauty, he and his builders are forced to rely on simple, but effective ways load transfer. Solving this problem requires a very subtle approach.

Abandoning the most common pouring methods, in the following example the designer decided to use a number of thin columns. The construction loads are ultimately distributed in a series of points and transmitted to the platform through the wide base. Installed according to the plane outer wall, the columns allow the building to seem to float smoothly above the lawn, creating the impression of a certain fantastic vision.

Wave-shaped, uneven building sites are suitable for building foundations that can be poured at height to raise the house even higher. The effectiveness of this method lies in the use of less concrete mixture than under a monolith.

If you decide to build your own home on an inclined plane, rest assured that modern technologies allow you to thoroughly strengthen it, observing all safety regulations. Your health will not be in any danger only if you use the services of a proven and qualified specialist engineer in this field.

Support columns have a lower overall impact than heavy slabs. They require less intervention, meaning less heavy equipment and less backfill.

But Special attention will have to devote internal systems, such as plumbing, electrical wiring and sewerage. Therefore, often targeted points of contact with walls provide space for utility infrastructure, which thus flows from underground into interior spaces.

It is imperative to make sure that proper thermal insulation is installed, which is designed to protect the pipes from freezing and damage.

Columns can be made of cast concrete, steel, brick block or specially treated wood. For areas with poor soils that are subject to flooding, excellent choice are spiral steel supports.

Brackets

Post supports are not the only means by which we can minimize total load on a ground base. It is also possible to use structures in the form of cantilever slabs, which extend the walls without damaging the soil layers. This strategy works especially well if there is an urgent need to preserve the greenery growing around.

They usually rest on weighted bases with a strong support point. The following example clearly shows us a similar option in a mountainous area with a rocky surface.

The more space used for the canopy, the larger the area will remain below, open to light, air and water, which are so necessary for natural landscaping.

Towers

Another effective option design - construction of long narrow structures. For example, this tower rises from a dense forest to the sky to receive more natural light For interior spaces. It is supported by two minimal narrow supports to enhance structural efficiency.

Borrowed from the console concept, the next option is a kind of triangle on the upper level, hanging over ground floor. This solution maintains access to light and air for all levels, ensuring required quantity living space and reducing heaviness.

Bridges

These are unique devices that, as a rule, connect two parts of the house, hanging over the soil, in order to minimize damage to the landscape and the plants that have taken root on it. The main buildings serve as supports for them, and the loads are concentrated at certain points, which are called foundation fastenings. All infrastructure related to electricity and water supply also runs here.

Simple cast walls that differ from it in both texture and color can be used as bridge supports. However, in general, the results are quite harmonious designs that fit especially beautifully into the natural world.

Instead of removing trees growing around you, you can simply cut them down, leaving stumps with a root system that will become unique decorative and functional elements.

Hybrids

Any of the above elements can be used together if the construction area turns out to be too difficult to handle. The fact is that a person is accustomed to living in conditions of rectilinear planes, therefore, when constructing housing, he makes the maximum amount of effort to level all surfaces. Only then can he be confident in the reliability of his own living space, not forgetting to admire the imperfect shapes of the surrounding hills.

Smaller size

Most likely, any specialist will call reducing the area of ​​the home itself the most optimal way to cause the least harm to the fertile layer. It is not very suitable for large families, however, it is quite suitable for a single person. Sometimes it can be difficult to separate our desires from real needs, such as going without a pool and a two-car garage. But, in fact, all this is not so necessary.

According to the US Department of Energy, residential buildings in the country consume 21 percent of all national energy. In this case, houses built according to the above projects become the most economical in terms of energy use. The owners of such buildings can be called more responsible people than those who are accustomed to luxury.

Portuguese architectural studio Correia/Ragazzi Arquitectos implemented the project console house House in Geres in the forested area of ​​Vieira do Minho (Portugal). The concrete housing project enters into dialogue with complex landscape

Portuguese architectural studio Correia/Ragazzi Arquitectos has completed the House in Geres cantilever house project in the forested area of ​​Vieira do Minho (Portugal). The concrete housing project enters into dialogue with the complex landscape characteristics of the site, located near the Kavadu River and its tributaries, a protected natural area.

According to the authors of the project, the main guideline in developing the project was natural environment, keeping it as pristine as possible was a top priority. At the same time, a residential building for a young couple with a child should have become an integral element of the landscape, complementing it and without visually harming it.

In addition to the main functions, the console house provided space for storing water skis, which are the hobby of the inhabitants of the console house. The shape of the building was determined by the most effective orientation, both from the point of view of the forest landscape and relative to the views from the windows, integrated into the interiors in the most successful way.

In addition, the cantilever arrangement of the structure has become the most delicate architectural solution in relation to the trees that remained untouched, surrounding the new object on all sides. The harsh concrete exterior is compensated by the visual softness and warmth of the light birch panels that became the material interior decoration, as well as the openness of the interiors to the light, forest and river.

A modern house called “House Over the Sea” was built in 2013 on the shores of Blue Hill Bay, Surry, Maine, USA, designed by Elliott + Elliott Architecture. The owner of the house is married couple from Philadelphia - Ken Gray, a lover of fishing and sea travel, and his wife Dee.


They purchased on the edge of a steep embankment small house with a hot dog stand, which was dismantled and a new one appeared in its place modern house for relax. Given the complexity of the terrain, bridge construction technologies were used in the development of the project. The building is based on 20 pillars anchored in concrete, which protect it from tides and the coastal landscape from erosion. From the street side the house has a low horizontal profile with wooden porch. Part of the building has a sloping roof with windows providing additional lighting and natural ventilation. The facades of the building are finished with white cedar shingles, typical of homes on this coast. The windows have aluminum frames with triple glass, making them resistant to humid climates and also helping to make the home airtight and energy efficient. Square one-story house is 137 square meters.


It has a spacious open-plan social area - living, dining and kitchen, which is located in the center, and two bedrooms with en-suite bathrooms in the wings of the building. The interior is designed in style modern minimalism in green and blue tones, making it fresh and attractive. Thanks to great panoramic windows, from all rooms of the house you can admire the endless ocean. During high tides, water completely fills the space under the house, creating the illusion that the house is floating. The cozy living room is equipped wood stove Rais Pina, which rotates 360 degrees, has a TV, a gray armchair and a blue linen rug that perfectly refreshes the space.


Classic modernist Bellini chairs surround a glass tabletop in the dining room. The floors in all rooms are covered with maple wood, and in the bathroom - Glassos sand tiles. From the social area there is access to an upper wooden terrace, from where you can go down a granite staircase to a second stone terrace, which is completely submerged during high tides.












The search for a suitable site for development in the vicinity of the metropolis was long, and almost stopped us from realizing our long-standing plans to build our own home. The best lands almost everyone was busy, and what remained did not inspire optimism.

Without hoping for a miracle, we nevertheless decided to choose a rocky area located on a slope, almost entirely overgrown with trees, behind which a very spectacular panorama could be seen. The site seemed quite suitable for us to try our hand at. House on consoles or console house, (Fig. 1) - here, perhaps, main idea, from which our project was born.

The house stands at an angle relative to the street, with its facade facing the city. Because we wanted almost all the rooms to face east, the house was long, narrow, and had a simple layout, with the living areas separated from the utility rooms and staircases by a hallway. On the ground floor there are four bedrooms, two bathrooms and a laundry room, on the second floor there is a living-dining room and a kitchen with a breakfast nook. In a tiny ground floor communal premises are located. Flat roof above the living room serves as a walking platform.

§ Steel console

Our first instinct was to build a cantilever house with a load-bearing structure made of multi-layer laminated timber. However, after calculating the approximate estimate, we immediately abandoned this option, since the amount was too significant.

We then considered using for the frame steel structures, welded from channels. This option also turned out to be expensive, so in order to save a little, we reduced the working length of the main spans and consoles. Besides, most The beams were reinforced with an angle, thereby reducing the load on the supporting structures, which made it possible to further reduce metal consumption by almost 30% - this is approximately 12 tons. If you convert it into money, it comes out to about $8000-$9000.

In the east-west direction (where there were no consoles) we decided to install diagonal braces made of steel rod. Their cross-section is small, since they work only in tension. Turnbuckles installed at the upper ends of the rods allowed the installers to align the structure vertically, gradually taking up the slack in the system. After completing this adjustment, the couplings were welded.

A separate steel frame was made for the garage, located on the same level with the street and top floor Houses. The passage to it, 14.5 m long, rests on two welded beams 20.4 m long, spanning the ravine between the garage and front door to the house.

The difficulty in installing the beams was that we did not want to cut down the trees surrounding the house. After weighing all the pros and cons, we decided to bring halves of the beams and then weld them on site using welding electrodes for surfacing, reinforcing the joints with steel plates. The finished beams were lifted by crane and installed in place. Steel frame the house allowed us to work on the wooden frame at the top, and at the same time below it was possible to continue working on the remaining metal structures of the garage and passage.

§ Wooden frame

The wooden frame of the structure rests on pressure-treated beams with a cross-section of 50 × 150 mm, bolted to steel base beams. The nuts were tightened until they were flush with the top plane of the beams. The design of the cantilever house is platform-frame, with load-bearing posts 50 × 150 mm around the perimeter and wooden I-beams 5.2 m long. To ensure maximum bearing capacity of the frame, most of the racks were installed in increments of 0.6 m.

The outside of the house was sheathed with moisture-resistant plywood 12 mm thick (bought in bulk, $350/cube), which increases the rigidity of the middle section, which takes the main load from a strong north-east wind. In addition, we decided to build intermediate walls that work in bending, also covering them with 12 mm plywood.

The design of the solid subfloor plays an important role in the perception of external lateral loads; all the boards are glued and nailed, and the floor in the living room, slightly higher than the rest, has a frame in the form of a separate platform installed on top of the main floor.

The roof structure of the living room is of particular interest. Under it there is a belt of skylight windows, and the roof itself serves as a walking platform. Supported by corner posts 150 × 150 mm, the roof frame (Fig. 3) is assembled from wooden I-beams connected end-to-end to the framing beams with steel elements. At each end of the living room, “stiffening boxes” are installed, which are frames covered with plywood. They provide additional structural stability. To prevent water from stagnating, the decking of the site has a slight slope from the wall of the house. To do this, we nailed beveled wooden spacers on top of the supporting beams.

Eastern wall flight of stairs – additional element rigidity. Its frame is made of racks 50 × 300 × 8500 mm, installed at intervals of 700 mm. These are very bulky elements, and after their installation the result was enormous in size. wooden wall. After covering it, we mounted the staircase by attaching a cable with a hook and a pulley to the rafter above the staircase opening and pulling all three flights sequentially into place.

§ Design features of the transition

The bridge leading to the entrance to the house joins the building at the level of the second floor, that is, one level above the base. To prevent the heavy steel transition beams from resting on the wood frame, we used a steel “gantry” support embedded in the thickness of the west wall. The structure was welded from below to the base beam of the wall. Let us recall that the length of the beams exceeds 20 m. With a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion of steel in summer, the transition is lengthened by 12 mm. This could cause damage to the house, so we installed Teflon pads on the gantry under each beam to allow the beams to move independently of the house.

The transition deck is almost flush with the top planes of the composite beams. We installed the jumpers between the beams in increments of 2.4 meters so that their lower planes are flush with the lower planes of the load-bearing beams. In the grooves ( U-shaped) of the lintels, embedded beams were installed and bolted to the upper flanges of the channel. After that, wooden beams 50 × 200 mm were nailed to the beams, and then a flooring made of pressure-treated boards - “fifty” - was installed on top of them.

§ Steel railings

Considering the large height of the house on consoles, we wanted to achieve harmony of horizontal elements - steel railings transition and outer cladding of the building. After working on several fencing options, we decided to use lightweight steel profiles of rectangular cross-section for the handrails and steel pipes for the posts. Sections of fencing 5 m long, welded in the workshop, were brought to the construction site, joined and welded to the top flange of the load-bearing beam. Each of the horizontal fencing elements was aligned with the corresponding board of the outer cladding of the house wall.

The roof railings are similar to the crossing fence, but they are secured somewhat differently. Where the posts pass through the roofing material, they were covered with aprons. We selected auxiliary pipes that fit tightly into the railing posts, and welded steel plates to their lower ends. The pipes were pushed up through holes in the roof sheathing and then bolted to the beams. Cylindrical bushings were welded to the upper ends of these supports (so that the fence posts would sit tightly on them). Finally, the fence posts were placed on top and this assembly was secured with self-tapping screws. The result was greater assembly strength.

Most interesting element wooden frame– a wooden walking balcony protruding 2.7 m from the wall of the first floor (Fig. 5). Its load-bearing consoles have a fairly large reach, so we used multi-layer plywood beams as the last beams, installing them at intervals of 600 mm.

For guard load-bearing structure Platforms from precipitation were installed on the console with beveled linings. 20mm plywood was nailed onto them and covered roofing material. The bars were filled “in relief” on top, and a flooring of tongue-and-groove boards was laid on top of them. To install the drainage gutter, the consoles were cut from the side of the fence. The bottom of the platform was covered with pine tongue-and-groove boards.

The rigidity of the platform is increased, among other things, by the fencing, which is a hollow box. The frame of the latter is formed by racks 50 × 150 mm. Bolted to the base. On both sides the structure is sheathed with 12 mm plywood, and then with the same boards that cover the entire house. Handrails were installed on top steel pipes. This scheme made it possible to evenly distribute dynamic load and significantly reduce local deflections even with large crowds of people on the cantilever deck.

§ We made windows under the ceiling: an original solution

In this house, the issue with windows was resolved in an unconventional way. Most of them, including the breakfast nook windows, are located directly below the ceiling for maximum light. To cover the window openings, we used lintel beams made of multi-layer plywood 350 mm high (Fig. 6), which are connected to the corner posts of the frame. A sample was made at the upper ends of the racks, and then the elements were fastened with screws.

In the living room, the windows are close to the ceiling. The openings are covered with an I-beam wooden beam 350 mm high (bought for $8/p. meter), supported by racks 150 × 150 mm.

4.875 Rating 4.88 (4 Votes)