In this article, the FURNITURE EXPERT will tell you about the requirements that Russian legislation imposes on furniture for kindergartens, which GOSTs and SanPiNs you need to look at and where to look for them current editions. In the process we will see all the legal grounds for Internet advice that furniture is for kindergarten must be safe, environmentally friendly and practical.

GOST standards for furniture for kindergartens

Children's furniture differs from adult furniture primarily in size. In our legislation, such sizes are called “height groups” (they are also children’s furniture groups). There are 4 special GOST standards that establish such height groups for preschoolers. Useful links to full versions These documents will be below.

• GOST for children's tables

Until October 1, 2017, GOST 19301.1-94 was in force.
Today GOST 19301.1-2016 is in force. Children's preschool furniture. Functional dimensions tables

This standard applies to children's tables that are used in preschool institutions and at home, except for play and transformable tables.
The document divides children's tables into 5 types: four-seater, two-seater with and without drawers, two-seater trapezoidal (optional), as well as single-seater and with adjustable parameters.
Here is a table of height correspondences in millimeters:

A separate section of GOST is devoted to the functional dimensions of children's tables (length of lid, height work plane from gender, etc.) depending on the height group.
In paragraph 3.6. GOST states that the corners of table tops should be blunted (rounding radius 10-50 mm). This is the basis for Internet advice that children's center furniture should not have sharp corners.

Look full text GOST 19301.1-94. You can .

• GOST for children's chairs

Until October 1, GOST 19301.2-94 was in force. Today GOST 19301.2-2016 is in force. Children's preschool furniture. Functional dimensions of chairs
The standard applies to children's chairs that are used in preschool institutions and at home, except for play and transformable ones.
The document divides children's chairs into two types: chairs with constant parameters and chairs with adjustable parameters (transformable chairs).

The markings for the height groups of the chairs correspond to the same markings for the tables.

Height, seat depth and other parameters are indicated in the “Dimensions” section.
View the full text of GOST 19301.2-2016. You can .

• GOST for children's beds

Here the situation is similar: until October 1, 2017, GOST 19301.3-94 was in force. Today the new GOST 19301.3-2016 is in force.
This standard is intended for children's beds that are used in the bedrooms of preschool institutions and at home.
In accordance with the document, children's beds are manufactured in two types: beds with a fence and a bed of variable height for children under 3 years old, as well as beds for children aged 3 to 7 years.
There are no height groups here. But there are functional sizes of beds for the safety of children, including possible side rails.
View the full text of GOST 19301.3-2016. You can .

• GOST for other children's furniture

This is GOST 26682-2016. Furniture for preschool institutions. Functional dimensions.
The document also came into force on October 1, 2017, replacing GOST 26682-85.
The standard applies to other furniture for kindergartens, namely: toilet-changing and toilet-massage tables; cabinets for children's clothes, linen, toys, supplies, pots; dressing benches, barriers; towel racks, serving tables; wardrobes and stools for staff, cabinets for household equipment, cabinets for washing and storing dishes.
GOST sets the dimensions for these types of furniture.

You can view the full text of GOST 26682-2016.

SanPiN for furniture for kindergarten

In addition to the four above-mentioned GOSTs for up to school furniture, there is another important one normative document. This is the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated May 15, 2013 No. 26 “On approval of SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the operating mode of preschool educational organizations”
The document applies to all preschool institutions, regardless of type, organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, including in relation to preschool groups located in built-in, built-in and attached residential buildings buildings (premises) and administrative public buildings, except administrative buildings industrial enterprises.
SanPiN has section VI “Requirements for the placement of equipment in the premises of preschool educational organizations.”
This section states that materials for children's furniture must be harmless to children, and this must be supported by documents. In other words, the seller must have certificates of conformity. There are no specific listings of materials - solid wood, chipboard, MDF - in SanPiN.
Dressing rooms should have closets with individual compartments - shelves for hats and hooks for outerwear. Each such cell must be labeled.
Tables and chairs must be from the same furniture group. As a recommendation for selecting height groups, the following table is given:
Basic sizes of tables and chairs for children early age And preschool age

A fourth group is added to the previous growth groups from GOST standards.
It also says that the working surfaces of tables should have matte finish light tone. Hence the recommendations for calm tones for children's centers. The surfaces of such tables, emphasizes SanPiN, must be resistant to moisture and disinfectants.
If chalk boards are used, they should be dark green or brown with an anti-reflective or matte finish.
Finally, there are requirements for children's beds. Beds must be appropriate for the height of children. Fixed beds are provided for separate sleeping areas. For the rest, folding beds with a hard bed or transformable beds (pull-out or roll-out, one to three-level) are allowed. If transformable beds are used, then there must be a place for individual storage of bed linen. There are no bunk beds in SanPiN.

There will be a desk. This question is important and requires preliminary study. Choosing a desk for a child will not be difficult if you know just a few basic parameters.

Important centimeters

Walking around furniture stores, look for a table for a child in the following sizes:

• length work surface- 1m;
• width – 60-80 cm;
• depth for feet – 40-50 cm;

These are the main dimensions you should pay attention to.

How to determine the desired desk height?

As a standard, the tabletop is located 53 cm from the floor. This is suitable for a child up to 115 cm tall. Transformable furniture will help you solve the issue of height adjustment more flexibly. Many manufacturers now offer “growing” tables or desks. And there is a reason for this. Using the adjustment mechanisms, you can select the most comfortable height and tilt of the tabletop.

To check if the height is correct, there are little secrets.

1. If a child, sitting at the table, puts his hand down, then the ideal position would be for his elbow to be 5-6 cm below the tabletop.

2. Elbows should be free on the work surface, legs should be at right angles to the floor. In this case, the distance from the knees to the table top should be 10-15 cm. correct location the tabletop will be at the level of the child’s solar plexus.

3. And one more secret to the correct table height. With his elbow on the table, the child should be able to touch his eye with the tip of his middle finger. If these conditions are met, then the table height is chosen correctly.

Table top tilt

It is highly recommended that desks for children they had a tilted working surface. If you were unable to purchase such a table, take care of purchasing a special stand for notebooks and books. It should provide an inclination of 30°

Additional equipment for the desk

A child always needs a lot of little things for school and other activities. Drawers and open shelves will help avoid chaos on your desktop. Children love when they have their own personal space. And if the drawers can be locked with a key, then they can keep their little secrets there.

If the table comes with cabinets, it is best if they have wheels. Then they can be easily moved to another place if necessary.

The color design of the table for a child plays an important role. Too bright, saturated colors can lead to rapid fatigue. Therefore, it is better to choose a muted palette for a child’s desk.

Desk and computer

Nowadays it is difficult to do without a computer. Therefore, it is better to immediately provide a place for it on the child’s desk.

Two-level tables are best suited for a computer, with retractable panel for the keyboard. They can be located in the corner, saving space in the room.

Safety and environmental friendliness

A table for a child should have a smooth, streamlined shape. The fittings should not have sharp edges.

Pocket article - mint about the height of the chair. To prevent the child from slouching when purchasing school desk or a school table, you need to know how to choose the right chair height.

How to determine the correct chair height for a child?

The child should sit like this school desk so that his feet are level on the floor with the entire sole. There should be a right angle between the child's shin and thigh. If the angle is obtuse - the seat is higher than needed, if the angle is acute - lower, a higher school chair is needed.

In order for a child to sit comfortably and study at the school table, the distance from the child’s face to the table should be equal to the length from the child’s fingertips to the elbow.

The school chair should not dig into the hamstrings. The back should be leaning against the chair, the lower back should rest on the back.

There is an approximate table of height correspondence to the height of a chair or table. But even when choosing from the table, pay attention to the above recommendations.

To understand what the height of the child’s seat should be above the floor, measure the length of the child’s lower leg along with the foot, and add 1-2 cm to the resulting value (this takes into account the approximate height of the heel). The same algorithm applies when measuring chair height for an adult.

The standard requirements for the height of the seat above the floor are as follows: if the child is 150-159 cm tall, this height must be at least 44 cm; if the child is 160-169 cm tall, the seat height above the floor is 46-46.5 cm; for a child 170 cm tall or more, the seat should rise above the floor by approximately 48 cm.

Computer chairs for schoolchildren should follow the child’s anatomy, support the back in the correct position, it should not have armrests, and the seat should have a beveled edge.

Formula for calculating chair height

Your height * 75 cm / 175 cm = Table height

School desk for a child, distance from table to eyes

To prevent the child from slouching when writing or reading at the table, it is necessary to adjust the angle of the tabletop, depending on the type of activity. There are certain medical norms: if a child draws - 0-5° approximation, writes - 15° approximation to the table, reads - 30° approximation.

When the child sits correctly, the forearms rest on the tabletop and are relaxed.

What to do if you have already bought a chair, but the height is incorrect

You can place a bench or small stool under your feet. You can place a small pillow or cushion under your lower back for proper support.

If you are tired of sitting, lean on the backrest only in the lower spine and pelvic area so that the natural arch in the lower back is maintained. If you are resting correctly on your ischial tuberosities, you won't need a backrest. (these are two small bones in the lower part of the pelvis, just behind the hips. If you bend your lower back, the support from under the ischial tuberosities goes away, and you immediately begin to be pulled back onto the back of the chair). To be able to sit correctly, choose a fairly hard chair.

But it’s better to choose right away correct furniture for sitting, comfortable and convenient, the required size and height.

When choosing children's furniture, parents of children and heads of preschool and school institutions are often faced with the fact that they need to not only choose the model and color of the product, but also decide on the height group. So what is a growth group? How to choose the right size high chair or table? What to follow?

When creating children's preschool furniture and student furniture for schools, our company's designers are, of course, guided by regulatory documents that clearly define all the requirements for furniture, as well as possible height groups.

Current GOSTs and SanPiN for preschool furniture:

So what is a furniture height group?

The very concept of “growth group” arose from considerations of the healthy development of the child’s body. To develop correct healthy posture in children, it is necessary that they not only lead an active lifestyle, but also sit correctly at their desks on the right chairs. For this purpose, height groups were developed, in which the height of the chair and table depend directly on the height of the child, and take into account the peculiarities of the child’s seating position.

Important! When selecting furniture, you need to consider that:

• with your knees bent 90 degrees, your feet should be in full contact with the floor;
• there must be a space of at least 110 mm between the knees and the tabletop for free movement,
• the front edge of the chair should not be closely adjacent to the popliteal hollows, Bottom part the thighs should be free from the pressure of the chair,
• the forearm of the hand, bent at the elbow 90 degrees, should lie calmly without tension on the tabletop,
• the back of the chair should provide back support in two places (lumbar region, lower part of the shoulder blades),
• There should be free space between the chair seat and the backrest.

All of the above conditions are met in growth groups. And knowing the height of your child, you no longer have to run around all the stores with a tape measure and try on furniture. It’s enough just to decide on this same growth group.

Table of height groups depending on the height of the child

6.5. In group rooms for children 1.5 years and older, tables must be selected according to the height group of the children. For children in the senior and preparatory groups, it is recommended to use tables with a variable tilt of the lid up to 30 degrees.

6.6. Chairs and tables must be from the same furniture group and labeled. The selection of furniture for children is carried out taking into account the growth of children according to Table 1.

Table 1. Basic sizes of tables and chairs for young children and preschool age

6.7. Working surfaces of tables should have a light-colored matte finish. Materials used for lining tables and chairs must have low thermal conductivity and be resistant to moisture, detergents and disinfectants.

6.8. Chalk boards must be made of materials that have high adhesion to materials used for writing, can be easily cleaned with a damp sponge, be wear-resistant, have a dark green or brown color and an anti-reflective or matte finish.

6.9. When using a marker board, the color of the marker should be contrasting (black, red, brown, dark tones of blue and green). Blackboards that do not have their own glow should be provided with uniform artificial lighting.

6.10. Preschool educational organizations use toys that are harmless to the health of children, meet sanitary and epidemiological requirements and have documents confirming safety, which can be subjected to wet processing (washing) and disinfection. Soft-fill and foam latex brushed toys for preschool children should be used only as teaching aids.

6.11. Placing aquariums, animals, and birds in group rooms is not permitted.

6.12. In newly built preschools educational organizations Groups must have separate sleeping quarters. The bedrooms are equipped. When designing a group room, it is allowed to provide for the presence of a sliding (transformable) partition to allocate sleeping places (bedrooms), which are equipped with folding beds with a hard bed or on transformable (pull-out, roll-out) one- or three-level beds.

6.13. In existing preschool educational organizations, if there are no bedrooms according to the project or there is insufficient area of ​​available sleeping quarters, it is allowed to organize daytime sleep for children of preschool groups in groups on folding beds with a hard bed or on transformable (pull-out, roll-out) one- to three-level beds. When used, each group room must have space for their storage, as well as for individual storage of bedding and linen. Beds must be appropriate for the height of children. The arrangement of beds should ensure free passage of children between beds, beds and external walls, beds and heating devices.

GOST standards

GOST standards for children's furniture

Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2010 N 91, Moscow “On approval of SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, maintenance and organization of the work regime in preschool organizations.”

Registration No. 18267.

In accordance with Federal law dated March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" (Collection of legislation Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, art. 1650; 2002, N 1 (part 1), art. 2; 2003, N 2, art. 167; 2003, N 27 (part 1), art. 2700; 2004, N 35; Art. 3607; 2005, N 19, art. 1732; 2006, N 1, art. 10; 2006, N 52 (part 1) art. 5498; 2007, N 1 (part 1) art. 21; 2007, N 1 (part 1) art. 29; 2007, N 27, art. 3213; 2007, N 46, art. 5554; 2007, N 49, art. 6070; 2008, N 24, art. 2801; 2008, N 29 (part 1), art. 3418; 2008, N 30 (part 2), art. 3616; 2008, N 44, art. 4984; 2008, N 52 (part 1), art. 6223; 2009, N 1, art. 17) and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 N 554 “On approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295; 2004 , N 8, Art. 663; 2004, N 47, Art. 4666; 2005, N 39, Art. 3953), I decide:

1. Approve sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of work in preschool organizations” (appendix).

2. Put into effect the specified sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations from October 1, 2010.

3. From the moment of introduction of SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10, the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.1.1249-03 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the work regime in preschool educational institutions”, approved by the resolution of the Main State Sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Minister of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 26, 2003 N 24 (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 8, 2003, registration number 4392).

G. Onishchenko

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of work in preschool organizations Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10.

VI. Requirements for equipment and its placement in the premises of preschool organizations
6.1. The equipment of the main premises must correspond to the height and age of children, take into account hygienic and pedagogical requirements. The functional dimensions of the purchased and used children's (preschool) furniture for sitting and tables (dining and study) must correspond mandatory requirements, installed technical regulations and/or national standards.
The premises of compensatory kindergartens are equipped depending on the implementation of qualified correction of deviations in the physical and mental development of pupils.
6.2. Changing rooms are equipped with wardrobes for outerwear of children and staff.
Closets for clothes and shoes should be equipped with individual compartments-shelves for hats and hooks for outerwear. Every individual wardrobe marked.
In changing rooms (or in separate rooms) conditions must be provided for drying children's outerwear and shoes.
In the dressing rooms it is possible to install racks for toys used during walks.
6.3. For examining and changing children of early toddler age, the dressing room is equipped with changing tables, work tables and chairs, a washbasin, and a closet for mothers’ clothes. It is necessary to provide a separate room for breastfeeding children.
In the dressing room of young children, the place where mothers feed their children should be equipped with a table, chairs, footrests, a washbasin and a wardrobe.
6.4. In group playpens for early toddlers, it is recommended to install a group playpen measuring 6.0 x 5.0 m in the bright part of the room with a fence height of 0.4 m, the long side parallel to the windows and at a distance from them of at least 1.0 m. For For children crawling on the floor, a space limited by a barrier is allocated; slides are installed with a ladder no more than 0.8 m high and a slope length of 0.9 m; bridges 1.5 m long and 0.4 m wide with railings 0.45 m high.
Near the pantry it is recommended to install changing tables and special tables with retractable chairs for feeding children 8 - 12 months old. A tank with a lid for dirty laundry is installed near the changing table.
6.5. In group rooms for children 1.5 years and older, tables and chairs are installed according to the number of children in the groups. For children in the senior and preparatory groups, it is recommended to use tables with a variable tilt of the lid up to 30 degrees.
6.6. Chairs must be set with a table in one group, which must be marked. The selection of furniture for children should be carried out taking into account anthropometric indicators according to Table 1.
For organization board games For children, it is allowed to use window sill and study tables.
6.7. For children aged 1.5 - 3 years, a sports corner should be provided in group groups.
6.8. When equipping a group, the following requirements are observed:
- tables for classes for senior and preparatory groups are installed near a light-bearing wall with mandatory left-side lighting of the workplace;
- for left-handed children, individual workplaces are organized with right-side lighting of the workplace.
The tables are installed as follows:
- four-seat tables - no more than 2 rows, taking into account the provision of side lighting to the maximum number of children;
- double tables - no more than 3 rows;
- the distance between rows of tables must be at least 0.5 m;
- the distance of the first row of tables from the light-carrying wall should be 1 m;
- the distance from the first tables to the wall board should be 2.5 - 3 m, while the viewing angle should be at least 45 degrees.
6.9. Working surfaces of tables should have a light-colored matte finish. Materials used for lining tables and chairs must have low thermal conductivity and be resistant to warm water, detergents and disinfectants.
Wall board size is 0.75 - 1.5m height bottom edge wall board above the floor - 0.7 - 0.8 m.
Chalkboards must be made of materials that have high adhesion to materials used for writing, can be easily cleaned with a damp sponge, be wear-resistant, have a dark green or Brown color and have an anti-reflective or matte finish.
When using a marker board, the color of the marker should be contrasting (black, red, brown, dark tones of blue and green).
Blackboards that do not have their own glow should be provided with uniform artificial lighting.
When using an interactive whiteboard and projection screen, you must provide it uniform lighting and the absence of light spots of increased brightness.
When organizing classes, children are seated taking into account their height, health, vision and hearing. Children suffering from frequent colds should be seated away from windows and doors, children with impaired hearing and myopia should be seated at the first tables appropriate to their height.
6.10. Preschool organizations use toys that are harmless to children’s health and meet the hygienic requirements for children’s products, which can be subjected to wet processing (washing) and disinfection. Soft-fill and foam latex brushed toys for preschool children should be used only as teaching aids.
6.11. To display filmstrips, standard projectors and screens with a reflection coefficient of 0.8 are used. The height of the screen hanging above the floor must be no less than 1 m and no more than 1.3 m. Displaying filmstrips directly on the wall is not allowed. The relationship between the distance of the projector from the screen and the distance of the first row spectators from the screen is presented in Table 2.
6.12. To watch television programs and videos, use televisions with a diagonal screen size of 59 - 69 cm. Their installation height should be 1 - 1.3 m. When watching television programs, children are placed at a distance no closer than 2 - 3 m and no further than 5 - 5, 5 m from the screen. Chairs are installed in 4 - 5 rows (per group); the distance between the rows of chairs should be 0.5 - 0.6 m. Children are seated taking into account their height.
6.13. IN separate rooms or in separately designated places it is possible to organize corners and rooms of nature, a herbal garden, a herbal bar and others. When organizing them, the following requirements are observed:
- animals and plants must be safe for children and adults;
- sick, aggressive and unpredictable animals, as well as poisonous and thorny plants are unacceptable;
- animals are accepted with the permission of the veterinary authorities (registration, timely vaccinations, hygiene procedures);
- it is unacceptable to accept stray animals;
- cleaning of animals and care of plants is carried out daily and only by the staff of the preschool organization. Children can water the plants.
The nature room is equipped with hot and cold water, sewerage, racks for storing equipment and feed. Pet food should be stored out of the reach of children.
Placing aquariums, animals, and birds in group rooms is not permitted.
6.14. In newly built and reconstructed preschool organizations, it is necessary to provide separate sleeping quarters as part of group ones.
Bedrooms are equipped with fixed beds.
Beds for children under 3 years old must have: length - 120 cm; width - 60 cm; height of the fence from the floor - 95 cm; bed with variable height from the floor - at 30 cm and 50 cm.
It should be possible to reduce the height of the side railing by at least 15 cm.
The length of a fixed bed for children 3 - 7 years old is 140 cm, width - 60 cm and height - 30 cm.
The beds are placed in compliance with the minimum gaps: between the long sides of the beds - 0.65 m, from the outer walls - 0.6 m, from heating devices- 0.2 m, between the headboards of two beds - 0.3 m.
To avoid injury to children, stationary bunk beds do not use.
6.15. In existing preschool organizations, if there are no bedrooms, the project allows for daytime naps for children of preschool groups in groups on folding beds with a hard bed or on transformable (pull-out, roll-out) one- to three-level beds.
New types of beds should be harmless to children's health.
Using folding beds(folding beds) in each group room there must be space for their storage, as well as for individual storage of bedding and linen.
6.16. In existing preschool educational organizations, if there are sleeping quarters according to the project, sleeping quarters are not allowed to be used for other purposes (as group rooms, rooms for additional education and others).
6.17. Children are provided with individual bedding, towels, personal hygiene items. You should have at least 3 sets of bed linen and towels, 2 sets of mattress covers per 1 child.
6.18. Toilet rooms are divided into a washroom area and a sanitary area. In the washroom area there are children's washbasins and a shower tray enclosed by a transformable fence with access to it from 3 sides for hardening procedures. Toilets are located in the sanitary facilities area.
For a shower tray, the installation height is 0.3 m. The shower tray is equipped with a flexible hose with a shower head located above the bottom of the tray at a height of 1.6 m.
6.18.1. A toilet for toddlers is equipped in one room, where there are 3 washbasins with hot and cold water supply for children, 1 washbasin for staff, a cabinet (rack) with cells for storing individual pots and a drain for their treatment, a children's bath, a utility room closet. Pots must be labeled.
Storing disposable diapers in areas with high humidity air is not allowed.
6.18.2. In the toilet area of ​​the junior preschool group, 4 washbasins for children and 1 washbasin for adults are installed in the washroom area, with hot and cold water supply to them with a mixer, and 4 children’s toilets.
6.18.3. In the toilets of the senior and preparatory groups, washbasins with hot and cold water supply for children are installed in the washroom area at the rate of 1 sink for 5 children, 1 washbasin for adults, children’s toilets or at the rate of 1 toilet for 5 children. Children's toilets are installed in lockable stalls without locking. The size of the cabin for a children's toilet should be 1.0 x 0.75 m, the height of the cabin fence should be 1.2 m (from the floor), not reaching the floor level by 0.15 m.
6.18.4. When designing and reconstructing preschool organizations in senior and preparatory groups Separate toilet rooms for boys and girls should be provided.
6.19. To carry out hygienic procedures (washing), children of toddler and primary preschool age should be provided with shower trays with a shower net on a flexible hose.
6.20. When children stay around the clock, it is recommended to equip bathrooms for washing children, equipped with showers (bathtubs, trays with hot and cold water supply with a mixer).
6.21. For children of primary preschool age, the installation height of washbasins from the floor to the side of the appliance is 0.4 m, for children of middle and senior preschool age - 0.5 m.
6.22. Toilets are equipped with child seats or hygienic pads made from materials that are harmless to the health of children and can be treated with detergents and disinfectants.
6.23. In existing preschool organizations, it is allowed to equip a sanitary facility for staff in the nursery toilet room in the form of a separate closed toilet cabin.
6.24. In the toilet rooms, wall or hanging hangers with individual compartments for children's towels and personal hygiene items, utility cabinets, and a cabinet for cleaning equipment are installed.

SanPin is a regulatory document that regulates sanitary and hygienic standards established by the state. In this case, we will talk about the standards for preschool institutions. The document SanPin 2.4.1.3049-13 describes the requirements that determine the content of groups, the microclimate and lighting in play areas, as well as nutrition standards for children and much more. SanPin, approved in 2013, is currently in force in Russia. The norms and rules prescribed in this document, apply to the current year 2015.

According to the general requirements of SanPin for kindergartens, all norms and rules must be observed to the same extent, regardless of organizational legal form institution or type of preschool institution. At the same time, children’s groups located in residential apartments or scraps, so-called family groups.

One of the main regulatory bodies supervising the implementation of SanPin norms and rules is Rospotrebnadzor. In addition, the regional and federal education committees and the prosecutor's office.

The age of children admitted to kindergartens in accordance with SanPin ranges from 0.2 to 7 years. The quantitative occupancy of groups in preschool educational institutions is calculated based on the area of ​​the room in which the group will study and play. For different ages Children have different standards:

• For groups under three years old, at least 2.5 square meters is required. meters per child;
• For groups with an age category from three to seven years, at least 2 square meters are required. meters per child.

The calculation is made based on the actual number of children in the group. View an overview of the characteristics of twill fabric.

Daily regime

IN latest changes SanPina rules and regulations related to the daily routine of children in a preschool educational institution have been reduced by almost half. Continuous wakefulness of a child from 3 to 7 years old should not exceed 6 hours; for children under 3 years old, the norms are set depending on medical indications. Daily walks should be at least 3-4 hours, only twice a day - before lunch and after naps. For each age, SanPin indicates the norm for the duration of sleep per day, which is on average 12 hours a day, of which at least 2.5 hours should be during the day.

Independent activity of children in a preschool educational institution must be at least 4 hours a day. This includes games, preparation for school, and personal hygiene. These requirements apply to children aged 3 to 7 years. For children aged 1.5 to 3 years, continuous independent activity should not exceed 10 minutes, that is, 10 minutes in the first and second half of the day. The educational load for children of different ages is also regulated in the document. The main thing is that such activities should be carried out every day in the morning and afternoon. It is worth noting that educational activities, which require higher activity and mental tension, should be organized in the first half of the day. Read an overview of the standards for issuing workwear by profession.

Requirements regarding the duration of children's walks are now advisory in nature and are established based on weather conditions, which are very diverse throughout our country. With a properly organized walk, children receive more than half of the necessary movement needs per day. SanPin recommends using the following as physical activity for children:

• Morning exercises;
• Physical education both outdoors and indoors;
• Physical education minutes;
• Various active games;
• Rhythmic;
• Special sports activities;
• Exercise equipment;
• Swimming.

For children aged 5 to 7 years, among the necessary physical activity up to 8 hours of health-improving and educational activities per week should be provided. In addition, it is necessary to include a complex for hardening the pupils, which consists of ventilating the premises, washing cold water, exercise and a walk in the fresh air.

The exact standards for groups of different ages in the pool can be read in the text of the regulatory document. After visiting the pool, children can be taken out for a walk no earlier than 50 minutes later in order to prevent hypothermia.

Treatment

According to SanPin, quartzing of groups in kindergarten must be carried out twice a day according to the schedule and then ventilated.

Washing and treating toys in kindergarten according to SanPin must be done daily after children go home. In the most junior groups- twice a day. Toys intended for playing outside are washed immediately after returning from the street. It is also necessary to treat toys that have just been purchased; this must be done with soapy water for 15 minutes, then rinse clean water. Detergent, which is used to treat toys should be safe for children.

In accordance with SanPin standards, bed linen in a kindergarten should be changed as it gets dirty, but at least once a week. Washing of linen and towels is carried out either in the laundry of a preschool educational institution, or by a special organization with which an agreement has been drawn up for the provision of laundry services.

Food department

Each kindergarten group must be equipped with a sink for washing dishes with hot and cold water in accordance with SanPin. The dishes are first cleaned of food residues, then washed with a sponge with the addition of mustard and soda. Next, wash in water at a temperature of 50 degrees with the addition of bleach, then rinse in water at least 70 degrees and dry on a wire rack designed for this purpose. The dishes should be boiled in clean water once every day.

If there is a suspicion of a disease transmitted through food, then the dishes should, after cleaning and washing, be processed and disinfected in a solution of chloramine or bleach for 30 minutes, then thoroughly rinsed and dried.

All utensils in the preschool educational institution must be marked in accordance with SanPin. Each pan should have an inscription for what dish it is intended for, the marking is applied with oil paint.

Fortification in kindergarten according to SanPin is carried out taking into account the condition of the pupil, with the mandatory supervision of a health worker and with notification of parents.

If the menu does not include fortified drinks, then vitamins are added to third courses - compote or jelly, at a certain temperature

Standards for premises and equipment

The SanPin for a swimming pool in a kindergarten clearly states what rooms should be near the pool and what they will be equipped with, as well as what kind of personnel is needed in the pool. Particular attention should be paid to cleaning and disinfecting the pool. If there is good water circulation in the pool, a complete water change should be done within 8 hours. If there is no circulation, the water should be drained daily. Cleaning of the swimming bowl must be carried out by the employees responsible for it. Showers, toilets and locker rooms are cleaned every day. General cleaning monthly. It is necessary to monitor the quality of water in the pool once a day.

Flowers are planted in the kindergarten yard to separate play areas from utility areas. According to SanPin, fruit-bearing, poisonous and thorny plants cannot be planted.

The size of furniture in a kindergarten according to SanPin must be of the same group and correspond to the table given in the decree. Each height group of children must correspond to the size of the furniture.

Furniture in a kindergarten must be marked according to SanPin by color, depending on the size of the furniture.

SanPin for staff

All personnel, including kindergarten teachers, must undergo a medical examination when hired. inspection and certification for knowledge of sanitary standards. Then, every two years, knowledge of the same standards is tested, and teachers are also regularly tested. For example, testing “FSES preschool education" All preschool teachers are provided with special clothing.

According to the new SanPin, a kindergarten nurse must have at least a secondary medical education and have at least 3 years of work experience. Having a medical record is mandatory, and a medical examination must be carried out every three months. When working, he relies on the document of proper instructions and internal labor regulations.

Video

Watch the video on nutrition in kindergartens according to SanPin:

As they say, forewarned is forearmed. Do not neglect studying or at least familiarizing yourself with various legal documents. In this case, you will always be in control of the situation.

Rooms for children aged 1 to 4 years must have four-person tables; For the middle, senior and preparatory groups of kindergarten, double tables are used. Tables are placed in no more than 2 rows and in such a way that the light falls from the left. The distance from the blinding area of ​​the window should be at least 0.45 m (preferably 1 m), and between rows at least 0.45 m.

For preschoolers, furniture is produced in 6 groups, which have the appropriate characteristics (Table 1.13).

Table 1.13.

Dimensions and markings of tables and chairs for preschool children.

Manufacture Children's beds two types: I - children's bed with a fence and variable bed height for children under 3 years old; II - children's bed for children aged 3 to 7 years. Their functional dimensions are presented in Table 1.14.

Table 1.14.

Functional sizes of beds for children 3 - 7 years old.

To prevent infectious diseases, the minimum distance between beds should be 0.3 m (from the bed), the distance from the outer walls to the beds should be 0.7-1 m. In preschool groups, it is allowed to use folding beds with a hard bed and built-in single and double bunk beds.

Hygienic requirements for school furniture.

The furniture of modern educational institutions is divided into the following groups:

1) for classrooms:

Single and double student tables with chairs of the corresponding group;

Student laboratory tables for specialized classrooms (physics, chemistry, biology);

Computer tables;

Cabinets for teaching aids;

Cabinets for technical means training and stands under the board for teaching aids;

Chalkboards of various modifications;

2) for libraries:

Library shelving, double-sided and single-sided;

Library sets;

3) for the dining room;

4) for training workshops;

5) for locker rooms;

6) for assembly halls.

Basic school furniture (desks, tables, student chairs) has different sizes, depending on the children’s body length. Each student is provided with a comfortable workplace at a desk or table in accordance with the length of his body, state of vision and hearing. Students are seated at desks (tables) taking into account their body length (with shoes). For school students, furniture is produced in 6 groups with color markings (Table 1.15).

Table 1.15.

Dimensions of school furniture and its markings.

Furniture must have digital and color marking . The color coding of school furniture should be visible from the aisle between the rows; it is applied on both sides of the table (desk), chair in the form of a circle with a diameter of 22 mm or a horizontal strip with a width of 20 mm.

Table 1.16.

The school currently uses chalkboards several types:

For writing with chalk;

For writing with a felt-tip pen;

For writing with chalk with a staff (musical);

Cork for advertisements.

Boards made from enameled steel sheet are convenient.

Depending on the color of the enamel, writing boards are used with chalk (green) and dry erase markers (white).

When equipping classrooms, the following passage dimensions and distances must be observed:

Between rows of double tables - at least 60 cm;

Between the rows of tables and the outer longitudinal wall - at least 50-70 cm;

Between the rows of tables and the internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets standing along this wall - at least 50-70 cm;

From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70 cm, from the rear wall, which is the outer wall - at least 100 cm, and if there are reversible classrooms - 120 cm;

From the demonstration table to the teaching board - at least 100 cm;

From the first desk to the blackboard - 2.4 - 2.7 m;

The greatest distance between a student's last place and the blackboard is 860 cm;

The height of the lower edge of the teaching board above the floor is 80-90 cm.

Desks, tables and chairs are arranged in the classroom by number: smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, larger ones are further away; for children with reduced visual acuity and hearing, desks, regardless of size, are placed in front. If visual acuity is sufficiently corrected with glasses, students can sit in any row.

Schoolchildren with rheumatic diseases, who are often ill (sore throat, acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract), must be seated further from the outer wall.

At least 2 times a year, students sitting in rows I and III are changed places, without disturbing the correspondence of the furniture to their body length.

The teacher’s observation of the child during the lesson allows us to note deviations from correct posture and subsequently establish their causes.

The width of the workplace at the table should be equal to the sum of the lengths of two forearms with hands, plus 3-4 cm for freedom of seating. The height of the chair should be equal to the length of the lower leg with an addition of 2 cm for the height of the heel.

The depth of the chair should be no less than 2/3 and no more than 3/4 of the length of the thigh.

It is necessary to pay special attention to cases when the dimensions of the desk (table), chair correspond to the dimensions of the person sitting behind them, and the child’s seat does not correspond

hygienic requirements. This indicates a lack of developed skill in proper landing.

Children same age may vary significantly in height. Therefore, when buying a children's table, you should be guided by individual characteristics child development. We will give you table and chair height values ​​according to your height.

Tables for preschool children.

If buying a table for a schoolchild does not cause difficulties in the matter of choice, then with a table for preschool children the situation is more complicated. Many people think that it is better for a child to grow up and immediately buy a desk for school. But do not forget that a child develops by playing. Ensuring full development is only possible with an appropriate table and chair. On it, the child draws, assembles construction sets, puzzles, and writes the first letters and numbers.

So, if the baby is 80-90 cm tall, the height of the chair seat should be about 20 cm, and the height of the table - 40 cm. As the child grows, it is also necessary to change pieces of furniture, and since the child is growing at an intensive pace, one of the recommendations would be purchasing a height-adjustable table.

The student’s workplace is under close scrutiny.

Parents of children of primary school age should be especially attentive to the issue of registration working area rooms. After all, correctly selected work items at this age are the key to beautiful, healthy posture in a child in the future. Not everyone knows that low stools can cause problems with blood circulation. A high table can cause asymmetry of the shoulder body, and a table that is too low can cause visual impairment due to strain on the eyes. In addition, the functioning of the respiratory system will be affected.

Therefore, before purchasing such important pieces of furniture, take your child with you. Don’t just buy the model you like: sit him down at the table and look at it from the side. Doctors insist that when a child is sitting, you should find three right angles: in the area of ​​the lower legs and hips, the back with the chair and the arms on the table. If the angle between the legs is obtuse, then the seat is high for the child; if, on the contrary, it is sharp, then the chair must be chosen higher. In addition, there are several criteria.

• 1.The distance between the knees and the tabletop is also of considerable importance: the optimal is 10-15 cm.
• 2.If you bought a high chair, a detail such as a bench under your feet will help your legs not dangle.
• 3.Make sure that the seat of the chair does not put pressure on your hamstrings.
• 4. Other parameters of the desktop for a schoolchild: width - 100 cm, depth - 60 cm. If the table contains drawers, make sure there is enough room for the child's legs.

Senior school age - adult table and chair.

As a rule, children aged 13-14 years have already grown taller than their parents, so children's desks have to be replaced with adult ones. This item is not in our table, so we add that if the child is 140-150 cm tall and above, the height of the table should be 60-65 cm, and the height of the chair - 40 cm. At 15-16 years old, when the height of most children is from 150-160 pp., you need to choose a table measuring 65-70 cm, and a chair - 45-50 cm.