A motion sensor most often means a miniature household device whose purpose is to light a light bulb without human intervention.

The sensor is triggered strictly by movement. The interval between fixing a person in the photocell coverage area and turning on the lighting averages from several seconds to ten minutes.

The sensor does not have to be purchased in a store. Such detectors are easy to manufacture. Many people make these devices themselves or repair the motion sensor with their own hands.
For work you will need:

• (for example, used for charging batteries - it has a suitable output voltage, 5 volts);
• photocell (any one is suitable);
• (in which there should be a p-n-p transition);
• relay;
• tuning resistance.

How to make an infrared motion sensor with your own hands?

First of all, the cathode of the photocell is connected to the power supply from the positive pole. Resistance to the anode (preliminarily calculated using Ohm's law).

How to install a motion sensor circuit with your own hands.

A tuning resistance with a value of 10 kOhm is connected. Next, the parts are soldered:

• one terminal to the negative of the power supply, the second to the free end of the resistance;
• base of the transistor to the free contact of the tuning resistance;
• collector to the block (its positive pole).

Then a relay (5 Volts) is connected to the circuit, its free end is soldered to the “minus” of the power supply.

The remaining free relay contacts can be directed to the load.

A self-resetting switch is mounted in the circuit. A laser pointer permanently connected to the power supply is quite suitable for radiation.

The operating principle is based on turning on the relay (pulling it up through the contacts) and providing its own power immediately after operation.

In order not to overload the contacts, you can attach an additional relay in the form of a load (if more power is needed).

Assembling a homemade motion sensor for a security alarm

There's another one interesting scheme assemblies. It is suitable for an alarm sensor.
For work you will need:

• body of an old household appliance;
• control element base;
• wires.

Before that, evaluate the coverage area that it will cover, avoid contamination of the housing and study in detail the attached installation diagram.

There are several installation options: a separate sensor, together with a switch, or several detectors in one circuit. You can read more about this.

Procedure:

An autodyne is mounted on the base of the transistor: through capacitor C2 and low-pass filter (C1, L3), the pulse reaches the alarm contact, which acts as a filter.

Resistor R11 acts as a circuit sensitivity regulator.

The comparators are a zener diode (VD3) and a relay (K1). The mains voltage is 11 volts, so a stabilizer that increases the signals is recommended.

1. The top of the board is polished and coated with acetone to prevent oxidation.
2. Coils L1 and L2 are wound thin wire. PEL-0.23 is suitable. In total you need to make twelve turns.
3. The bushing is attached to the central hole with a screw. The diameter of the screw is 3 millimeters.
4. The diagram should easily fit into the prepared box. A hole is made in the box for fastening. If necessary, the corners inside the box are bored.
5. Holes for can also be drilled, but more often this is not required - they are visible through the body material.
6. Either a lamp is connected to the detector.

On a note. The screws, bushing and plates can be made of any materials. The main thing is that all the holes are the right size.

If you can’t assemble the device yourself, but you need to get it as quickly as possible, don’t despair. In an electrical store you can buy good motion sensors for only 500 rubles apiece. Or via the Internet - Chinese detectors can be ordered at auctions for just over one dollar with delivery.

The scope of application of the devices is the widest. In addition to the corridor and pantry, it is convenient to install such adjustable lighting on the porch of the house, a private parking lot (can serve as a kind of alarm system notifying about strangers), staircase landing, etc. basement, any office room (where employees stay for a short time).

Useful video

A fairly common practice is sound and motion sensors in the house. We suggest you consider how to make motion sensors with your own hands, instructions, diagrams and photos in our article.

How the device works

The operation of the device is based on the reception and transmission of impulses emanating from the vibration of air (or water, for example, in swimming pools) while moving (and it does not matter whether it is a car, a person or an animal). The functionality of the device may vary depending on the requirements for it. There are several types of motion sensors:

• thermal (react to temperature changes in the reachable field). Most shining example– infrared or laser sensor, mainly used in security systems;
• sound (transmit and receive impulse when air vibrates from sounds). A very simple device, used to record movement in open space;
• oscillatory (respond to vibrations environment and change magnetic field when moving within reach). They are most often used in an apartment or house to turn on or off lights, sound, and other things.

How to make a sensor

Let's look at how the most common motion sensor for alarm is created. It is done based on this scheme

You need to prepare the following tools and parts:

• voluminous body (can be taken from an old camera);
• Soviet-style control element base (buy at any store electrical goods or at a flea market);
• soldering machine;
• wires;
• screws;
• screwdriver;

Step by step guide

An autodyne is assembled on the basis of a transistor, which has now become a local oscillator and a mixing device for signaling. As soon as air vibrations (movement) are detected in the field protected by the device, the signal level will change. It fully corresponds to the Doppler shift, and will be equal to several hertz.

Video: how to make a motion sensor with your own hands

Next, with the help of a capacitor (in the diagram C2) and a low-pass filter (shown as C1, L3, the pulse will be sent to the alarm contact, which will also be a filtering part. Thanks to this, the pulse will reach its maximum and maintain these parameters for a certain time. Resistor (on Figure R11) will adjust the sensitivity of the circuit.

The comparators in this case are VD3 - a zener diode and a small relay (K1). It is imperative to take into account that the nominal mains voltage is 11 volts. Because of this, we also recommend connecting a signal-boosting stabilizer to the circuit.

Step two: adjust the board to the required parameters

There is an antenna at the top of our board; it needs to be thoroughly polished and treated with degreasing solutions; it is very advisable to cover it with rosin or at least acetone, because there is a high probability of oxidation of the antenna material during its use.

Next you need to wrap coil L1 and coil L2 with twelve turns of small-section wire (we took PEL-0.23).

Using a screw with a diameter of 3, screw the bushing to the central hole of the future sensor, secure it, and check the strength of the connection.

Now let's start fitting our body. We measure it, we need the board to fit into the box freely, i.e. the body is either sawn or another one is selected. In it we mark the location of the center of the board and there we also drill a similar hole, as in the diagram, treat it with acetone, and try on the board.

Three millimeters need to be drilled into the corners of the housing where the electrical circuit is installed. Some deviation is allowed depending on your mounting screws.

The screws, sleeve and plates can be of any material, but be sure to check that the holes and legs are even. In some cases, you will still need to drill holes for future LEDs, but basically they are visible through the body.

The simplest sensor is ready, when assembled it will look something like this. Installation is carried out according to a clear scheme: indoor lamp or lamp daylight connect to the detector.

How to make a laser motion sensor

In the movies, everyone has seen lasers that signal the entry of robbers into a bank. Making an electronic motion sensor with your own hands using a laser is also not as difficult as it seems. You need to prepare the following components:

• infrared diode or photodiode, depending on capabilities and requirements;
• capacitive relay type RES55A,
• wire diagram;
• transistor and resistor blocks;
• Charger at 5 volts;
• multimeter;
• other tools and parts (gasket, screws, soldering iron).

First, let's disassemble the charger. We expose the wires and find positive and negative contacts there. Next, according to the rules, we need to set our resistor to minus. Now we connect a diode to it using a cathode, and the anode must be soldered to the adjustment resistor. Next, we solder the transistor emitter to the negative wire and connect a resistor to the base circuit.

In total, we get: resistor - minus, contactor - to the relay, relay - signaling device. The schematic diagram of an infrared sensor looks something like this:

Using a screw, you need to attach this entire structure to the gasket, and connect the power wire to the screw head. Important: install the connecting screw so that it rests against the spacer spring; in this circuit it is a sensitive part.

This light alarm can be installed anywhere as long as there is an outlet nearby. It is most logical to place it at foot level.

Any of the above options can be customized to suit individual needs.

1. The webcam itself can act as a motion indicator. If you connect it to the alarm, it will even make sounds, but in most cases it is enough to just download a special program to your computer;
2. When connecting the sensor to the lighting system, make sure that there are no fans or large household appliances within its reach;
3. To create with your own hands " smart home» We recommend using a touch switch. The fact is that in most cases there is already a built-in motion sensor;
4. Select diodes for your laser carefully. IR radiation can be harmful to the eyes, so it is not recommended for domestic use;
5. Car alarms are made using a similar principle. Only an audible alarm is also attached to the circuit diagram. When the sensor detects movement, a light comes on and a tone sounds, similar to a metal detector. Such a device is also called a radar sensor;
6. If desired, include a capacitive display in the circuit; it will display the “Work” and “Stop” indicators. Or connect the monitor to a circuit similar to a webcam, and get a full-fledged home video surveillance network;
7. It is quite possible to make a GSM alarm on a regular phone; to do this, you just need to download the program, just like on a PC.

If you need to carry out repairs, then all the indicators can be disassembled very quickly and basically the problem lies in the contacts, just clean them.

When you simply don’t have time to make motion sensors yourself, you can buy them at any electrical store, good feedback about GrandWay and Siemens models. The average price of the device is 500 rubles.

. Motion sensor circuits

LX01, electrical circuit diagram, connection, installation rules

Currently, the most common and popular motion detection device is a volumetric, passive, infrared motion detector.

The principle of its operation is based on the reception of thermal radiation from any object by a pyroelectric infrared receiver. This element works in conjunction with a field-effect transistor, which acts as a pre-amplifier.

In order for the range of thermal waves emitted by the human body (5 - 14 microns) to be perceived by the photodetector, special light filters are used

To minimize false positives The design of the sensor includes two such receivers connected in a counter circuit.

Depending on external illumination and temperature, voltages are generated by each sensor separately. Their signals are subtracted and compensated, and when the threshold value is exceeded, the device reacts to movement.

Motion sensor LX01

Let's take the LX01 detector as an example. The device consists of two boxes: mounting and hardware, which are connected by a movable bracket that facilitates setting the scanning area.

The hardware box contains a control board to which sensors are attached: a pyroelectric one that recognizes movement, a photosensitive photoresistor for determining the level of illumination.

The sensors are covered by a translucent plastic curtain with Fresnel lens elements pressed out over the entire area.

At the end there are corrugated handles for operational regulators connected to trimming resistors.

The mounting box has holes for exiting wires and fastening the housing of the lighting device.

The device is designed for switching electrical circuits with total load up to 1200 W. The device can be connected to incandescent lamps and other lighting elements designed for an alternating current voltage of 200 - 230 V.

Unlike detectors used exclusively for alarm systems, the device has Extra options regulating operation.

“TIME” regulator – adjusts the time after which the device turns off the lighting; if a person continues to be in the range of the device, the light will be turned on again.

Unlike presence detectors, motion sensors, when switched again, completely turn the lighting device on and off at a fast pace, which, if the response period is incorrectly set, leads to flickering of the light.

“DAYLIGHT” regulator – sets the light sensitivity of the device and allows you to accurately determine the eclipse threshold for automatically turning on the lighting.

“SENS” regulator – sets the sensitivity of the pyroelectric sensor of the detection detector. It can be used to adjust the radius of the detection zone.

Technical parameters of motion sensor LX01

• Scanning zone angle 1200.
• Maximum detection range 12m.
• Power supply: alternating current from 180 to 240V at 20mA.
• Shutdown time 5sec-600sec.
• Photosensitivity in the range of 10-2000 Lux.

The device is sensitive to low temperatures environment and maintains performance only up to -100C. It is recommended to install indoors at a height of 2m to 4m.

Schematic diagram of a motion sensor

The LX01 model includes an infrared sensor that detects movement and elements that amplify and process the signal.

A passive, infrared pyroelectric sensor is a transparent quartz plate that transmits infrared rays and a ceramic sensor.

There is also an amplifier in the housing that matches the high output voltage coming from the sensor.

The RE-46 pyroelectric sensor, which is used in the LX01 motion detector, is connected to an LM324N operational amplifier. He has complex structure, consisting of four stages of amplifiers.

The functions of amplifiers DA1.1 and DA1.2 are to correct the incoming signal with subsequent transmission to the third stage - DA1.3.

The comparator, which is connected to it, recognizes the preprocessed signal. The fourth stage DA1.4 regulates the lighting time.

It should be noted that with this principle of processing incoming signals, determining a moving object is reduced not to registering the presence of thermal radiation, but to identifying the dynamic changes in such radiation.

The photoresistor (R23), which determines the level of external lighting, is controlled by the tuning resistor R24, which in turn is connected to the base contact of the VT1 transistor.

If the light intensity increases, then the resistance of the photoresistor drops, and accordingly the current at the base of the transistor increases. It opens and the effect of raising the contact potential between resistors R25 / 21 and the ground potential occurs.

Thus, the signal from the DD1.4 cascade is prohibited from entering the base terminal of transistor VT2, which activates the connecting relay K1. If the relay is triggered earlier, the operation of the photoresistor will be blocked by diode VD4 for the entire period of the active phase.

The device operates from a regular power supply 220V, 50Hz. Voltage is supplied to the device through the fuse FU. Through the input of the quenching capacitor (C11 in the diagram) and the diode bridge (VD7-10), the output voltage will be 18 - 22 volts.

Next, the voltage is smoothed and rectified by capacitor C12 and supplied to the DA2 78L08 stabilizer. The increased voltage that appears at the output of the stabilizer is sent to the zener diode (in the VD6 diagram), which dampens it to 24V. When switching relay contacts, switching noise occurs, which is suppressed by a sequence of resistor R26 and C10.

Connection diagrams

This model is designed for direct connection of lighting devices powered from the mains with alternating current 220V, but the power of connected devices is limited to no more than 1 kW.

For additional control lighting, which provides for both automatic and manual activation of the lighting device, the following diagram is used for connecting a motion sensor through a junction box.

It is possible to connect several motion detectors to control one lighting fixture. Such circuits are used to refresh staircases or long corridors that cannot be fully monitored by a single detector.

In order to increase the maximum load, use the method of connecting a motion sensor through an intermediate relay.

In this case, the maximum power consumption will be limited only by the load capacity parameters of the intermediate relay used. Thus, it is possible to connect powerful halogen spotlights with a load of several kilowatts.

Using as lighting elements, mercury lamps daylight, it should be remembered that the period between switching on must correspond to the cooling time of the lamp.

Rules for installing a motion sensor

The stability and efficiency of the alarm system is influenced by the location chosen to install the motion detector.

In this case, it is necessary to correctly select not only the general circuit, but also the connection point in each room. By defining it, it is necessary to minimize the negative impact external factors, which can lead to false alarm system activation.

Avoid exposure to convection and intense air flows (air conditioners and radiators), as well as direct sun rays.

In addition, the surface on which the sensor is installed should not be subject to vibration or vibration (from opening a door or window).

The traditional installation of the detector is in a shaded corner of the room at a height of no more than 2.4-3 m with the scanning area directed towards the center of the room. Symbols on the diagram: 1. Motion sensor2. Glass break sensor3. Reed switch4. Smoke detector

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Motion sensor diagrams: types, device, connection and principle of operation

Motion sensors are one of the main elements of systems burglar alarm. They record the slightest movements of a physical object that is in the control zone of such a sensor, and when triggered, they activate an alarm signal. By design, such a sensor is a relay that responds to movement, and therefore such devices are widely used in systems automatic control light. There are motion sensors whose operation is based on different physical principles, so the design of the motion sensor may differ. All devices of this type are very compact, have a good design and fit into the interior of any room.

1. Typical motion sensor circuit
2. Wiring diagram for a motion sensor for lighting
3. Scheme for connecting a motion sensor for an alarm

Design, types and features of motion sensors

The following types of motion sensors exist and are widely used:

1. Radio waves;
2. Ultrasonic;
3. Infrared;
4. Hybrid.

Radio wave or microwave sensors operate on the Doppler effect. The main elements of such a sensor are a microwave signal emitter and a reflected signal receiver. If any object moves in the radiation field, the frequency of the reflected signal changes. An electronic circuit processes the difference between the direct and reflected signal and switches a relay, which can turn on a siren or sound an alarm. Radio wave motion sensors are highly sensitive, but are quite expensive. In children's and medical institutions microwave sensors are not used due to microwave radiation, despite the fact that its level is minimal and absolutely harmless. Due to their high sensitivity, radio wave sensors are susceptible to false alarms.

Ultrasonic sensors also use the Doppler effect, but instead of high-frequency oscillations, such systems use ultrasound. These devices have found application in Parktronic parking systems, but are rarely used in everyday life. The frequency of 25-60 KHz is well heard by cats and dogs, so the use of such sensors causes them severe stress. In addition, ultrasonic sensors have a short range and can be fooled by moving slowly.

In security alarms and automatic lighting control systems, infrared volumetric motion sensors are most often used. The thermal (infrared) radiation of an object that passes in the sensor’s capture zone hits the IR sensor through the Fresnel lens, after which an alarm signal is generated at the output of the electronic circuit (the circuit breaks).

IR motion sensor device

Due to their low cost, such devices are widely used for automatic lighting control, for example, in an entrance, when when a person appears, the lighting turns on for 1-3 minutes and then turns off. To control the lights in a parking lot or local area street motion sensors are used.

Hybrid or combined motion sensors are two sensors different designs, placed in one housing and connected to various inputs of the security alarm device. Typically, infrared and radio wave motion sensors are combined in one housing. The use of such devices increases the reliability of the security system. They can be used in banks, depositories and money vaults. The circuit for switching on a motion sensor for an alarm allows you to generate an alarm signal and control the operation of a siren or spotlight. Motion sensors may have the following main characteristics:

• Sensitivity;
• Presence of an anti-sabotage zone;
• The volume of the capture zone horizontally and vertically;
• Supply voltage.

Motion sensors with constant sensitivity are not recommended for use in apartments where there are pets, otherwise, in the absence of the owners, an alarm will sound for each passage of the cat. The magnitude of the response threshold can be adjusted, depending on the design, smoothly or with special jumpers on the board. There are also models of sensors that do not react to animals.

The anti-sabotage zone is an additional capture zone directed vertically downward from the sensor and blocking an attempt to disable the device. The passport indicates the viewing angle of the sensor in degrees and the dimensions of the guaranteed response zone. All sensors, regardless of design, are connected to standard devices, so the connection diagram for a motion sensor is always the same, and their supply voltage is usually 12V. An LED is usually installed on the case, indicating the standby or operation mode.

Typical motion detector circuit

All models of volumetric infrared motion sensors are similar in circuitry and design. There may be differences in some electrical parameters and housing design. The motion sensor circuit consists of the following elements:

• PIR sensor;
• Operational amplifier;
• Thermal compensation circuit;
• Comparator;
• Relay.

Passive Infrared Sensor records the temperature of a foreign object caught in the capture zone. The signal is amplified by an operational amplifier and sent to a comparator, which compares the signal corresponding to the ambient temperature and the signal received from the PIR sensor. The difference in signal levels indicates the presence of a thermal background of a foreign object. The difference potential causes the relay to operate, the contacts of which can be used to switch on various devices.

Operating principle of an infrared motion sensor

If the room temperature approaches the temperature of the human body, which could interfere with the operation of the device, the temperature compensation system is activated. The popular model of infrared motion sensor Colt 10 DP has the following main characteristics:

• Object detection zone – 10 meters 90°;
• Does not react to animals up to 10 kg;
• 3 sensitivity settings;
• Digital thermal compensation circuit;
• Not susceptible to electromagnetic radiation up to 50 V/m;
• Has protection against static electricity;
• Supply voltage – 9-16 V;
• Operating temperature range -25… + 60°С.

The sensor circuit contains a solid-state relay, which can be used to control external devices.

The figure below shows a typical motion sensor circuit using the LX-02 as an example.

Diagram of a typical motion detector using the example of LX02

Connecting a motion sensor for lighting

The low cost and reliability of infrared motion sensors allows them to be used to automatically turn on lighting. The motion sensor circuit for lighting consists of the same elements as a traditional security sensor. It is based on an element sensitive to infrared radiation. An electronic circuit processes the signal and controls the light source through a relay. Such systems are widely used in the entrances of multi-storey buildings, when the lighting is turned on only when a person appears in the room. After a certain time, the light turns off automatically. The connection diagram for a motion sensor for lighting is very simple and can be done independently.

Connecting an IR motion sensor used to turn on the light

Under the back cover of the motion sensor there is a block with three terminals, which are labeled with the letters “L”, “N” and “A”. Terminal “L” is connected to the phase wire of the network, which must be determined using an indicator screwdriver. The “N” terminal is supplied neutral wire, and the light source is connected between terminals “N” and “A”, that is, the motion sensor relay controls the phase, and zero is supplied constantly. Motion sensors for turning on lights can also be used as an element of security for a country house, when when an intruder enters, the spotlight and siren turn on.

Connecting a sensor with a switch

In order for the lighting source to be controlled either automatically or manually, a switch is added to the circuit. Connecting a motion sensor via a switch is very simple. The mains voltage of 220 volts is also supplied to the “L” and “N” terminals, and a regular two-position switch is placed between the “L” and “A” terminals.

Sensor connection diagram for alarm

Almost all models of motion sensors, regardless of the operating principle, are connected to the security alarm control panel (RCD) via standard scheme. To gain access to the connection panel, you must remove decorative cover. Under it there is an electronics board and a block of three double terminals:

• Power supply - +12 V and “General”;
• Relay – N,C;
• Tamper – T,T.

Connecting an IR motion sensor with an alarm system

The power terminals are supplied with supply voltage from the power supply or GSM security alarm device. The relay terminals are not polarized and are closed in standby mode. When a physical object appears in the detection zone, its thermal radiation is received by the PIR sensor, which causes the relay to operate and the circuit opens. This entails turning on the alarm signal of the control panel. On the device itself, you can select a self-healing mode, when the cessation of the radiation source puts the motion sensor into standby mode and the alarm turns off automatically.

In another mode, the alarm signal is generated continuously until the “Reset” button is pressed on the base unit of the security system. The connection diagram of the motion sensor to the alarm system implies protection of the device from unauthorized opening of the case. For this purpose, the sensor design includes a microswitch, the contacts of which are connected to the “Tamper” terminals.

In order to avoid false alarms of the motion sensor, you must follow some rules. According to technology, such sensors are usually installed on walls or in the corners of rooms at a height of at least 2 meters. The sensor is mounted using a special bracket, which can be used to select the orientation of the sensor horizontally and vertically. The sensor must not be directed at windows, sources artificial lighting and devices that generate strong electromagnetic radiation. In everyday life, such devices include, first of all, microwave ovens.

With this they read:

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Connecting motion sensors. Scheme. Types and operation

A motion sensor is an electronic infrared device that detects the movement of living beings and turns on power to lights and other electronic devices. Most often, such sensors are mounted for lighting, but can be used for other purposes, for example, turning on sound alarm.

The motion sensor operates on the principle of an electrical switch. Ordinary electric switch we turn it on and off mechanically by hand, and the motion sensor turns on automatically in response to movement, and turns off automatically when the movement stops.

The motion sensor is used in conjunction with lighting, as well as for turning on a sound alarm, opening doors, such as supermarket doors, etc.

Types of motion sensors

By location:

• Perimetric, used outdoors.
• Peripheral.
• Internal.

Based on the operating principle:

• Ultrasonic – a reaction to high-frequency sound waves.
• Microwaves – respond to high frequency radio waves.
• Infrared - uses heat radiation.
• Active - equipped with a receiver and transmitter.
• Passive - without a transmitter.

By type of operation:

• Thermal - triggered when the temperature changes.
• Sound - act on air vibrations.
• Oscillatory - triggered by a magnetic field.

By design:

• 1-position – equipped with a transmitter and receiver in one housing.
• 2-position – receiver and transmitter in different housings.
• Multi-position - equipped with several blocks.

By type of installation:

• Multifunctional.
• Indoor.
• External.
• Overhead (wall-mounted).
• Ceiling (for suspended ceiling).
• Mortise (for offices).

Operating principle

The operating principle is not difficult to understand and is simple. The detector detects an object, sends a signal to a relay, which closes the circuit, and the light bulb lights up.

Connecting motion sensors using an example

To better understand how a motion sensor works, let’s conduct an experiment connecting it to a light bulb. For this we need:

• Motion Sensor.
• Electrical plug.
• Indicator screwdriver for phase search.
• Electric cartridge.
• Bulb.
• Screw clamp.
• The wire.
• Cleaning tool.

First, we will connect the light bulb directly to the socket, and then we will connect the motion sensor to the open circuit in order to understand the operation of the sensor.

We take the electrical wire and connect the ends to the plug. To strip the wire, we use a special stripping tool that is convenient to use. We install the cartridge on the opposite side. Screw in the light bulb.

Using an indicator screwdriver, we determine where the phase is in the socket. We insert the plug into the socket and make sure that the light is on. Now you need to install a motion sensor in the wire gap. Turn off the power supply and cut both wires. We clean the ends of the wires.

Now our task is to install the sensor into the gap in the supply wire. You need to connect a zero to the sensor according to the instructions to power it, and pass the phase through the sensor to the light bulb. The phase will enter the brown wire, come out of the red wire and go to the light bulb. We connect according to this diagram. Take the screw clamp and connect it.

There are two rheostats on the sensor itself. One rheostat is responsible for the time of day. It can be used not only for lighting, but also for turning on other devices. On the left knob, the sun is drawn to the left of it, and the moon is drawn to the right. That is, in order to use the sensor during daylight hours, we set the switch to the mode where the sun is indicated. If we use the sensor at night for lighting, then we switch the sensor to dark mode.

For our experience, we will turn on the checks in daylight mode, since we are doing the check in the light. The second sensor is responsible for the shutdown time. We can set it to minimum, and it will turn off after 5 seconds, or set it to maximum, that is, increase the time from the moment the movement stops. Now we plug the plug into the socket, according to the previously established polarity. We move our hand, the sensor turns on the lamp. Now we don’t make any movements, a few seconds pass, the sensor turns off. Motion sensors are connected in a similar way.

Connection diagrams

The motion sensors are connected according to the usual circuit of closing and opening the light bulb circuit. If constant lighting is needed, but nothing moves, then a regular switch is included in the circuit parallel to the motion sensor. When the switch is turned on, the light will turn on due to the bypass circuit. When the switch is turned off, lighting control will transfer to the motion sensor.

Connecting motion sensors (several)

Most often, it happens that the shape of the room does not allow one sensor to cover its entire space, for example, around a bend in a corridor. In this case, several sensors are placed and connected in parallel. As a result of the activation of any sensor, the circuit is closed and voltage is supplied to the lighting devices. With this connection method, we must not forget that lighting lamps and sensors must be connected from the same phase. Otherwise a short circuit will occur.

Motion sensors are positioned in such a way that the viewing angle is greatest in the direction of the expected area of ​​object movement. In this case, windows, doors and the interior of the room should not shield or interfere with the operation of the sensor.

Motion sensors have a permissible continuous power value of 500 to 1000 watts. Therefore, they are limited to high load use.

If it is necessary to turn on many powerful lighting devices, the motion sensors are connected through a magnetic starter.

When purchasing a sensor, see the installation and configuration instructions included with it. Usually the device diagram is indicated on the case. Under the sensor cover there is a connection block, and three contacts are visible by color. The wires are connected using clamps. If the cable is multi-core, then sleeve lugs are used.

Connection features

Electric current is supplied to the sensor through two conductors: brown - phase, and blue - zero. From the sensor, the phase goes to one contact of the light bulb. The other end of the lamp is connected to the zero terminal.

When movement occurs in the control location, the sensor is triggered and closes the relay contacts, which supplies a phase to the lamp.

The terminal block has screw terminals, so the wires are connected with lugs. It is recommended to connect the phase wire according to the diagram specified in the instructions.

Connecting motion sensors comes with some special features:

• After connecting the wiring, close the lid and proceed to connecting the wires in the junction box.
• 9 wires are supplied to the box: 2 - from the lamp, 3 - from the sensor, 2 - from the switch, 2 - zero and phase.
• Wires on the sensor: brown (white) - phase, blue (green) - zero, red - connection to the network.
• The wires are connected as follows: the phase wire (brown) is connected to the brown (white) phase wire of the sensor and the wire from the switch. The zero wire of the power cable is connected to the zero of the sensor and the zero of the lighting lamp.
• There are three wires left - red from the sensor, brown from the lamp and the second wire from the switch. They are connected.

The sensor is connected to the lighting. After power is applied, the sensor shows its reaction to movement, thereby closing the lighting circuit.

Installation instructions

We figured out the connection diagram and operating principle. Now there remains an important and final stage of work - to deal with the installation of the motion sensor.

To independently install and connect sensors to the power supply, you must follow a certain procedure:

Select the connection diagram (one sensor or several, with or without a switch, etc.). Determine the most suitable location and direction for mounting the motion sensor. Typically the sensor is mounted on the ceiling or in the corner of the room. When installing outdoors, you need to look at the situation. The main parameter is the viewing angle of the sensor. It is necessary to select the most suitable location for the sensor housing so that there are no dead zones (places that the sensor does not cover with its action). To do this, it is recommended to use lamp supports or load-bearing wall building.

Turn off the electricity at the switchboard to ensure safety when connecting wires.

According to the selected circuit option, connect three wires to the contacts of the sensor housing and in the housing of the lighting device. At the same time, do not forget about observing the markings according to the colors of the wires and the designations of the connectors, in order to avoid confusion. If you connect the zero and phase incorrectly, you expose yourself to danger and also damage the electrical wiring, so when connecting you need to work carefully and carefully. You need to adjust the regulators on the sensor body and select their optimal settings. There may be several common regulators on the sensor body: Lux - light level for activation, Time - time delay for turning off the light, Sens - sensitivity of the sensor sensor, Mic - noise level for sensor activation. These settings are individual in each case.

Apply power to the distribution board and test the operation of the motion sensor. If necessary, change the location of the sensor, or reconfigure the sensitivity and other settings.

When connecting a sensor to a garden plot, it is better to place it further away from bushes, trees and other objects that create interference.

Related topics:

electrosam.ru

DIY motion sensor at home: video, diagram, photo

The presence of various detectors in the room allows you to monitor and manage most modern houses, remotely and automatically, according to a predetermined algorithm, without constant human control. In this article we will discuss how to make a motion sensor with your own hands at home, and also consider the area possible application device data.

Briefly about sensors

A limit switch or self-resetting button installed at the door and responsive to opening and closing is the simplest motion sensor (intrusion, opening). Using a simple circuit, this device turns on the light in the refrigerator. You can also equip a storage room or vestibule in the hallway, a door in the entrance, with emergency LED lighting using this switch or an alarm that will notify you when it is triggered. Such devices, based on a reed switch and a magnet, can be seen on the doors and windows of protected objects. Lack of devices for highly specialized applications. They are not suitable for monitoring open areas, squares, and passages.

For open passages, there are devices that respond to changes in the environment. These include photo relays, capacitive (field sensors), thermal (PIR), sound relays. To record the intersection of a certain area, control an obstacle, or the presence of movement of an object in the overlap area, photo or sound echo devices are used.

The operating principle of such devices is based on the formation of a pulse and its recording after reflection from an object. When entering such a control zone, the characteristic of the reflected signal changes, and the detector generates a control signal at the output.

For clarity, a schematic diagram of the operation of a photo relay and sound relay is presented:

Interactive slot machines, automatic doors, voice detectors, security alarms and other automation that respond to the precise position of an obstacle or object.

For example, it is great to equip a backlit mirror with a motion detector. The lighting will turn on only at the moment when a person is directly next to it. Would you like to make this kind of mirror lighting yourself?

Assembly diagrams

Microwave

For control open spaces and monitoring the presence of objects in the controlled area, a capacitive relay has been developed. The operating principle of this device is to measure the amount of radio wave absorption. Everyone has probably observed or been a participant in this effect, when approaching a working radio receiver, it begins to change the wavelength or make noise, losing the station. Let's talk about how to make a microwave-type motion sensor. The heart of this detector is a radio microwave generator and a special antenna.
This circuit diagram shows a simple way to do microwave sensor movements. Transistor VT1 is a high-frequency generator and also a radio receiver. The detector diode rectifies the voltage by applying a bias to the base of transistor VT2. The windings of transformer T1 are tuned to different frequencies. In the initial state, when the antenna is not affected by external capacitance, the amplitudes of the signals are mutually compensated and there is no voltage on the detector VD1. When the frequency changes, their amplitudes are added and detected by a diode. Transistor VT2 begins to open. Thyristor VS1 is used as a comparator to clearly test the on and off state, which controls a 12-volt power relay.

Below is a working diagram of a presence relay using available components, which will help you assemble a motion detector with your own hands or simply be useful for getting acquainted with the device.

Thermal

Thermal IR (PIR) is the most common sensor device in the business sector. This is explained by cheap components, a simple assembly scheme, the absence of additional complex settings, and a wide temperature range of operation.

The finished device can be purchased at any electrical goods store. Often this sensor is equipped with lamps, alarm devices and other controllers. However, now we will tell you how to make a thermal motion sensor at home. Simple scheme to repeat it looks like this:

A special thermal sensor B1 and a photo element VD1 make up an automated lighting control complex. The device starts working only after dusk, set by the level of resistor R2, when a moving person enters the control zone. The time of the built-in timer can be set with regulator R5.

Homemade on Arduino

An inexpensive sensor can be made from special boards for a radio designer. A fairly miniature device is assembled from ready-made modules. For assembly we will need a motion sensor module for Arduino microcontrollers and a single-channel relay module.

Each board has a three-pin connector, VCC +5 volts, GND -5 volts, OUT output on the detector and IN input on the relay board. In order to make a working device with your own hands, you need to supply 5 volts from the power source to the boards, and connect out and in together. The result should look like this in the diagram below. The finished detector can be placed in a housing or disguised in a convenient place. Finally, we recommend watching a video that clearly demonstrates instructions for assembling homemade motion sensors at home:

Now you know how to make a motion sensor with your own hands. We hope the provided diagrams and videos helped you in assembling your homemade sensor!

samelectrik.ru

Wiring diagram for a motion sensor for lighting

A motion sensor is an electronic infrared device that allows you to detect the presence and movement of a person and helps switch power to lighting devices and other electrical appliances. It is based on a special detector of temperature changes in space (read about the PIR sensor here). Nowadays there are a lot of models of various Chinese detectors on sale, which are almost all similar to each other and differ only in the design and power of the switched lamps - the connection diagram itself is usually the same.

If you need to connect several powerful lamps through this device at once, then the best solution would be to use magnetic starter or a powerful relay.

Installation Features

To install it, you need to choose a place that provides the best viewing angles both horizontally and vertically with a maximum coverage area. Most PIR motion sensors have a dead zone, the location of which should be taken into account when choosing their placement height and angle of inclination.

If the sensor is made in a fixed housing and does not have positioning adjustment, then it is necessary to check the technical data sheet for correct placement of the device. Sometimes this device requires the presence of not only phase and neutral wires, but also ground (ground). Although most operate from a regular two-wire 220 V network.

Electrical connection diagrams

How to connect a motion sensor with a switch

An option in which it is installed parallel to a conventional switch.

How to connect a motion sensor without a switch

And this is for connecting it directly to a 220 V network without any other buttons.

How to connect several sensors to the network at once

On long stairs or corridors you may need several pieces controlling one lamp or long LED strip white glow.

Inside the PIR sensor there is usually a terminal block with standard colored and labeled contacts:

• L, brown or black - phase wire.
• N, blue - neutral wire.
• Ls or L’, red - phase return to the lighting lamps.
• ⊥, yellow-green - protective grounding.

Lighting devices should be connected between contacts A and N. Electrical power should be supplied to L and N, strictly observing the polarity of the connection phase. If you are interested in the circuit diagram of the detector, then follow the link at the beginning of the article.

Sensor setup and adjustment

After installation, it is necessary to carry out the procedure for adjusting the motion sensor for lighting. After all, the geometry of the room is different for everyone (humidity, lighting, wall material).

1. LIGHT or LUX - sensitivity threshold for illumination.
2. TIME - trigger timer.
3. SENSE - sensitivity.

The usual limits for adjusting the timer response time are set in most devices from a few seconds to ten minutes. The photosensitivity threshold can only be set in devices that have an appropriate light sensor. It determines the daylight brightness at which the device stops supplying voltage to the lighting. Setting the sensor sensitivity is the most subtle and capricious setting. In any case, the sensor should respond to the appearance of a person in the room, and not small animals. When changing the viewing angle of the device, sensitivity adjustment is often required.

Video

2shemi.ru

Motion sensor for lighting connection diagram. How to connect a switch with a motion sensor

As a rule, the term “motion sensor” in everyday life defines an electronic infrared device that allows you to detect the presence and movement of a person and helps switch the power to lighting devices and other electrical appliances.

If you want to make your home safer, buy motion sensors that will not only become convenient assistants for you, but will also help you save energy by turning it on or off when you enter or leave the room, respectively.

The motion sensor has a simple principle of operation - when movement appears in its sensitivity zone, all devices connected to it turn on. All devices are turned off when the circuit is automatically opened, and this happens in the absence of movement. In this article, we will take a closer look at the ultralight ask 1403 motion sensor for lighting, which has a viewing angle of 180 degrees.

Typically, a motion sensor is used to turn on lights, but these devices can be used for more than just this purpose. I would like to note that there are sensors with a viewing angle of 360 degrees.

That is, the sensor is capable of detecting any movement from any direction. Therefore, if you have a store, office or any object that needs an alarm system, then in this case a security alarm can be used.

Motion sensor connection diagram to the lamp

Connecting a motion sensor is a simple process that has many analogies with connecting regular switch. After all, like a switch, a motion sensor closes (or opens) an electrical circuit with a lamp connected in series to it, which is the similarity in the connection diagrams of the sensor and the lamp via a switch.

When purchasing a sensor, you should also receive standard instructions for its installation, configuration and connection. Another option for studying the circuit is to look at it on the body of the device itself.

Under the back cover there is a terminal block, as well as three colored wires connected to it, which come out from inside the case. The wires are connected to the terminal clamps. If you are using to connect stranded wire then it is better to use special insulated tips NSHVI.

Power to the sensor from the network comes through two wires: phase L (brown wire) and zero N (blue wire). After the phase leaves the sensor, it arrives at one end of the incandescent lamp. The second end of the lamp is connected to the neutral wire N.

If movement occurs in the control zone, the sensor is triggered, and then the relay contact is closed, which leads to the arrival of a phase to the lamp and, accordingly, to the lamp turning on.

Since the terminal block for connection has screw clamps, we connect the wires to the sensor using NShVI lugs.

It should be noted that the connection phase wire best produced in accordance with circuit diagram, which complements the instructions.

After the wires are connected, put on the cover and move on to the next stage - connecting the wires in the junction box.

Seven wires enter the box, three from the sensor, two from the lamp and two supplying phase and zero. In the power cable, the phase is brown, the neutral is blue.

Let's deal with the wires... For the cable that is connected to the sensor, the white wire is the phase, the green wire is zero, the red wire must be connected to the load.

The wires are connected approximately this way: we connect the phase wire of the power cable together with the phase wire from the sensor (brown and white wire). Then we connect together the neutral wire from the power cable, the neutral wire from the sensor (the one that is green) and the neutral wire from the lamp.

There are two unused wires left (red from the sensor and brown from the lamp) - we connect them together. All connections are ready, as you can see there is nothing complicated...

I'll show you how to connect a motion sensor in a box. I think figuring out the connection won’t be too difficult (if not, then write in the comments and we’ll sort it out). Now you can apply power.

The motion sensor is connected to the lamp. After this, we supply power, the sensor reacts to movement and, closing the circuit, turns on the lamp.

Is it possible to connect a sensor with a switch

It often happens that a motion sensor needs to be connected to the lamp along with a switch. It would seem that there are two devices that are designed for almost the same task - to turn on the lighting.

Indeed, the switch turns off the lamp (lamp) and the motion sensor under certain circumstances (detecting motion) performs the same task - it supplies power to the lamp. Many people don’t understand why these two devices should be connected together. So let's figure out how to connect a switch with a motion sensor and why do it?

If you want your lighting to be on for a certain period of time, regardless of the level of illumination and movements, try using a sensor connection circuit with a switch, connecting a regular switch with one key to the circuit in parallel with the sensor.

Thanks to this connection, you can keep the lighting on for the desired period of time when you turn on the switch. At other times, lighting control should be completely transferred to the sensor, for which the switch should be turned off.

Connecting a motion sensor with a switch - how to do it and why?

A switch that is connected in parallel to the sensor can be added to the circuit to continuously operate the luminaire in the room, regardless of whether there is movement in the room or not. In this case, the switch can duplicate the operation of the motion sensor, as a result of which it will be possible to forcibly control the lighting.

I'll tell you my situation for which I need to connect a switch with a motion sensor. I live in a private house and often come home late in the evening in the dark, especially in winter, when it gets dark early.

To do this, I installed a motion sensor for lighting aimed at the entrance gate in the yard. That is, when I enter the yard in the evening, the sensor should trigger and turn on the lighting. Moreover, I configured the sensor so that the lighting would work for a period of time sufficient to walk from the gate gate to the door of the house.

Now let’s imagine that in the evening or at night I need to go out of the house into the courtyard onto the street, for example, to the store or, say, I hear some rustling in the yard, but there is no lighting (by the way, the sensor does not cover the entire yard). To do this, do I need to go out in the dark and wave my arms until the sensor goes off?

That's why I needed to connect a switch with a motion sensor. And when I leave the house into the yard, I simply turn on the switch and the lamp lights up regardless of the sensor. Connecting a motion sensor with a switch is absolutely not difficult.

Now there is a circuit in which the switch and motion sensor are connected together, but the lamp operates from the switch (regardless of the sensor).

Setting up a motion sensor for lighting

Setting up a motion sensor is another important nuance in the operation of this device. Almost every sensor that can be used to control lighting has additional settings that allow it to work correctly.

Such settings take the form of special potentiometers designed for adjustment: setting the shutdown delay “TIME”, adjusting the illumination threshold “LUX” and adjusting the infrared sensitivity “SENS”.

1. Setting by time - “TIME”

Using the TIME setting, you can set the amount of time the lighting will remain on since the last time motion was detected. The value setting can vary from 1 to 600 seconds (depending on the model).

Using the “TIME” regulator, you can set the time delay setting for the activated motion sensor. The limits within which the trip setting is located range from 5 seconds to 8 minutes (480 seconds). The speed of human movement in the sensor sensitivity area plays the most important role here.

When a person passes through this space relatively quickly (for example, a corridor or staircase at the entrance), it is advisable to reduce the “TIME” setting. And, conversely, when staying in a given space for a certain time (for example, in a storage room, parking lot, utility room), it is better to increase the “TIME” setting.

2. Setting the trigger on the light level - “LUX”

The “LUX” adjustment is used to ensure correct operation of the sensor during the daytime. The sensor will trigger when motion is detected at a lower ambient light level than the threshold. Accordingly, the sensor response is not detected at a higher illumination level compared to the set threshold value.

A drawing showing how to set up a motion sensor with your own hands. For adjustments, there are three regulators on the back of the sensor: a sensitivity regulator, a time regulator and a light regulator. Experiment and everything will work out.

The “LUX” regulator sets the response setting according to the level of ambient illumination (from twilight to sunlight). Division of the scale on which you can set the “LUX” setting, if there are a large number of windows in your room and the predominance natural light, should be minimal or medium.

It is recommended to set the “LUX” setting to the largest scale division if you have in your room natural light or in small quantities.

3. Setting sensitivity to sensor response - “SENS”

You can adjust the sensitivity to triggering, depending on the volume and range of the object, using the “SENS” regulator. The sensor's response to movement directly depends on the sensitivity level. If there are a very large number of sensor activations, it is advisable to reduce the sensitivity and adjust the brightness of the IR illumination to which the motion sensor should respond.

You should increase the sensitivity if the sensor does not respond to you. If the lighting turns on spontaneously, you can reduce the sensitivity. If the sensor was configured in the winter, then it is likely that it will need to be reconfigured in the summer, and, conversely, with summer configuration it will need to be reconfigured in the winter.

And lastly, only by customizing the controlled zone as much as possible can you get a guarantee that he will “see” you. To do this, adjust the optimal tilt position of the head of this sensor. Here it will be sufficient to check the sensor’s response to movement at some point located in the distance.

Similar materials on the site:

electricvdome.ru

Motion sensor to turn on the light: types, selection, diagrams

It is unwise to turn on lighting in some rooms or outdoors for the entire dark period. To ensure that the light turns on only when needed, a motion sensor is installed in the lamp’s power circuit. In the “normal” state, it breaks the power circuit. When a moving object appears in its coverage area, the contacts close and the lighting turns on. After the object disappears from the coverage area, the light turns off. This operating algorithm has proven itself excellent in street lighting, in lighting utility rooms, corridors, basements, entrances and stairs. In general, in those places where people appear only periodically. So, for savings and convenience, it is better to install a motion sensor to turn on the light.

Types and varieties

Motion sensors for turning on lights can be of different types, designed for different operating conditions. First of all, you need to look at where the device can be installed.

Street sensors movements have a high degree of body protection. For normal use outdoors, take sensors with an IP of at least 55, but better - higher. For installation in a home, you can take IP 22 and higher.

Power type

The largest group is wired for connecting to 220 V. There are fewer wireless ones, but there are also enough of them. They are good if you need to turn on lighting powered by low-voltage power sources - rechargeable batteries or solar panels, for example.

Method for determining the presence of motion

The motion sensor for turning on the light can detect moving objects using various detection principles:

Most often, they are used to turn on the lights on the street or at home. infrared sensors movements. They have a low price, a large range of action, and a large number of adjustments that will help you customize it. On stairs and in long corridors it is better to install a sensor with ultrasound or microwave. They are able to turn on the lighting even if you are still far from the light source. Microwaves are recommended for installation in security systems - they detect movement even behind partitions.

Specifications

After you have decided which motion sensor you will install to turn on the lights, you need to select it specifications.

Viewing angle

The motion sensor for turning on the light can have a different viewing angle in the horizontal plane - from 90° to 360°. If an object can be approached from any direction, sensors with a radius of 180-360° are installed, depending on its location. If the device is mounted on a wall, 180° is enough, if on a pole, 360° is already needed. Indoors, you can use those that track movement in a narrow sector.

If there is only one door (a utility room, for example), a narrowband sensor may be sufficient. If the room can be entered from two or three sides, the model should be able to see at least 180°, and better yet, in all directions. The wider the coverage, the better, but the cost of wide-angle models is much higher, so you should proceed from the principle of reasonable sufficiency.

There is also a vertical viewing angle. In ordinary inexpensive models it is 15-20°, but there are models that can cover up to 180°. Wide-angle motion detectors are usually installed in security systems, and not in lighting systems, since their cost is considerable. In this regard, it is worth choosing the correct height for installing the device: so that the “dead zone”, in which the detector simply does not see anything, is not in the place where the movement is most intense.

Range

Here again, you should choose taking into account whether a motion sensor will be installed indoors to turn on the lights or outdoors. For indoor environments, a range of 5-7 meters is sufficient.

For the street, it is desirable to install more “long-range” ones. But look here too: with a large coverage radius, false positives can be very frequent. So having too much coverage can even be a disadvantage.

Power of connected luminaires

Each motion sensor for turning on the light is designed to connect a certain load - it can pass a current of a certain rating through itself. Therefore, when choosing, you need to know the total power of the lamps that the device will connect.

In order not to overpay for increased throughput motion sensor, and even save on electricity bills, use not incandescent lamps, but more economical ones - gas discharge, fluorescent or LED.

Installation method and location

In addition to the obvious division into street and “home”, there is another type of division according to the location of installation of motion sensors:

If the lighting is turned on only to increase comfort, cabinet models are chosen, since they are cheaper with equal characteristics. Built-in ones are installed in security systems. They are miniature, but more expensive.

Additional functions

Some motion detectors have additional features. Some of them are obvious overkill, others, in certain situations, can be useful.

These are all features that may be useful. Pay special attention to animal protection and shutdown delay. These are really useful options.

Where to place

You need to install the motion sensor correctly to turn on the lighting - for it to work correctly, follow certain rules:

In large rooms it is better to install the device on the ceiling. Its viewing radius should be 360°. If the sensor must turn on the lighting from any movement in the room, it is installed in the center; if only some part is monitored, the distance is selected so that the “dead zone” of the ball is minimal.

Motion sensor to turn on the light: installation diagrams

In the simplest case, the motion sensor is connected to the break in the phase wire that goes to the lamp. If we are talking about a dark room without windows, this scheme is workable and optimal.

If we talk specifically about connecting the wires, then phase and zero are connected to the input of the motion sensor (usually labeled L for phase and N for neutral). From the output of the sensor, the phase is supplied to the lamp, and we take zero and ground to it from the panel or from the nearest distribution box.

If we are talking about street lighting or turning on the light in a room with windows, you will need to either install a light sensor (photo relay) or install a switch on the line. Both devices prevent the lights from turning on during daylight hours. Just one (photo relay) works in automatic mode, and the second is turned on forcibly by a person.

They are also placed in the break of the phase wire. Only when using a light sensor, it must be placed in front of the motion relay. In this case, it will receive power only after it gets dark and will not work “idle” during the day. Since any electrical appliance is designed for a certain number of operations, this will extend the life of the motion sensor.

All the schemes described above have one drawback: the lighting cannot be turned on long time. If you need to do some work on the stairs in the evening, you will have to move all the time, otherwise the light will periodically turn off.

To make it possible to turn on the lighting for a long time, a switch is installed in parallel with the detector. While it is turned off, the sensor is in operation, the light turns on when it is triggered. If you need to turn on the lamp for a long period, flip the switch. The lamp stays on until the switch is turned to the off position again.

Adjustment (setting)

After installation, the motion sensor must be configured to turn on the light. There are small rotary controls on the body to adjust almost all parameters. They can be turned by inserting your fingernail into the slot, but it is better to use a small screwdriver. Let us describe the adjustment of a DD-type motion sensor with a built-in light sensor, since they are most often installed in private homes to automate street lighting.

Tilt angle

For those sensors that are mounted on walls, you first need to set the angle of inclination. They are mounted on rotating brackets, with the help of which their position changes. It must be selected so that the controlled area is the largest. It is impossible to give exact recommendations, since it depends on the vertical viewing angle of the model and on the height at which you hung it.

Optimal height motion sensor installation - about 2.4 meters. In this case, even those models that can cover only 15-20° vertically control sufficient space. Adjusting the incline angle is a very rough name for what you will have to do. You will gradually change the angle of inclination, check how the sensor works in this position from different possible entry points. It's not difficult, but it's tedious.

Sensitivity

On the body this adjustment is labeled SEN (from English sensitive - sensitivity). The position can be changed from minimum (min/low) to maximum (max/hight).

This is one of the most difficult settings, since it determines whether the sensor will trigger on small animals (cats and dogs). If the dog is large, it will not be possible to avoid false alarms. With medium and small animals this is quite possible. The setup procedure is as follows: set it to minimum, check how it works for you and for inhabitants of smaller stature. If necessary, increase the sensitivity little by little.

Delay time

Different models have different shutdown delay ranges - from 3 seconds to 15 minutes. You need to insert it the same way - by turning the adjusting wheel. It is usually signed Time (translated from English as “time”).

Everything is relatively easy here - knowing the minimum and maximum of your model, you can approximately choose a position. After turning on the flashlight, freeze and note the time after which it will turn off. Next, change the position of the regulator in the right side.

Light level

This adjustment relates to the photo relay, which, as we agreed, is built into our motion sensor to turn on the light. If there is no built-in photo relay, it simply will not exist. This adjustment is labeled LUX, the extreme positions are labeled min and max.

Electrician in the house wiring diagrams

To effectively protect property located in a house or apartment, many have been invented and implemented. different systems security. Basically, various types of alarms are most often installed, supporting a wide range of different sensors - this allows you to most effectively control everything that happens at the site. One of the devices that modern security systems are equipped with is a laser motion sensor, which is capable of detecting the slightest movement in the protected area. A distinctive feature of such devices is not only their high sensitivity to movement, but also the fact that it is quite easy to make a laser sensor with your own hands. And, most importantly, this does not require any expensive parts.

Application area

Considering high efficiency motion detection using this type of sensors, they are installed at the following objects:

• V financial companies and banking institutions;
• in office premises;
• in cottages;
• in apartments.

Considering the high cost of alarms based on laser sensors, their “factory versions” are used in the first two cases. For private cottages and apartments, you can make a laser motion detector yourself.

Principle of operation

The functioning of the laser sensor is based on the use of an emitter and a receiver laser beam. The first of them generates a luminous flux that falls on a photocell installed opposite the emitter.

When the laser beam does not hit the photodetector, its resistance is very high, and when irradiated by the light beam, a flow of photoelectrons begins to form, which leads to an increase in conductivity and a decrease in the electrical resistance of the photocell.

While the sensing element is irradiated by the beam, electrical diagram the alarm is closed and the contacts of the relay system that controls external devices remain in their original position. As soon as the beam is interrupted, there is a sharp increase in the resistance of the photocell - this opens the electrical circuit and switches the relay system, which leads to the activation of external actuators.

The operating principle is the same both in “factory” laser sensors and in those that were created with your own hands.

Design

In order to independently make a motion sensor based on the use of laser radiation, you will need basic knowledge electronics, soldering skills and an inexpensive set of components. To create a laser sensor at home you will need the following kit:

• laser emitter;
• photodetector;
• relay node;
• emitter power supply;
• mounting parts;
• conductors;
• soldering kit;
• set of tools.

As an emitter, you can choose a laser pointer, a keychain, or a laser included in children's toys. The role of a radiation detector can be effectively performed by a conventional photoresistor, the resistance of which changes when it is irradiated by a light beam. The presence of a relay mechanism will allow you to control the operation of external devices at the moment when the sensor is triggered.

Creating a sensor based on a pointer is the simplest scheme that anyone can implement with their own hands.

Instructions for assembling the laser sensor

A laser motion sensor consists of two main elements - an emitter and a receiver of the generated light beam. As mentioned above, a conventional laser pointer will be used as the emitter. Since it is powered by several batteries with a small capacity, its power system should initially be redesigned. To obtain the required voltage rating, you can use a low-voltage unit by connecting it through a rheostat or after upgrading its functional part by installing an additional regulating resistor at the output. The use of this type of power system will allow you to obtain a continuous beam, the generation of which will occur as long as there is voltage in the network to which the power supply is connected.

The radiation receiver will be built on the basis of a photoresistor, which changes its resistance when light radiation hits it. To prevent it from reacting to sunlight that will be present at the installation site, it should be placed in a sufficiently deep, dark-colored tube. This will prevent exposure to external lighting and false alarms, which will include a self-made laser detector.

Note!

For the sensor to work correctly, it is important that its emitter and receiving part are located strictly on the same axis. This will ensure that the laser beam hits the center of the photoresistor, providing a clear alarm when it is blocked.

When a sensor is installed as part of a security alarm system, a relay system is connected to it. It provides control of the operation of external actuators at the moment of overlap. The sensor's power supply system is also connected via a relay. This is done so that after the alarm is turned on when the laser sensor is triggered, it does not turn off at the moment when the beam hits the photocell again. Thanks to this scheme, if the laser beam is interrupted once, the alarm will work continuously until it is turned off with a special button.

Conclusion

Assembling a laser-based motion sensor is a fairly simple task. To implement such a project, small financial investments, which will allow you to get an alarm element at the output, which in the “factory” version costs quite a lot of money. In terms of functionality, a homemade laser sensor is practically not inferior to one made in a production environment. The difference between a homemade sensor is that it can be easily upgraded. By changing the laser power and using reflectors in the form of mirrors, it is possible to form laser traps that will cover the entire area of ​​the protected object.

Motion sensor LX-02

This article discusses the motion sensor circuit LX-02 (SEN15) produced by the Chinese company Camelion, as well as its connection diagram. There are two more sensor models in this line: LX-01, which differs from the other two in the absence of a dimmer, and LX-03, which is characterized by increased output power (up to 3 kW) due to the use of a more powerful relay at the output.

There is also a sensor LXP-02. The differences from the LX-02 are significant - both in design and circuitry. But, of course, not in principle of action.

At the end of the article, instructions for these motion sensors will be given.

Motion sensor device

The design of the sensor contains two parts - a fixed one, which is attached to the surface, and a movable one. The moving part has two degrees of freedom and can rotate 30-40 0 in horizontal and vertical planes.

When disassembled, the LX-02 motion sensor looks like this:

View of boards from the parts side

View from the back side (from the soldering side):

The device uses the following main parts:

• The chip is LM324, these are four operational amplifiers in one package. The datasheet can be downloaded here: / , pdf, 134.11 kB, downloaded: 2710 times./
• motion sensor – PIR D203S or 1VY7015
• transistor type S9013 - bipolar medium power. The datasheet can be downloaded here: / , pdf, 62.29 kB, downloaded: 1357 times./
• relay SHD-24VDC-F-A.

On the side of the microcircuit key there is a light control, next to it there is an on-time control.

Motion sensor circuits

Sensor circuit looks something like this.

Here is another similar scheme, but simpler. This is the diagram security sensor. I express my gratitude to the source – www.guarda.ru.

Motion Sensor. Scheme 2

In different sensor models, the circuit may vary slightly, but the operating principle is the same. Briefly it can be described as follows.

The signal from the pyro sensor (most often used is 1vy7015) goes to the amplifier, then the comparator operates, from the output of which the signal goes through the transistor to the relay coil. The relay turns the load on and off with its contacts.

The 4 microcircuits shown in the diagram should not be misleading - in fact, this is one microcircuit, in the case of which there are 4 operational amplifiers with a common power supply.

The third diagram is given at the end of the article.

Connecting a motion sensor

Connecting a motion sensor requires a little more skill than connecting a regular switch. By mixing up the sensor leads, you can burn both the sensor itself and the electrical wiring. Especially if she...

I had this happen when the instructions indicated certain wire colors, but in reality they were different.