Surely every person in his life has had to experience discomfort when visiting any official institutions, entertainment venues, or simply coming to visit. And the cause of this discomfort was the incorrect, uncomfortable position of the body while sitting.

This does not happen because the hosts are evil, heartless people and unwelcoming owners, far from it, it’s just that when furnishing the room, they chose the wrong size of chairs. How so? Does it really matter, how can a chair be the right or wrong size?

It turns out that yes, quality furniture is produced in accordance with generally accepted standards, which take into account the complexion of the average person. However, not all furniture factories adhere to standards, trying to speed up production rates or reduce the cost of their products. As a result, we get the size of chairs, tables and sofas that would suit, perhaps, a giant or a midget, but not a person with normal physiological parameters.

Shall we sit down and relax? Or…

It just so happens that when furnishing a work or living space, people are usually concerned with aesthetics; they take into account how harmoniously the furniture will fit into the interior, and whether it will suit the style of other items in the room. Size turns out to be a decisive factor; attention is paid to this parameter only in the case of cramped space. Buyers are more concerned about whether the seating will fit into the desired corner or be too big for it. And in doing so they make a serious mistake.

In fact, if you purchase something unsuitable for comfortable sitting furniture, a person, sitting down even on the most expensive chair, will experience a whole range of unpleasant sensations.

So, if the back of the chair does not have the required tilt of 8-12 degrees, the person sitting is guaranteed back and neck pain. When the seat is too low and the knees are unnaturally bent, normal blood circulation is disrupted, which leads to numbness and numbness in the limbs. If the height of the chair and table is unbalanced, it is uncomfortable for a person to work, he is forced to constantly lean towards his workplace, which is why he quickly gets tired and risks developing myopia.

gold standard

It is believed that the most optimal and frequently used option would be the following dimensions of a chair with a back:

• height from the floor to the top of the back - 800-900 mm;
• height from floor to seat - 400-450 mm;
• back height - 400-450 mm;
• back and seat width - approximately 430 mm;
• chair depth - 500-550 mm;

Of course, these are fairly approximate dimensions; first of all, the height of the backrest and the width of the seat may differ, since these factors do not greatly influence the comfort of the sitting posture.

Variation on the theme of a chair

When making a chair with your own hands, the dimensions simply need to be taken into account. When creating a preliminary drawing of the entire structure, it is best to arm yourself with ready-made diagrams that are developed by professional carpenters, since they produce models according to all the rules. A good chair should not tip back, wobble, be too straight, low or high.

Of course, there are different models of furniture, sometimes completely outside the standard parameters. Let's look at the currently popular tall ones, suitable in height for bar counters, which are radically different from the parameters of their classic counterparts. The height from the floor to the seat is 75-85 cm, most often it can be adjusted using a special lifting mechanism. It is important to consider that such furniture can be in the form of a stool or a chair with a back. For home, the second option is preferable. It’s much more comfortable to spend time at the dining table in comfort, and the ability to lean back after have a delicious dinner- this is an undeniable advantage of a good chair.

Another important nuance for this is the presence of a footrest. Dangling your legs, of course, is fun and interesting, but you should not deprive yourself or your guests of the opportunity to fix their limbs at the moment when they get tired of the free hanging position.

According to individual sizes

Many readers will probably be interested in the question of what to do for people who have non-standard height or weight. An ordinary chair is made in such a way that it should withstand the load of a sitting person no heavier than 100 kg. The average height is taken into account in the range of 167 cm for a man and 156 cm for a woman. For those who are significantly lower or higher than these indicators, you can order or make a chair according to individual sizes.

When making bespoke furniture, carpenters use several important measurements that directly influence the size of wooden chairs for clients. To calculate, they will need to know the client’s height in a standing and sitting position, take into account the length of his lower leg on the inside and outside, as well as the length of the thigh.

For the convenience of working at the table, you need to take into account its height. This parameter affects the comfort of using furniture. The standard table height should be suitable...

From Masterweb

For the convenience of working at the table, you need to take into account its height. This parameter affects the comfort of using furniture. The standard table height should be suitable for the average height of adults and children. Moreover, this parameter is different for each type of furniture.

Purpose

The main thing in furniture is its parameters. Why is table height important? This indicator can provide ease of use. As well as protection against spinal disorders. The height of the desktop plays an important role. This determines the comfort required by the position of the body, especially the back.

If the furniture is not suitable, then the person needs to lean forward and slouch while working. This causes curvature of the spine, as well as discomfort in the back. Therefore it is important to choose suitable height table for adults and children. But it should be borne in mind that for each type of structure, taking into account its purpose, the parameters are different.

Kitchen

The height of the kitchen table is determined by the person’s parameters. The greater the height, the higher the working surface should be. In this case, the furniture will be comfortable. To determine the optimal height of the kitchen table, the following rules are used:

1. With a height of up to 150 cm, the design should have parameters within 75-76 cm.
2. At 150-160 cm, a height of 80-82 cm from the floor is more suitable.
3. Indicators of 160-180 cm are considered the general standard. They are taken into account by many companies when creating furniture products. In this case, the parameter can be 87-90 cm. This is the standard table height, since it will be convenient for men and women.
4. If the height is higher than standard parameters, then the furniture is created to order. At 185-200 cm, there will be 1 meter from the floor to the tabletop.

It is important that the furniture is comfortable for the whole family. Since it is not possible to select a design for each parameter, therefore the average is calculated. For example, if the wife’s height is 150 cm, and the husband’s is 190 cm, then the average is 170 cm. And for this you need a table 85-87 cm in height. And since women usually spend more time in the kitchen, it is better to choose 80 cm.

Writing

The height of desks for children and adults is different. This should be taken into account when purchasing a structure. If height-adjustable tables are created for children, then for adults everything is different. It is important to take into account body type, size, and height. You need to choose furniture based on these parameters.

In addition to height, length and width are taken into account. They must meet standards. When these indicators are lower, inconveniences are felt that negatively affect the condition. musculoskeletal system. Comfort is determined by the height of the desktop and other dimensions. According to the “Modulor”, created by the architect and designer Le Corbusier, the following proportions apply:

1. Since the average height of people on earth is about 175-183 cm, the standard height of a writing desk is 700-800 mm.
2. For 150-160 cm it is better to choose 60 cm.
3. If you are 190-200 cm tall, you need to order a height desk 85-90 cm.

These rules are used all over the world. Taking them into account, you will be able to choose a suitable product that will be comfortable to work with.

Computer

Suitable height computer desk will allow you to work comfortably for a long time. When the parameter is insufficient, the person leans forward, which greatly strains the back. And at higher rates, the person sitting raises his head up, which negatively affects the condition of the back.

There are rules that must be taken into account when choosing computer furniture:

1. When sitting at a table, your back should be straight and your shoulders should be straightened to the sides.
2. The forearms should be placed on the surface.
3. It is important that the shoulder girdle is not raised.
4. The norm is the location of the working surface in the solar plexus area.
5. Your legs should be bent at a right angle, they should be on the floor.

If you follow these rules, you will be able to prevent problems with the spine. The person will not have the curvature or deformation that usually leads to serious illnesses. The height of the computer desk is determined by height. Usually it is 75 cm, which is designed for a height of 170-172 cm. For others, such a product will be inconvenient. Then you need to order a design.

Dining

Height dining table should be comfortable for everyone so that there is no discomfort while eating food. When sitting at such furniture, the body should feel relaxed, it should rest. When choosing the height of the dining table, height is taken into account.

For convenience, you need a size of 700-750 mm. This parameter is optimal, it is chosen when the height is 165 cm. The average height of furniture is 72-78 cm. For calculation suitable option the formula is used: furniture height = height * 75/165 (75 cm is the height of the structure, 165 is the average parameter of a person). For example, with a height of 170 cm, the calculation will be as follows: 170*75/165=77.3.

Children's

The correct height of the children's desk will allow you to work comfortably. Then there will be no strong tension on your back. For children, furniture must be chosen especially carefully, otherwise unsuitable designs lead to curvature of the spine. But they have to spend a lot of time at the table.

Height is required to determine height. If a product is selected for a first-grader or teenager, then the following parameters should be taken into account:

1. With a height of up to 85 cm – 34 cm.
2. 85-100 – 40 cm.
3. 100-115 – 46.
4. 115-130 – 52.
5. 130-145 – 58.
6. 145-153 – 64.
7. 154-161 – 67.
8. 162-170 – 71.

Suitable parameters ensure the full development of the child. It is also worth considering that a growing organism requires suitable conditions for comfort. When choosing furniture for a child, you need to focus on the following points:

1. The feet should be on the floor, and the shin and thigh should form a right angle.
2. The required depth of the chair is set as follows: the seat of the chair should not dig into the popliteal joints.
3. There should be 10-15 cm or more between the knees and the table top.
4. The distance from the eyes to the surface of the structure should be from the tips of the fingers to the elbow.

It is necessary to choose a suitable chair for the table so that the child’s classes are comfortable. In addition to height, you need to pay attention to width, shape, and design of structures. The material and the presence of original parts are also important. Chairs of a height suitable for comfortable use are often sold in sets with tables. The main thing is to use them as intended.

Selection rules

Although many different parameters are taken into account when buying furniture, size should still be the main thing. And this applies to any type of table:

1. If you plan to choose a kitchen set for cooking, then it is better to buy 80-85 cm. This indicator is standard, so there will be no difficulties with the search. In addition, such a product will be comfortable for people with a height of 1.5-2 meters.
2. If a written design is required, and the height is greater or less than average, then it is advisable to order furniture according to the required parameters. Dimensions should be set according to the formula: height*75/165 cm.
3. It is important to know when choosing chairs - the best height is 42 cm. Tall ones require 45, and small ones - 40.
4. If you are buying a product for a child, you need to calculate it especially carefully. Adjustable models work great.

Solving non-standard situations

Height is especially important when choosing furniture for the whole family. Non-standard cases are solved in the following ways:

1. The size of the chair can be adjusted. There are many chairs sold in stores and markets that can be adjusted in height. This will allow you to sit comfortably at the table. But then there may be inconvenience with the placement of the legs. And this negatively affects health.
2. Manufacturing of furniture to order. In this situation, it is preferable to focus on the growth of an individual in the family. You can determine the average. A difference of a few centimeters will not be visible. But you can get the desired result only with a small difference in height. Before production, a drawing must be created.
3. You can choose a table with an adjustable top. Such products are usually created for schoolchildren.

These techniques allow you to create furniture that is comfortable for the whole family. The best solution The design will be made to order or independently. The advantage of the method is considered to be budget savings, and it also becomes possible to create a comfortable product.

Adjustable height

Except classic products There are tables that are height adjustable. These are mechanical modules or transformers. They often have X-shaped supports with which you can set this parameter. But there may be a retractable or electronic mechanism.

An excellent choice would be a coffee table that can become a dining table. The advantages of furniture include:

1. Comfort for the whole family - you can adapt to children and adults.
2. Compact and space saving due to multifunctionality.
3. Practicality and the ability to be placed anywhere in the room.

The disadvantage of height-adjustable tables is their high price and the low load that the product can withstand – approximately 30-45 kg.

Consequences of the wrong choice

Furniture that is incorrectly selected in height creates tension, discomfort, and fatigue. This applies to tables different cases. In the kitchen, this design also causes a lot of inconvenience. About 40 muscles work when slicing food. If the workplace is higher, the load increases noticeably, and if it is lower, this becomes the cause of rapid fatigue.

A suitable table height eliminates back problems and diseases associated with this phenomenon. Knowing the height and calculation rules, you will be able to choose suitable furniture.

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When choosing furniture, you should pay attention to such important quality as compliance of the product parameters with the parameters human body. Still, modern life forces us to a sedentary lifestyle, which means we need to try hard to find a chair that will be comfortable for you in all respects.

Basic anthropometric indicators of the average person

The figure below shows some anthropometric data of the human figure at rest, in motion and during the use of furniture. Taking into account the above data, most furniture sizes are standard.

Based on them, all the basic patterns were developed. Let's move on to specifics.

Chair parameters

For example, if the height of the table is 720-750 mm, then the height of the seat of the chair should be 430-450 mm. It is possible to reduce the height of the working surface of the table to 680 mm (for working with a keyboard or typewriter).

For seats, the width at the widest part of the chairs should be at least 360 mm; if the chair is a work chair, then the entire width is 400 mm. When using backrests with curvature in furniture, the radius of curvature should be 450 mm for regular full-size backrests (their height is up to 320 mm), and 220 mm for lumbar backrests (their height exceeds 320 mm).

Types of chairs and their sizes

Chairs come in completely different shapes, so depending on their purpose, they can decorate the kitchen, nursery, office and living room. Let's sort it out in order.

Increasingly, bar counters decorate not only studio apartments, but also kitchens in one-room apartments, the dimensions of which leave much to be desired. If your kitchen has a bar counter, then to complete the picture it is worth purchasing bar stools. They will be in harmony with each other, which will create a single, complete style.

Standard sizes bar counter - 120x55x105(length-width-height, cm). Of course, these parameters may be different:

— The height of factory racks is usually 110/120/125/130 cm;
— If the stand is part of the headset, then its height is 860/880/910 cm.

These parameters are obtained as a result of a simple calculation that takes into account: the base of typical furniture is 100/120/150 mm in height, the thickness of the tabletop is within 40 mm and the height of the facade is 720 mm.

It is based on these that you need to choose bar stools

Bar stool sizes

The dimensions of bar stools directly depend on the height of the bar counter. So:

- if the bar counter is 110 cm high, you should consider options for bar stools 75 cm high;
- if the stand is 120 or 130 cm, pay attention to chair models with a height of 85 cm.

The table shows the recommended sizes of bar stools depending on the height of the counter. Keep in mind that it is not necessary to strictly adhere to these exact numbers, the main thing is that the difference between the height of the table and chairs is not less than 30:

Little trick:

To save space in the kitchen, you should buy high plastic stools rather than traditional bar stools. They will easily fit under the counter if necessary. And for a small kitchen, transparent plastic chairs that have recently come into fashion are suitable.

Bar stool - stylish detail interior design, which is very popular in the West, but has recently become increasingly popular in our homeland.

Children's chairs and their sizes

Children's high chairs are often sold complete with a square-shaped children's table. So, if the length and width of the table are 59.5 cm, and the height is 53.5 cm, then the parameters of the chair should be as follows:

– height – 57 cm;
— length – 30 cm;
– width – 28 cm.

Above are standard sizes that you can use as a reference. If you need to slightly modify the parameters, you can always contact a carpenter, and he will complete the order according to your individual measurements and preferences.

Office chair

Office chairs come in two types: on wheels and on stable metal legs. Yes, measurements standard office chair on wheels will be as follows:

– height – ranges from 112 – 124 cm, where Bottom part is 41 – 54 cm, and the upper seat is from 63 to 68 cm;
— length – 43.5 – 45 cm;
— the diameter of the semicircle of wheels is 60 cm.

Classic chair with stable legs usually the following parameters:

— height – 80.5 cm, where the lower part is 50 cm and the upper seat is 30.5 cm;
— seat length – 40.5 cm;
— the width of the legs at the bottom is 60.5 cm.

How to choose an office chair?

Jens Kapelmann, head of sales for Dauphin, one of Germany's largest chair manufacturers, gives advice on how to choose a good work chair for minimal money. Ask the seller the following questions:

1. Does the chair have a synchro mechanism?

   This is when the seat and backrest synchronously and automatically repeat the movements of the seated person: forward, backward, sideways. Thus, without losing contact of the spine with the back of the chair, the person is in active movement, the spine is relaxed, and there is no unnecessary tension on the muscles. This is the main thing. Without a synchronizing mechanism, a chair is not a chair, but a stool with a backrest.

2. Is there an adjustable backrest resistance?

   Each person has a different weight, so the different forces that we put on the back of the chair must be proportionately compensated by its resistance. Otherwise, fragile little girls will sit like soldiers, unable to overcome their backrest. And large men are always in a relaxed reclining position, which is not very well received by their superiors. It’s good when you find a balance: the back should tilt relatively easily - but not so much that it “flies away”. The adjustment can be mechanical or automatic.

3. Is there seat depth adjustment?

   According to the rules of ergonomics, there should be a distance from the edge of the seat to the inner bend of the knee the width of your palm. If it is less, you “slide” out of the chair. If it is larger, you drown in it, causing your leg muscles to strain unnecessarily.



4. Is there a negative seat angle?

   And, at the same time, backrests, less than 90 degrees - this is when the backrest, following the person sitting, seems to descend towards the table. A negative seat tilt is needed in order to get rid of excess pressure on inner part hips, due to which the blood flow in this place is pinched and the muscles do not receive proper nutrition and oxygen. This happens when you are forced to work for a long time in a position inclined towards the table (writing with a pen, peering at the data on the monitor). Require a negative slope!

5. Are there armrests?

   When you want to save money, the first thing you get rid of in your chair is the armrests. And this is a mistake. The armrests are aligned with the tabletop, so your wrist, forearm and hand on the keyboard (or with a pen) are always at the same level. The arm (including the shoulders) is always relaxed. And that's great. There are no armrests - and all day long your muscles do nothing but support your arms, forcing your shoulders to rise higher and higher, leading to stooping and increased tension in the shoulder girdle. The ability to adjust their height and width is important in armrests. All sorts of 3D and other mechanisms are from the evil one.

6. Is the back height adjustable?

   More precisely the height of the lumbar support. It's good if yes. The lumbar support ensures the tightest contact of the back of the chair with the point of greatest curvature of the spine. It’s bad when the lumbar support rests on the buttocks or, on the contrary, almost on the shoulder blades. The tighter the contact, the more relaxed the sitting posture. But, in fact, the height of the backrest does not play an ergonomic role. This is purely a symbol of the status and importance of the person sitting, nothing more.

All. The minimum program has been completed. The remaining options are a matter of subjective wishes and available budgets.

And finally, a few comments:

— The mesh back is not inferior in ergonomics to a regular back upholstered in fabric. The mesh is more convenient in summer time- allows air to pass through well and is ventilated.

— The headrest is a completely empty device. It has no ergonomic role.

— The plastic base of the chair is not inferior in its characteristics to the metal one. Modern plastic in chairs is special, highly durable. It can easily serve for 10 years or more, and is not particularly susceptible to any serious damage.

— When choosing a work chair, it would be good to pay attention to the fabric with which it is upholstered. The main characteristic of fabric is its abrasion and wear resistance index. It is expressed in Martindales. For office chair this index must be at least 80 000 .

— It’s worth clarifying the type of wheels. They are available for hard floors (with soft felt attachments so as not to damage the floor) and, on the contrary, for soft floors (with plastic attachments so that they glide better on carpeting).

— The normal warranty for a work chair is 5 years. If they give less, it’s a reason to think about it.

— If you need to save money: choose cheaper fabric, a plastic base of the chair, mechanical rather than automatic adjustments, a lower backrest. You can’t skimp on mechanisms and armrests.



Dining (kitchen) chair

Ideally, dining or kitchen chairs should be practical, reliable, lightweight, made from hygienic, easy-to-clean, moisture-resistant materials and, of course, be in harmony with the color and design of the table.

To choose the right size kitchen table, again, should be based on the size of the dining table. So, if you have a kitchen table with a height of 75-80 cm, then chairs should be considered with a height of 96 cm, where the height of the seat will be 45 - 48 cm. The width and depth are 42 and 48 cm, respectively.



Some tips:

— If the chairs are made of solid wood, then they must be subjected to additional processing moisture-proofing compounds.

- IN modern kitchens Furniture such as chairs made of plastic or acrylic, complemented by a chrome-plated metal frame, will also look good.

— Plastic chairs with chrome legs in the kitchen interior

— Transparent, seemingly “invisible” chairs are perfect for a small kitchen.

— Chairs can have hard seats, soft or semi-soft seats. In the latter cases, the upholstery is often made of microfiber - a high-quality and practical material with water- and dirt-repellent properties. This furniture is often complemented by upholstery made of durable Teflon-impregnated material, leatherette or leather.

— Don’t want to choose chairs that match the color of the table and furniture? Choose chairs that match the curtains or some color accent (wall, backsplash, decor, etc.).

height – 47 cm;
length – 32 cm;
The width of the legs at the bottom is 32 cm.

Ergonomics deals with the optimization of workplaces in order to ensure maximum labor efficiency. If we take it more broadly, it is responsible for convenience and comfort. An ergonomic kitchen should allow owners to prepare food minimal costs time without getting physically tired. And, of course, without the risk of injury. We have to take into account cooking technologies and understand the peculiarities of human physiology and psychology. Universal kitchen ergonomics and creation of individual comfortable environment For specific person or the whole family - the topic of our article.

There are generally accepted rules for designing furniture; with their help, you can create an environment in which any person will feel more or less comfortable. But people are different, they lead their lives differently, and have physical characteristics and habits unique to them. A standard solution that is considered convenient will not always be the best for a particular person. When setting up your own kitchen, it’s worth thinking about how you prepare your food. And how this process could be improved and facilitated if the situation were organized differently. Individual ergonomic design is not a luxury, but a way to reduce cooking time, preserve health and create Have a good mood.

An ergonomic kitchen is comfortable, allows you to cook food faster without getting tired

Everything according to the mind: rational kitchen layout

The basis of an ergonomic kitchen is a convenient layout and arrangement of furniture, taking into account the cooking technology. We cook basically like this: take a piece of meat (fish, vegetables) out of the refrigerator, wash (clean), cut (crumb), put in a frying pan (in a saucepan, on baking sheet). The path of most products: refrigerator - sink - cutting board- plate. You just need to arrange the kitchen equipment and furniture without confusing their sequence. If in a linear kitchen you place a stove between the refrigerator and the sink, the housewife is forever doomed to unnecessary manipulations, which will certainly cause inconvenience and irritation.

It doesn't matter in what configuration the furniture will be arranged. In one line, L-shaped or P-shape. The main thing is to observe the technologically determined sequence in the arrangement of equipment

As for the size of the zones: the larger the better. A large refrigerator, a two-compartment sink with a “wing”, a food preparation (cutting) area 90-120 cm long and a full-size cooker are the ideal solution. Alas, in domestic conditions, the size of the room limits the flight of imagination. The inhabitants of “Khrushchev” apartments have no choice: the refrigerator, provided there is a table, often has to be taken out into the corridor or hallway, because in a kitchen with an area of ​​6 m2 there is simply no room for it.

Functional layout kitchen furniture must comply with cooking technology

Options for arranging furniture and appliances in a standard kitchen with an area of ​​12 m2

When planning a kitchen, it is necessary to take into account recommendations for both the height of individual furniture elements and the width of passages

Optimal length of working area

Let's calculate what, in our opinion, a convenient length of the kitchen front should be. It will consist of the following elements:

• Standard refrigerator - 60 cm.
• Sink - 80 cm. A smaller one (60 cm) will not be so convenient. The “trough” will take about 35-40 cm, and the remaining 20-25 cm for the “wing” will be too small. The sink wing is used not only for storing unwashed dishes, but also for preliminary preparation products. You should not place the sink close to the refrigerator; it is advisable to step back at least 10 cm.
• Product preparation (cutting) area - from 90 cm.
• Standard size slab - 60 cm.

As a result, we gained 300 cm. This almost corresponds to the capabilities modern apartments or "Brezhnevok" increased comfort, if the furniture is arranged in an L-shape. You can “tighten up” by reducing the width of the cutting area and the distance from the stove to the refrigerator. You can get by with a 50-centimeter stove.

One of possible options distribution of elements working area kitchens. For those who cook a lot at home, we recommend making the food preparation area much wider than in the diagram. It’s better to give up a separate zone for additional household appliances, placing a kettle and coffee maker between the sink and the stove. If necessary, the equipment can be rearranged, freeing up space for “big” cooking

The role of an additional or main place for cooking can be played by an “island”, if, of course, there is a place for it. The island should be the same height as the main work area. Given its sufficient dimensions, it is extremely convenient to cook on it, but when transferring food from the island to the sink or stove, something will definitely fall or spill on the floor.

The kitchen island can simultaneously serve work surface, dining table and bar counter. Its height should be the same as that of the tabletop

If there is not enough space

What should the owners of small-sized apartments do, where there is a catastrophic lack of space for full-fledged kitchen furniture and appliances, and it is impossible to make an improving redevelopment? We offer the following solutions:

• Place the refrigerator outside the kitchen: in the hallway or hallway. If, of course, there is a place for him there. This will allow you to install a full-size stove and sink, leaving enough space for preparation and cutting and a kitchen table for two or three people. True, in a large family, a housewife who is actively involved in cooking may, over time, regret her choice, making her way around with pots. narrow corridor past the husband, children and dog to the refrigerator.

Arranging furniture in a tiny apartment is always a search for compromise. In this case, when planning the kitchen, they “sacrificed” the wardrobe in the hallway by placing a refrigerator there. This made it possible to at least slightly expand the working surface of the kitchen and set up a dining table for not two, but three people.

• Use the kitchen table for big cooking. A small area of ​​30-40 cm at the work front is enough for preparing breakfast. If no one is sitting at the dining table at this time, it is a convenient and large place for cutting and cutting food, kneading dough, and serves as a kitchen “island”. However, it should be noted that the height standard table for breakfasts and lunches - 70-72 cm and working at it while standing will be extremely inconvenient. Not everyone will like cooking while sitting, but for standing work it is more comfortable when the table height is identical to the level kitchen countertop(90-95 cm). Chairs standard height They are not suitable for such a table, you need models of medium height.

The room is small, there was not enough space for a full dining table. Instead, they installed a half-bar table, which is a continuation of the tabletop

For a table that is identical in height to the tabletop, neither ordinary low nor too high bar stools are suitable. You will have to choose a chair of intermediate height - they are on sale, but in a smaller range. Bar stools with adjustable height seats are suitable

• “Bachelor kitchen” involves more free planning and distribution of elements of the work area. Usually there are only one or two people in the room at the same time; there are no numerous household members scurrying around during the cooking process. In a “bachelor kitchen,” you can even sacrifice a standard dining table in favor of a stylish bar counter, which will serve as additional work space. A table or counter can be installed under the window, this will free up the center of a small kitchen.

The window sill table allows you to have a normal breakfast, but takes up virtually no space

• Transformable furniture will help you get more functionality in a small space. In addition to sliding tables, there are retractable and folding tables.

On this small and very narrow kitchen only a retractable dining table fits, which is completely hidden under the tabletop after eating

Inside the transforming table (length varies from 20 to 150 cm) a full set of folding chairs fits

The folding table when folded does not take up any space in the room

Many kitchen furniture manufacturers offer retractable cutting boards.

Not enough space when cooking a lot - increase the kitchen work surface by pulling out an additional cutting board

• You can also build drawers into the base, storing infrequently used items.

A usually unused reserve for storing utensils is the base, where drawers can also be built in. They should be recessed relative to the main facade of the kitchen by 6-10 cm

How high should the tabletop be?

The wrong choice of tabletop height can lead to overstrain of the back muscles and, as a result, excessive fatigue and constant lower back pain. The height of the kitchen working surface should be determined individually, in accordance with the height of the owners of the apartment or house.

In accordance with domestic standards, according to which standard furniture is still produced, the height of the kitchen countertop should be 85 cm. But GOST was developed in the 60s of the last century, when the average height Soviet women was 157 cm. Today's ladies have “grown” by almost 10 cm, and the younger generation continues to stretch even higher. Nowadays, even men, whose average height is 175 cm, do not disdain cooking. The low “grandmother’s” kitchen is no longer suitable for most contemporaries.

When determining a comfortable height for the kitchen work surface, it is necessary to take into account the differences in height between people

Fortunately, the architecture of the modern kitchen modular furniture makes it possible to install the kitchen work surface at a height convenient for a particular family. Most European manufacturers produce lower tier cabinets with a height of 72 cm. The thickness of the tabletop is 3-4 cm. The height of the working area is set by correct selection supports, the height of which ranges from 10 to 18 cm. Moreover, the supports have an adjustable design, which allows you to increase its height by another 2 cm. We get a minimum height of 85 and a maximum of 96 cm with the ability to set any value within these parameters.

Standard legs for kitchen furniture have an adjustment range of 2 cm

How to choose the right kitchen countertop height for a specific person? We recommend taking a simple anthropometric measurement. While standing, bend your elbow at a right angle. The shoulder is vertical, the forearm is strictly horizontal. Open your palm and point it down. Measure the distance from the floor to your palm. Subtract 10-15 cm from the obtained value. This will be the height range of the kitchen countertop on which it will be convenient for this person to cook.

It is better to determine the ergonomic height of the working surface not so much by height as by the distance from the floor to the elbow. The optimum lies in the range of 10-15 cm below the elbow

Higher tabletop means more space for utensils

Not enough space to store kitchen utensils? With a high countertop, additional space can be found by making the lower cabinets higher than the standard size. For example, with a working area height of 94 cm and a table top of 4 cm, you can install low 10 cm legs. 80 cm remains, which is 8 cm more than the standard value. If the furniture is not standard, but is made to order, it is not difficult to make cabinets of increased height and this will have a slight impact on their cost. The only limitation is that you won’t be able to use standard panel doors with non-standard cabinets. It must be remembered that the base should fall about 8 cm relative to the front so as not to rest your feet on it.

Uneven-height work surface

When determining the height of the working surface, you may encounter two problems:

1. Working surface, the height of which the best way Suitable for cutting and washing dishes, it will be inconvenient for manipulating a frying pan on a built-in stove. Especially if the hob is gas. Given the height of the pan and the grate above the burner (a total of 6-10 cm), the home cook will have to raise his elbow too high to stir and turn the contents. If you cook this way often, you may experience pain in your arm and spine. The solution is to lower the level of the countertop in the area where the hob is placed by about 8 cm. Or install a freestanding slab at the appropriate height. Unfortunately, such a solution is only possible if the kitchen is spacious enough.

From an ergonomic point of view, it is correct when a section of the table top with a built-in hob located below the main working area. Such a solution can only be implemented in large kitchen with a long front

1. It will not be possible to choose a perfectly comfortable tabletop height that is suitable for all family members who are interested in cooking if they differ noticeably in height. You will have to make a compromise, as a result of which short people will be a little high, and tall people will be a little short. Installation solves this problem kitchen cabinets on transformable (adjustable using electric motors or pneumatic mechanisms) supports. He pressed a button - and the countertop, and with it the sink and stove, lowered or rose to a level convenient for the “kitchen duty officer.” Fantastically convenient, but still very expensive. However, “advanced” technologies are becoming cheaper. Transformable office desks have already moved from the category of exclusive exotics to standard equipment of the modern workplace. We hope that in a few years, prices for automatically height-adjustable kitchens will drop to an acceptable level.

It is difficult (possible, but, again, expensive) to make the connection of a height-adjustable tabletop to the wall airtight, so kitchen “islands” are often installed on supports with lifting mechanisms. For built-in gas stoves and sinks produce special flexible connections.

A work surface adjustable in height using servo drives is no longer a curiosity; such mechanisms are sold in Russia

The height-transformable table top is also good because it is equally convenient to study baking recipes (you need to raise the table higher), knead the dough (set it in the middle position) and roll it out with a rolling pin (lower it)

Ergonomics of base cabinets

• To store relatively small things, it is more convenient to use drawers rather than shelves - you don’t have to get down on your hands and knees to remove things from the far corners. It makes sense to store large kitchen appliances, like an air fryer, and perhaps heavy stacks of dishes on the shelves. The more often items are used, the higher they should be placed.

It is more convenient to store small items in drawers. Bulk products, placed in transparent containers, will take up less space and be easily accessible

It is also more practical to place pots and pans in drawers

• It is most convenient to store bottles and similar-sized items in a narrow pull-out basket closer to the stove.

Bottles and tall cans are always at hand in a narrow pull-out basket

• It is advisable that the door width hinged wardrobe, especially located under the sink, was at least 40 cm. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to get anything out, and it will be even more difficult to service the sink drain. The width of the cabinet (and door) for the sink with the filter located under it should not be less than 60 cm.

The wider the door in the cabinet under the sink, the easier it is to service the equipment installed in it.

• Fashionable minimalist furniture handles protruding forward look impressive, but on lower cabinets they are not very convenient, especially in the cutting and washing area. An adult will rest his hips against their edges while cooking, and a naughty child may get a bump on his forehead.

The railing handles are unusually beautiful, but they will rest against the housewife’s stomach and thighs while washing dishes. A child who gets too playful may hit his head on the edge of such a handle.

Hidden kitchen handles, which are horizontal slits in the doors, are injury-proof

Modern solutions for upper cabinets

The standard distance at which it was previously recommended to place upper cabinets above the countertop level is 50 cm. However, today, for many, a half-meter clearance seems insufficient and cabinets are hung higher, 60-65 cm from the work surface. Undoubtedly, this is more convenient, especially when there is equipment on the countertop: an electric kettle, food processor etc. However, it should be taken into account that due to the cabinets being hung too high, the access area without a stepladder is reduced.

Hinged doors upper cabinets with standard hinges opening at an angle of 90º or slightly more, there is a potential risk of injury. When you're caught up in the process of cooking, it's easy to miss open door and bump into its corner, getting a bump or, even worse, a black eye. Hinged doors equipped with full opening hinges, allowing the door to be opened to an angle of up to 180º, are safe if used correctly. A fully open door does not stick forward, it is parallel to the front. True, it overlaps adjacent cabinets, so it is impossible to open adjacent doors. However, the need for this arises rarely. Our advice: if the doors in the upper cabinets are designed to open to the side, at a minimum, it is worth equipping the dryer with special hinges - it is used most often.

A special hinge allows you to open the door to an angle of 180º, thanks to which it is located parallel to the cabinets, and does not stick out perpendicular to the furniture front

Another injury-safe way to open doors is up. They can swing open or move. Sliding doors almost do not protrude relative to the plane of the facades; it is impossible to bump into them. Swings should be positioned so that they are above the head of the home cook.

Upper cabinets equipped with hinged doors (1) are potentially hazardous. You can also stuff the cone into the upward-opening hinged door (2), if it is located below the top of the head. Sliding (3), tilting (4) and folding (5) doors that open upward are safe

If the height of the upper cabinets exceeds 60 cm, it is better to make the door opening upwards folding. The disadvantage of a door that opens upward: to close it, you have to reach high for the handle, which is inconvenient for a short person.

Folding upper cabinet doors are the most practical and safest type of opening. If you spare no expense and order a mechanism with an electric drive, the cabinet can be made as high as you like, because we close and open it by simply pressing a button

Upper cabinet height

Upper cabinets are available in three sizes:

• Low cabinet - 60 cm.
• Standard - 72 cm, which is equal to the height of the lower cabinets.
• High - 92 cm.

Many manufacturers offer cabinets of other sizes. When making custom furniture in a home with high ceilings You can make the upper cabinets even higher. However, if heavy dishes will be stored in them, it is more rational to hang two rows of cabinets. It's more reliable this way. The bottom row of cabinets with doors that open upward should be of such a height that a person can easily reach the handle.

Range of common standard cabinet doors. If you have space, it makes sense to use upper cabinets with a height of 92 cm

Happy owners of apartments with high ceilings can hang upper cabinets in two rows

Open shelves vs cabinets

From an ergonomic point of view, the cook should have everything he needs at hand while cooking. List the right tools, utensils and ingredients for preparing a dish can be great. There can be a dozen of spices alone, packaged in small jars. Salt, pepper, a cutting board, all sorts of spatulas, tea and coffee are needed for almost every meal preparation and meal, unless the owners eat frozen fast food heated in the microwave. Several times a day, taking it all out of a closed closet and hiding it back is a dubious pleasure. In our opinion, it is much more convenient to keep frequently used utensils on open shelves. Everything is before your eyes, and even if a thing is not put in its place, it is easy to find.

Open shelves, rails and hooks provide quick and easy access to frequently used items

Adherents of a refined minimalist style in the interior will prefer to wipe the sink dry after each dishwashing and hide it in a closet. detergent, sponge and napkins, not to mention other things. But for most people it will be more comfortable to use open shelves and racks for small items. Two reasons prevent the wider spread of the “open top”. First: the contents of the shelves will have to be kept in order and wiped periodically. However, not often, provided that a good hood is installed in the room. The second reason: the lack of traditions; “Soviet” kitchens were equipped with blind cabinets.

In the kitchen of the famous designer Artemy Lebedev there are no closed cabinets on top, only open shelves

Sink and trash can: a practical upgrade

The size of the sink bowl should allow you to wash the largest dishes in your home

The side “wing” and the second, small bowl are very convenient. If there is enough space for them.

The side wing will serve as an additional cutting surface. Additional bowl - optional, but convenient equipment

If you have a water filtration system, you should make sure that the sink allows you to install a second faucet for purified water, if you do not want to purchase an expensive faucet with a switch. It is inconvenient to wash dishes under a faucet with a low spout big size, and splashes fly out from the tall mixer when washing small dishes. The best, but not cheap, option is a faucet with a pull-out spout.

A pull-out spout on a kitchen faucet will not only make washing dishes more comfortable, but also reduce water consumption

We recommend purchasing a sink with a bottom valve that allows you to close the drain by turning the handle. The valve is more convenient than a plug, and due to the rise in prices for housing and communal services, it is more economical to wash dishes by pre-soaking them. Yes, and faster.

It is customary to keep the trash can under the sink. They opened the bottom cabinet door, took out a bucket, threw out the trash, and closed it. It will be easier if you hang the bucket on the door - there will be less movement.

Inexpensive but convenient trash can mounted on the cabinet door. Open the door and the lid of the bucket rises; close it and it lowers. No smell

The best option for placing a “trash bin” is built-in, under the work surface. A hole is made in the tabletop, and a container for garbage is placed under it. The hole and container are closed flat lid. You can purchase a sink with a built-in trash can, which is even more convenient. The presence of a grinder on the sewer drain will significantly reduce the volume of waste and almost eliminate the “aroma” of waste. Unfortunately, advanced waste collection and removal systems are not cheap.

The most convenient “trash bin” is one built into the countertop. It can be easily removed - upwards.

Convenient and safe placement of equipment

We talked about the arrangement of the main elements of equipment on the floor plan. Some tips for selection and placement kitchen appliances:

• If the kitchen front has an L-shaped configuration, it is more rational to place household appliances located on the countertop (microwave, electric kettle, coffee maker) in the inner corner, which is problematic to use for cooking.
• Very convenient solution- accommodation oven in a high column cabinet at a height of 65-80 cm from the floor. It is much more convenient to observe the cooking process, load and unload baking sheets without bending. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find a place for a “column” in a small room.

Using an oven installed in a high cabinet at a height of 65-80 cm is much more convenient than under the countertop in the standard version

• A traditional fireplace hood does a good job of removing kitchen fumes, but it protrudes dangerously forward. You can get a bump trying to look into the pan. The same disadvantage also affects exhaust devices, built into furniture. But the inclined hood is absolutely safe; it does not stick out above the stove at head level. By the way, minimum height the hood hanger above the electric stove is 65 cm, above the gas stove - 75 cm.

An ergonomic inclined hood removes kitchen fumes no worse than traditional hoods, but hardly protrudes above the stove

• It is easier to control the process of cooking or heating food in a microwave oven when its transparent door is installed slightly (about 20 cm) below eye level. The optimal places for a microwave are in the “column” above the oven or on the bottom shelf of the upper cabinet. And owners of cramped Khrushchev apartments can find a place for a stove on the windowsill.

It is advisable to place the microwave so that, while standing, you can see the cooking process through the glass window.

The right tables and chairs for the dining area

In Soviet times, the dining table had to have a height of 70 cm, this corresponded physical characteristics man of the 60s. And today many enterprises manufacture furniture according to these standards. But for people taller than 160 cm, this height is already too small. Today, dining tables in EU countries generally have a height of 72-76 cm, and in the USA they are already 74-78 cm. On the domestic market you can find furniture of various parameters. It is not uncommon to have tables on supports that are adjustable by several centimeters.

On private kitchen You can find two more types of tables: semi-bar and bar. We have already mentioned the first one; it is made level with the tabletop (85-95 cm) and is used both for eating and as an additional work area. A high bar counter (as in public bars) has a height of 120-125 cm, but at home it can be a little lower.

In terms of width, it is recommended to allocate a space of 60 cm for one person sitting at the table. Accordingly, for two - 120 cm. It makes no sense to do less than 50 cm per person, it is too cramped. The recommended minimum depth of a table with people sitting on both sides is 80 cm.

Chairs must be chosen according to the table. Provided that the thickness of the tabletop together with the stiffener does not exceed 10 cm, the seat of the chair should be lower than the top of the table by approximately 30-35 cm for a standard dining table, 28-33 cm for a half-bar table and 23-27 cm for a bar table. A chair for a high bar counter must have a support bar for the legs.

Dining and bar chairs with adjustable height easy to adjust to a position that is convenient for a specific person and type of table

Looking to a Brighter Future: Lighting and Plugs

There is never too much light. In addition to general lighting of the kitchen, bright illumination of the work area is necessary and good lighting above the dining table.

Moderate general light And bright lighting working area is the key to comfortable work and visual safety for the home cook

Sockets: no matter how many you make, there are still not enough. We recommend counting the number of electrical appliances that you plan to install in the kitchen and adding a couple more sockets. You should also not forget about the TV and telephone system, if they are planned in the kitchen. You shouldn't put the TV on the refrigerator, as is often done: you could break your neck looking at it from your chair. TVs are now flat, it is better to hang them on the wall or place them on a table.

Recommended layout of sockets in the kitchen. Sockets for appliances located on the countertop are above the cooking and cutting areas. It is better to make sockets for built-in appliances in the sink cabinet or in the plinth, so access to them will be ensured

Once again about safety: how to protect children from injury

We have already mentioned safety, an integral part of ergonomics. If there are small children in the house, care should be taken to ensure that the children do not get injured. If possible, sharp corners should be avoided when designing or choosing furniture. Special devices can be used to protect the child from hitting sharp objects.

A soft pad on the corner of the table will protect a naughty child from injury

We should not forget that children are curious and will definitely climb into places where they are not allowed:

The “children’s” pad on the door (on the left) will not allow a child to get into the “secret” cabinet, and the stop-brake (on the right) will prevent a finger from getting caught in the door

Electrical wires should not be left accessible; blocking plugs should be inserted into low-lying sockets.

Special protective screens Cookers that prevent children from reaching hot pots are not sold in every store, but parents should look for this one. useful thing. The magnetic lock on the refrigerator (on the right) is also useful

Many models of modern household appliances are equipped with a power-on lock function, in which children can press buttons and turn knobs - nothing will happen.

We hope our recommendations will be useful to you. Within the framework of the article, many questions about ergonomics and kitchen organization remained unaddressed. We recommend that you seek advice from specialists at the furniture design stage. An experienced furniture or interior designer will be able to suggest a lot of useful things and protect you from mistakes. Good luck.

We would like to tell you a little about the useful numbers necessary for the correct placement of a kitchen table or lunch group. To do this, we studied the recommended dimensions for arranging dining tables and chairs indoors, based on the size of a person’s body and the space they occupy.

1. Table width

It is generally accepted that the table area required for one person when eating should correspond to the dimensions of 60*40 cm. Such an area provides the necessary space for comfortable seating at the table without disturbing neighbors.

In the center of the table it is necessary to provide a space at least 20 cm wide for placing dishes, decanters and other utensils, so the ideal width of a dining table is considered to be 80-85 cm wide. Round and polygonal tables with a diameter of 90-120 cm are perfect for seating 4 or more people .

Usually kitchen tables are made with the same height - 75 cm; the sizes and shapes of the tables can be different. But, despite this, there are basic standards for the comfortable placement of a person sitting at the kitchen table and requirements for the arrangement of furniture in the room, taking into account the width of the passages and other factors.

For a person sitting at a kitchen or work table, a distance of at least 87.5 cm is provided (Fig. 1, 2).

2. Distance to walls or other furniture

There should be a space of more than 75 cm from the edge of the table to the nearest wall or pieces of furniture. If there is a passage behind the back of a sitting person, this space should be more than 80 - 110 cm. (Fig. 3), in various sources a distance of 125 cm is indicated (Fig. 4).

When placing a dining group with a sofa in a kitchen or dining room, you should focus on the following parameters: the width of the dining area, including the width kitchen sofa, must be at least 220 cm, taking into account the table width of 80 cm. This dinner Zone will accommodate up to 5 people (Fig. 5).

However, when placing a dining group consisting of a kitchen table with chairs, a little less space will be required - only 200 cm in width and 190 cm in length (when seating 5 people, Fig. 6).

Standard sizes:

We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the useful, visual pictures (Fig. 7A), which show minimum dimensions occupied area kitchen tables V various options(pull-out table, desk, bar counter) and necessary minimum distance for the passage of people.

In Figure 7 you can see all types of tables and their recommended sizes, depending on the shape.

When choosing a place to install a dining table, you should consider lighting recommendations. Figure 8 will help us with this.

It clearly shows that in the dining room the ceiling lamp should illuminate the table and all the objects that stand on it, but not the faces of the people around. If you use it for lighting table lamp, it is recommended to install it at eye height so that under the lampshade you can look at your interlocutor, but the lamp does not shine into your eyes.

We hope that this article will help you understand the features of placing different types of dining groups