What can be planted in black soil. Is it possible to plant indoor flowers in black soil? How to make the land more suitable

To answer the question Rotted compost is similar to ordinary soil. Is it possible to use it not as fertilizer, but to plant plants directly in it? given by the author Opportunist the best answer is: You can plant it directly in rotted compost, I always do this (18 years of dacha experience). But it’s still better to sift it to get rid of unrotted roots, weeds, and stones. I sow through a regular bed net and add this soil everywhere.

Answer from 22 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: Rotted compost is similar to ordinary soil. Is it possible to use it not as fertilizer, but to plant plants directly in it?

Answer from European[guru]
No! need to be mixed with soil!

Answer from Secret[guru]
dangerous
the roots will "burn"

Answer from Wolf rabinovich[guru]
Can. will not burn, but keep in mind that it contains too many nitrates, high acidity and few mineral salts. If this is not important, then plant it boldly. but you don’t write what you will plant. For example, I very successfully germinated citrus seeds and then replanted them. And, of course, it must be completely burnt out so that there is no smell of shit

Answer from rapid-fire[guru]
no usually mix 1 part compost 1 part sand 2 parts soil

Answer from Tatyana Savchenko SIBERIA[guru]
It's possible, but not necessary. Most plants will “grow fat” - produce powerful stems, magnificent leaves, and delight with their growth, but the fruits are like figs in vegetable oil. The exception to this rule is zucchini and cucumbers - yes!.., especially zucchini. But do you need it? Once, out of stupidity, I planted them like this, collected God knows how many from two plants, lost count at 40, then couldn’t stand it, and pulled one out. Since then I have been using compost more rationally.

Answer from Valentina Avilova[active]
Rotted compost is an organic fertilizer. For successful growth it is necessary to add mineral fertilizers. If it is well rotted and similar to the soil, it will not harm the roots. Remember that there are plants and (especially flowers) that cannot tolerate either organic matter or large amounts of humus.

Answer from Nina Ablalimova[guru]
I would advise you to listen to the advice of Tatyana Moiseeva and Victoria Tchaikovskaya.

Answer from Marina Crow[guru]
Of course it is possible. But you can get huge tomato bushes without ovaries. Huge potato bushes with small, gnarled or empty tubers inside. An onion that is cracked at the bottom and will begin to rot after a few weeks of storage. Carrots will be clumsy and tasteless, the same with radishes, beets and other root vegetables. That is, excess nutrients It doesn't do any good either. I, like Tatyana and Victoria, add this compost when planting vegetables and flowers. In general, they say that manure, as a fertilizer, should be applied to the soil once every 3 years. It is better to sprinkle manure and compost with soil. I read somewhere that when sunlight Something in them decomposes, and there are fewer useful substances.

Answer from Lisa17q[guru]
Of course it’s possible it’s already burned out if it looks like earth

Answer from Tatyana Moiseeva (Ivanova)[guru]
No, you shouldn't do this. I don’t do much (I add 1 bucket per 1 square meter when digging the beds shallowly) After the cucumbers, beets and onions (all vegetables and don’t forget the flowers) sprout, I fertilize with 0.5 buckets of this manure, add water, and water it with the best compote. Give it a try.

Answer from Victoria Tchaikovskaya[guru]
Elena, just like in humans, plants also experience an overabundance. That is, it will grow, but not as much as we would like, and the yield is not high. Then the compost itself does not allow moisture to pass through so well; because of this, the plant will suffer from a lack of moisture. The compost itself does not contain iron or magnesium. , phosphorus and other components that are important for plants.
In this case, you will sift it and use it in an amendment and to improve your soil. That is, you interfere with planting; 1: 2- for vegetables, flowers (1 part humus and 2 parts turf/own soil)
1:1:2 - for shrubs, trees, vines (1 part humus, 1 part sand (white) / screenings, 2 turf).
You can add superphosphate per 20gm bucket of soil mixture.
then you will not have problems with what they lack and will give you the opportunity to develop well and please you. When planting, try to dig more holes so that the root system develops well. So if the roots develop well, then your seedlings will delight you.
and don’t be alarmed by what they wrote to you about nitrates in compost. It doesn't have it.

From school course Many people remember well that black soil, for which Russia was once famous, has the highest fertility index. However, when trying to give an accurate and detailed definition of the concept, difficulties may arise.

At the same time, summer residents simply need to have an idea of ​​what chernozem is and what is its main difference from other types of soil and types of soil.

Chernozems are formed under certain soil and climatic conditions and are a living ecosystem. But today there are many companies specializing in the supply of soil to any region of Russia, which expands the opportunities for summer residents and owners of private houses to improve the soil on their land.

Characteristics and properties of chernozem

Chernozem is a special type of soil formed on loess-like loams or loess under the influence of a temperate continental climate with periodic changes of positive and negative temperatures and moisture levels involving living microorganisms and invertebrates. As can be seen from the definition, chernozem cannot be produced under artificial conditions or obtained by adding various types fertilizers

The main characteristic of soil is the percentage of humus. Chernozem is distinguished by a record high content of humus (organic substances formed in the process of complex biochemical reactions and representing the most accessible form for plant nutrition). In the chernozems of our ancestors, its level was 15% or more, but today it is considered to be a maximum of 14%. The fact is that humus does not have time to be restored during intensive farming and the soils are depleted.

You should not assume that black soil is just fertile soil. In fact, its concept is much broader. It cannot be compared with organic fertilizers such as manure or humus, since the concentration of nutrients in them is so high that their excessive application can adversely affect plant growth. In chernozem, all substances are balanced and are in an easily accessible form.

Next distinguishing feature black soil - high content calcium, the need for which is cultivated plants highest in all stages of growth.

Chernozem is characterized by a neutral or close to neutral reaction of the soil solution, which makes it universal for growing crops.

Chernozem has a granular-lumpy structure that is resistant to leaching, crust formation, weathering and compaction. Thanks to this structure, optimal water-air exchange with the atmosphere is ensured and favorable conditions for root growth. However, according to experts, chernozem is not loose enough and requires the addition of sand or peat.

Subtypes of chernozem

In different natural and climatic zones (Central Black Earth Region, Volga region, North Caucasus and Western Siberia) chernozem is formed with some peculiarities. In total, 5 subtypes are distinguished: podzolized (deciduous forests), leached (forest-steppe zone), typical (meadows and forest-steppes), ordinary (steppes) and southern (steppes). southern regions). Southern chernozem has the highest humus index.

How to recognize black soil?

Chernozem differs significantly from humus and manure. Manure is a waste product of livestock and poultry farming and consists of partially digested plant fibers with a high content of organic matter. Manure that has been rotted for several years under the influence of microorganisms and invertebrates (worms and insects) turns into humus, containing nutrients in a form more accessible to plants. Both manure and humus contain very large amounts of nitrogen and its compounds.

Peat is very close in origin to chernozem, which is also formed as a result of many years of decomposition of plant residues, but under different climatic conditions.

You can give some tips on how to distinguish black soil from other soils:

• has a rich black color;
• due to the high humus content, it leaves a greasy mark on the palm after squeezing;
• when wet, the consistency resembles clay and does not dry out for a long time, retaining moisture (unlike peat);
• has a coarse-grained structure.

It is quite difficult to purchase real black soil with a quality certificate in the Moscow region, since its extraction is limited and there is a high probability of buying just dark soil. At best, you will be lucky to get a mixture of black soil with lowland peat, which correct proportion It might even be a plus.

Use of black soil at a summer cottage

The desire of summer residents to increase soil fertility on their site in order to obtain high yields fruits High Quality explains their willingness to use everything available funds. To achieve a high effect and maintain it for several years, you need to know how to use black soil in the garden without damaging the already established ecosystem.

The main misconception of gardeners is that by completely replacing the soil with black soil, you can permanently solve the problem of plant nutrition without subsequent application of fertilizers and the use of humus or compost. Nutrients in chernozem are actively used by plants to form crops and seeds, so without their replenishment, the humus content drops sharply and the soil is depleted.

A serious mistake would be the excessive application of black soil for vegetable and flower crops, since their thin root system is not able to maintain the necessary porosity, which will eventually lead to compaction of the soil. It is recommended to add chernozem to mixtures with garden soil and peat. Its application in greenhouses, greenhouses and flower beds for perennial plants gives good results. ornamental plants. For these purposes, it is very convenient to use black soil in bags.

Areas where chernozem was introduced should only be dug up with a pitchfork to prevent soil compaction. Earthworms are a good biological indicator of soil condition.

Before application, it is advisable to check the acidity level of chernozem using indicator strips. If the reaction is slightly acidic, you will need to add lime, dolomite flour or wood ash, and with weak alkaline - acidic mineral fertilizers.

How much does black soil cost?

In organizations specializing in the sale of fertile soil, you can buy black soil with delivery to any locality Moscow region.

At the same time, the average price of 1 m3 of chernozem with delivery is 1,300 rubles. when ordering a machine for 20 m3. When ordering a dump truck for 10 m3, the price increases to approximately 1,650 rubles. To calculate how much a chernozem machine costs, let’s take a volume of 10 m3 as the initial data. The result is a completely acceptable amount of 16,500 rubles. The larger the volume, the lower the price per 1 m3.

However for summer cottages there may not be a need for such volumes. In such cases, you can purchase packaged black soil in 40 or 50 liter bags. The cost of one bag ranges from 180 to 300 rubles. When purchasing more than 50 bags, bulk discounts begin to apply from most suppliers.

When planning delivery and unloading works you need to take into account the weight of the black soil. Depending on the structure and composition, 1 m3 of chernozem weighs from 1 to 1.3 tons.

When organizing a subsidiary farm on a new uncultivated plot, its owner inevitably faces the problem of soil enrichment. Unfortunately, not everywhere in Russia the soil is suitable for successful cultivation traditional agricultural crops.

Therefore, sometimes it is necessary to add soil richer in nutrients and microelements, for example, chernozem or humus, to future beds. And often in such cases, gardeners in Krasnoyarsk and other Russian cities have a natural question about what is better: black soil or humus, what to give preference to and what will ensure a richer harvest? There are many different opinions on this matter, which we will try to understand.

Humus and black soil - what is it?

First, let's find out what humus is, because without understanding their basic properties it will be impossible to understand the specifics of their use for agricultural purposes.

Chernozem is a special type of soil, distributed mainly in the central part of Russia. Its main feature is large amount of humus and, as a result, high fertility.

Humus is a type organic fertilizers. This is a mass of manure or special plants called green manure that has been rotted over several years. From this point of view It is customary to divide humus into manure and grass. They differ from each other in nutrient content, but in line with comparison, humus is better or black soil, this difference is insignificant.

Thus, the main difference between humus and chernozem is that the former is not soil and cannot pure form used to create beds. No matter how high-quality the humus is, it will still have to be mixed with the soil in certain proportions. Chernozem is already formed soil that can be distributed over the site without any pre-treatment.

Pros and cons of humus

So, we have already identified the main disadvantage of humus - the need for additional preparation of the soil for use for agricultural purposes. Usually, humus is buried in the ground before winter, thoroughly mixed with the main soil. As a result, the resulting mixture gradually reaches the desired state and in the spring it provides a very fertile environment for growing plants.

Another very significant drawback which is characteristic of humus is its infestation with weeds. With the arrival of spring, they begin to appear in large numbers on the surface of the beds, and the fight against them turns into a real challenge for gardeners. This problem can be partially solved through the use of special mulching films. They allow water and air to pass through, but retain light, without which the development of any plants is impossible.

Disadvantages of black soil

When considering the question of what is better, black soil or humus, you need to understand that in itself real high-quality black soil is simply an ideal means for organizing fertile beds. No other soil, even artificially formed in special laboratories, can compare with chernozem in its characteristics.

But all this applies specifically to real black soil, which is not so easy to get in Krasnoyarsk today. Firstly, high-quality soil is very expensive. A cubic meter of good black soil, depending on the region and delivery conditions, can cost from 1.3 to 1.7 thousand rubles. It is quite natural that even for small area cubic meter- this is a drop in the ocean and the minimum quantities, as a rule, are 15-20 cubic meters. Although it’s not a shame to pay that kind of money for a full-fledged product, because the costs will be more than recouped due to the high yield.

However, many suppliers today, instead of black soil, offer a surrogate, which, in its basic properties and characteristics, is as far from real black soil as humus is from scented soap. For example, one of the most common types of deception comes down to the fact that the buyer is sold old land from greenhouses. Naturally, its fertile potential is greatly depleted, and such soil is often contaminated with fungi and other diseases.

Often sold under the guise of black soil upper layer construction sites. Such soil contains a large amount of different construction waste, including clay and broken glass, and in addition, there are unwanted chemical elements, the presence of which negatively affects the health of plants and their fruiting.

Thus, let us summarize the information provided regarding whether humus or chernozem is best used for personal plots. The advantage of humus is its high content of organic substances necessary for the normal growth and development of agricultural crops. Another plus is that residents rural areas They can easily prepare the humus themselves, saving a lot of money. The main disadvantage is the presence of humus large quantity weeds, as well as beetle larvae and other pests. Chernozem is good because it is ready-to-use soil and does not require additional processing. However, when purchasing black soil, you need to be vigilant, since there is a very high probability of purchasing low-quality soil.

Poor soil in an area allocated for gardening activities is a common problem. Land for dacha communities is often allocated according to the saying “Take, you poor thing, what is of no use to us.” And not every summer resident has the zeal and strength for long-term systematic reclamation. Therefore, many people ask the question: isn’t it easier to buy black soil and replace the soil on the site? The material below explains in what cases such a decision is justified and how to reduce costs.

Characteristics of chernozem and its advantages

Externally, chernozem looks like loose, lumpy soil of a thick black color. In Russia, chernozem regions are located in the Volga region, the Southern Urals, the Northern Caucasus and Western Siberia. Here this type of soil was formed over many millennia.

The main characteristics of chernozem soils are as follows:

• High humus content. It is this that gives the chernozem its rich black color. The percentage of humus varies depending on the type of chernozem. On average, this is 9-14%. For comparison: the arable layers of soddy-meadow soils in Central Russia contain 2.9-5.1% humus.
• High calcium content. Its percentage in the soil absorption layer reaches 70-90%.

ALL the benefits of using chernozem (click to expand)

• High moisture capacity, water and breathability. Chernozem perfectly allows water and air to pass through, but the moisture is retained for a long time in the many capillaries of the soil and prevents it from caking in the sun.
• Neutral reaction of the soil solution. The acidity of chernozem is optimal for the growth of most cultivated plants - 6.5-7.5.

In soil science there is a concept - bonitet. It denotes an indicator of the productivity and fertility of a particular type of soil and is assessed in points. The maximum rating on the quality scale is 100 points, and it belongs to rich chernozem. This soil is rightfully considered the standard of fertility.

Types of chernozem and their grading

But chernozem can also be different, dividing in turn into many types. Their fertility potential depends not only on the amount of humus in the arable layer, but also on the thickness of the humus horizon, the pH of the soil solution, and the percentage of physical clay:

There can be many options for chernozems. The table shows that their quality rating is very different - from 99 to 54 points. The highest fertility potential has rich, powerful chernozem with a clay content of about 50%. The closer its pH is to neutral (7.0), the better.

In what cases does it make sense to buy black soil?

All of the above does not mean that obtaining decent yields is possible only with chernozem soils. In terms of humus reserves and available nitrogen content, some other types of soils are not much inferior to chernozems:

These data should make you wonder whether it makes sense to import expensive black soil to the site. In regions remote from the black earth regions of Russia, simpler solutions can often be used.

Purchasing chernozem may be justified in the following cases:

• really “killed” own soil on the site, requiring complex reclamation;
• territorial proximity of the site to chernozem regions.

In other situations, importing chernozem may not be economically viable. In addition, when planning to purchase soil, you need to take into account that along with it insect larvae that have not previously inhabited the site and alien pathogenic flora will enter the site. You need to prepare for these unpleasant surprises.

Where to buy black soil and how not to make a mistake?

There is one more reason to think before purchasing black soil for your plot. Its official production and sale in Russia is prohibited by law. You can only buy it from private individuals or in fly-by-night companies, which will not give any guarantee that they are selling black soil. Therefore, there is a big risk of purchasing, at best, a soil mixture based on lowland peat at an inflated price. At worst, soil from an abandoned field or greenhouse, which has been intensively flavored with pesticides for many years.

WHERE to buy black soil and cost (click to expand)

Real black soil can be purchased in the Voronezh, Tula, Lipetsk, and Ryazan regions. It costs an average of 4,500 rubles per 10 tons. Delivery from Voronezh, for example, to Moscow, will cost about 15,000 rubles.

The total cost of real chernozem purchased for a plot in the Moscow region is approximately 1950 rubles per ton. If someone offers cheaper, that person high probability- scammer.

Important! Since chernozem cannot be purchased officially, no one will provide any documents that would confirm the safety of the soil. Therefore, there is no guarantee that even Tula or Voronezh black soil is not cut from an abandoned collective farm field and is not poisoned by pesticides.

Rational use of chernozem on the site

If, after weighing all the pros and cons, the owner of the plot still decides to bring black soil to it, it makes sense to think about how to distribute it more economically. Complete filling of a garden or vegetable garden with this expensive soil irrational, but there are ways to reduce consumption:

• Construction of stationary beds. The old “grandfather’s” method of completely digging up the garden is gradually becoming a thing of the past. Growing plants in permanent beds and flower beds is more progressive. Such beds can be low or high, have different shapes. The formwork is made of boards, plastic, brick, polycarbonate, and a layer of black soil of at least 30 cm is poured inside.
• Use in planting pits. When planting a garden planting pits They are made larger than the seedling needs and covered with black soil. The width of the hole should correspond to the diameter of the crown of an adult plant. In this case, there will be enough fertile substrate for normal development and fruiting for many years.

It is also advisable to use chernozem in a greenhouse. It is better to sprinkle cheaper soil under lawns.

Ways to preserve the fertility of black soil

Importing black soil is not a guarantee of eternal fertility. In a few years, even this fertile soil will be depleted and lose its valuable properties. Cut from the mother rock and exported to other climatic conditions, chernozem quickly dies.

This valuable soil can only be helped to maintain its fertility using methods natural farming. Traditional agricultural technology with deep digging and application mineral fertilizers will only accelerate the process of degradation of black soil. Therefore, after pouring it onto the site, you need to do the following:

• Put the shovel away. The bulk soil had already partially lost its structure. If you continue to dig it twice a year, the soil aggregates will not be restored, but will be completely destroyed. As a result, in a few years, instead of chernozem, structureless heavy loam will remain on the site.
• Buy Fokina flat cutter. This tool should become the only one when processing imported black soil. It will allow you to process the soil at a shallow depth - 7-10 cm. This will allow you to perform basic operations without disturbing the soil structure.
• Constantly sow green manure. Herbs such as alfalfa, vetch, phacelia, and sweet clover will restore the soil structure in 2-3 years without deep digging. In the future, all that remains is to support it using the same method.
• Install a drip irrigation system. All other methods of irrigation (hoses, watering cans) are excluded because they erode the top layer of soil.
• Be sure to mulch the soil. The beds should never be left bare. Even in winter, the soil should either be covered with a layer of organic mulch or be covered with green manure ⊕.
• Use EM drugs. Soil conservation is impossible without microorganisms, so maintaining their population is extremely important.

All these methods, especially green manure and mulching, will attract earthworms– the main “farmers”. From time to time it is useful to add compost or humus to the soil so that the worms and soil microorganisms always have food. Find out → , → .

Available chernozem substitutes on site

Bad soil can be turned into fertile soil and without black soil. To do this you will need:

• 10 parts regular light loam;
• 3 parts lowland peat;
• 1 part humus or compost.

All components must be mixed and checked for acidity. This can be done using litmus paper, which is sold in garden centers. A tablespoon of the resulting soil should be placed in a gauze bag and immersed in distilled water for 15 minutes. Then place an indicator strip into the solution and compare its color with the scale. Soil acidity should be within 7.0.

Tip #1. If the chernozem substitute turns out to be sour (pH less than 7.0), added to the soil mixture dolomite flour(see →). After this, the soil can be used for backfilling permanent beds or into planting holes.

Many gardeners are faced with the problem of poor soil: for some in their dacha it is too oxidized, for others it is too heavy or, conversely, not fertile at all. You have to either try your best to improve the quality of the land, or abandon the idea vegetable beds and leave only lawns with trees on the site. I will help you decide whether it is worth buying black soil for your dacha. My own experience allows me to become your advisor in this matter.

My neighbors and I were especially “lucky”: having settled on the shore of an artificial reservoir, we received “plots” of sandy loam soil, more like sand than garden soil. The soil contained too few useful substances and could not retain moisture: half an hour after the heaviest rain, the paths were completely dry.

What can we say about vegetable crops oh, if some of them survived, they gave a meager harvest. Or they demanded too much attention to themselves - just have time to appease the earth! Some plants (including berry bushes) simply withered from lack of necessary substances in the ground.

However, sandy loam soil had its positive sides. Therefore, in order to decide whether to buy black soil for a plot or not, I propose to consider the pros and cons of soil and sandy loam soil too.

Features of sandy loam soil:

- Lightness. Such soil is easy to dig up, so caring for a vegetable garden can be done by a fragile girl or an elderly person: no tears or headaches from just the thought of a shovel.

- Poverty of the land. In fact, this point combines both negative and positive! After all, in addition to vegetable crops, weeds also grow on the site. Sandy loam soil also inhibits them, so pest plants do not grow in the beds and do not reach the same size as in fertile soil. And because of the lightness of the soil, it is much easier to pull out weeds; their roots do not “stick” to the ground very much, and therefore do not break off.

- Loss of moisture. Sand absorbs water like a sponge. But it doesn’t hold it, but lets it down, which has a very bad effect on the plants. It turns out that crops systematically do not receive the moisture they need: the water leaves without having time to moisten root system. To somehow fix this problem, experienced summer residents It is recommended to slowly dig peat into sandy loam beds or lay a layer of clay at the bottom of the beds, which will retain moisture. But this is a very labor-intensive process, “thanks to” which you can break your back at the dacha. Not to mention the fact that peat and clay also need to be “obtained” somewhere and money must be paid for it.

Features of imported black soil:

- Weeds. New land will certainly bring new weeds and new diseases to the site - you need to be prepared for this. For example, here, the black soil brought in in the fall “appeared” in early spring, when hemp bushes have sprouted in the beds :) No one is immune from this, so you need to carefully monitor the new soil for at least the first year.

- Heavy ground. After the usual sandy loam soil, processing new beds with black soil may seem more difficult work: plants grow stronger in such soil, and it is difficult to pull out weeds.

— Better storage moisture. You also need to get used to the fact that water does not immediately go into the ground after watering. This means adapting to watering new beds less often, otherwise nightshade crops (tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, potatoes) may rot or develop a fungus from excess moisture.

- Expensive. Of course, the cost of black soil for summer cottage varies in different regions, but this is not a cheap purchase in any case. Therefore, if you are not seriously thinking about growing vegetables, it is better to refuse imported land, so as not to suffer about the “missing” money later.

— Depletion of the earth in the future. Over the years even the best black soil will still mix with the “native” soil of your site. And if you, like us, have sandy loam soil, then the useful substances of the black soil will go through it along with the water. But before the land is completely depleted, you will have 20-25 years, during which it will be possible to grow vegetables more successfully (compared to sand).

So, after weighing all these pros and cons, we decided to buy black soil for our dacha. The truck with the earth barely fit into the narrow country street (keep this point in mind!), dumped a mountain of earth and drove away. And we had to transport the black soil to the designated beds and level the ground, which took almost the whole day. A whole truck will not be enough for the entire plot, so I advise you to think in advance which of the beds you will “improve” with new soil, and be sure to acquire a garden wheelbarrow for transporting soil. It’s better not to take on this task without a shovel and a wheelbarrow!

1. The change of soil had almost no effect on tomatoes and carrots: to obtain good harvest These crops need to be planted at the appropriate time and systematically cared for.

But zucchini, cucumbers and squash responded very well to black soil! In the photo you see a bed divided in half: on the left (on black soil) the zucchini have grown strong and strong, and on the right (on sandy loam soil) their bushes look rather weak.


2. For the pumpkin new land became simply a panacea. Previously, our pumpkins grew poorly: the bushes turned out to be small, and the ovaries did not develop and disappeared:


Now, on the black soil, the strong pumpkin vines have grown 2 meters, and the ovaries quickly began to increase in size. Moreover, the pumpkin fruits continued to grow even when we were not at the dacha: they survived 10 days without watering or rain!


3. Peppers also appreciated the black soil. Previously, on the sand they gave a very meager harvest: out of 10 bushes it was possible to get only 2-3 peppers per season. The bushes looked frail, although they were watered regularly - twice a day.

By the way, find out.
On the black soil, the peppers began to grow quickly: the bushes turned out to be strong, and several ovaries formed on each. So in the case of peppers, chernozem is several times more effective.


4. Beetroot also liked chernozem more. Despite the fact that this crop requires a lot of attention (loosening, organic and boron fertilizers), the beet bed on the black soil turned out to be very successful.


5. I was especially pleased with the legume crops on the black soil. We finally managed to grow sweet green peas, climbing beans and even Chinese asparagus