home · Installation · Do it at the dacha in early spring. What spring work in the garden awaits summer residents? Things to do in April

Do it at the dacha in early spring. What spring work in the garden awaits summer residents? Things to do in April

The health of the plants, the type of garden and the future harvest depend on how timely and correctly the spring work is completed. What needs to be done on your summer cottage Firstly?

First cleaning

First you need to remove all winter shelters from the beds and clean up the garden. With the arrival of warmer weather (when the soil dries out a little), remove dry leaves, windbreaks, remains of supports and shelters, as well as other garden debris. As you harvest, remove only emerging young weeds before they become stronger, have time to bloom, and are easily pulled out with their roots. wet soil. Wash the frames and glass of the greenhouse, clean the gutters, clean garden paths from moss, you can even paint it garden furniture, if you didn’t do this in the fall - here, in addition to regular paint, for example, PF-115 enamel may be suitable - it adheres well to the surface and will protect the walls.

Plant nutrition

The very beginning of spring is the best time to prepare your garden for spring growth. Garden plants Additional feeding is constantly needed, even if they grow in rich soils. Fertilizers ensure strong and healthy growth for them.

Most fertilizers are a mixture of the most important nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen compounds promote the growth of green mass of plants, phosphorus is responsible for strong growth of the root system and shoot formation, potassium is important for the formation of flowers and fruits. During this period, it is most effective to use complex fertilizers, which include all these three elements, for example “Azofoska”, “Nitroammofoska”.

Such fertilizers are produced, as a rule, in the form of granules, which are best scattered over melting snow in compliance with the application rate indicated on the packaging. This ensures uniform dissolution of the granules and gradual penetration of nutrients to the plant roots.

Pruning shrubs and trees

At low temperatures above zero, before the start of the spring growing season, trees and shrubs, including fruit and evergreens, can be planted and replanted. It is also necessary to prune stone fruit trees and some fruiting berry bushes.

Spring pruning of fruit trees is necessary to form a cup-shaped crown with an open center. This shape of the fruit crown provides better access to light and air, which means a more abundant and healthy harvest. Requires pruning shears or garden saw eliminate dry branches, as well as thin out the central part of the tree so that future branches do not block each other’s access to the sun and fresh air.

Lawn care

At a temperature of +5, the grass on the lawn begins to grow. Spring is the time to remove leaves and debris from the lawn, adjust borders and spring treatment lawn Begin treatment with harsh mechanical cleaning and removal of debris (old coarse grass stems, leaves, moss). Use a metal fan rake for this work. Then aerate (ventilate) the soil on the lawn - pierce the top layer of soil to a depth of 10-15 cm. Aeration provides access to air, water and fertilizers to the roots of the grass.

Improving the topsoil is achieved by evenly distributing sand over the surface of the lawn. This procedure improves the structure of heavy soils, helps nourish grass roots, and also corrects minor unevenness on the surface of the lawn. Use a mixture of sand and light garden earth or leaf humus (2:1), carefully leveling the composition over the surface and correcting unevenness using back side rake.

Dividing perennial flowers

Early spring is the best time to divide herbaceous perennials(for example, asters) until they begin to actively grow. Some of them will require some effort, cutting through the rather tough rhizomes. To do this, use a sharpened bayonet shovel. To remove large specimens from the ground, place a board under the roots, which you use as a lever by stepping on it.

The division sites are usually clearly visible - these are empty spaces between compactly located buds or young shoots on the rhizomes. First divide large bushes into four parts crosswise, and then manually you can divide them into even smaller parts. Dividing grasses such as feather grass or sedge is less labor intensive. To obtain seedlings, just use a sharp knife.

Soil preparation

For germination of seeds of cold-resistant crops (carrots, cauliflower, broccoli, lettuce, beets) requires a soil temperature of +8˚С, and for heat-loving crops (cucumbers, pumpkin) - +12˚С.

If spring is delayed, you can speed up the start of the season by warming up the soil. To do this, cover the prepared area of ​​soil a few weeks before the planned sowing. garden material or black plastic, which will retain heat in the ground and prevent excess moisture from passing through. Crops grown by seedlings will also develop better in warm soil.

Preparing seedlings

To allow young plants to acclimatize, take the seedlings out into the garden on warm, windless days. If frosts are not expected at night, after a while it will be possible to leave the seedlings in the garden overnight, first wrapping them in plastic, and then without shelter. If you are growing your seedlings in a greenhouse, increase ventilation to harden off the plants. Start hardening the seedlings 1-2 weeks before planting in the ground.

Before planting in the ground, thoroughly water both the seedlings and the prepared area in the garden in advance. Start transplanting on a cloudy day or early evening. When replanting, you can slightly shorten the roots of the plant. Plant the prepared seedlings so that the soil covers the plant stem up to the first true leaves, water generously several times and compact the soil around the plants so that they cannot be pulled out of the ground without damaging the leaves.

Plants with bare roots (from a common box) are more vulnerable than plants from separate containers, and plants in peat pots will naturally tolerate transplantation into the ground most easily.

With the arrival of spring, a hot period begins for gardeners and gardeners in their summer cottages and other areas; they need to have time to complete all the work and prepare the soil for a good harvest of fruits and vegetables. The owners’ hands are itching, because they are quite fed up with the cold, and they want to quickly go out into the garden and beds, determine the scope of work for themselves and begin to carry it out. The harvest will depend on properly carried out spring work in the garden and vegetable garden (let’s not forget about that either). Therefore, spring is a responsible time for gardeners and vegetable growers.


What kind of work needs to be done in the garden in the spring? Everything needs to be done better according to what was prepared in advance, taking into account personal experience, plan. All work in the garden and vegetable garden is carried out slowly, in compliance with agrotechnical techniques and in accordance with climatic conditions. This is the only way to be sure that the work will give a positive result. As soon as the sun warms up, the first thing you need to do is deal with the fruit trees.

Liberation from the snow cap

At the beginning of March, the gardener's first priority is to free the branches of fruit trees from the ice crust that appears when the snow melts. All work should be carried out with a garden fork so as not to harm the young branches.

Experienced gardeners, after heavy snowfall, “powder” trees with peat or wood ash. In tree trunk circles you need to do the same, since Sun rays The dark snow will heat up faster and it will begin to melt.

Is the "Snow Accumulation" technique so good?

Due to unstable spring weather and low night temperatures, many gardeners want to restrain the blossoming and flowering of trees so that frosts do not affect the future harvest. They practice the "Snow Accumulation" technique. After heavy snowfall, gardeners pour snow under the trees and cover them with sawdust. They believe that accumulated snow will melt more slowly, delaying the awakening of plants. The growing season shifts slightly and flowering does not fall under spring frosts. Nose scientific point It is impossible to do this, because each plant has its own development cycle and interference with nature can destroy the trees.

Spring whitewash

After the snow melts, it is necessary to whitewash the trunks of trees and shrubs with lime mortar. This procedure is not carried out for beauty, but to protect plants from pests and scorching sun rays. To prepare 10 liters of solution you need to take half a kilo copper sulfate, diluted in small quantities hot water, 2.5 kg of chalk or lime and casein glue - 100 g, and adding more water. Mix all components and apply to the trunks in 2 layers.

Trimming


Maintenance pruning is carried out on mature plants. Its purpose is to ensure growth, increase fruit production and maintain the crown.

Formative is pruning the crown of young plants in order to give it a beautiful and compact appearance, stimulate the formation of fruits and facilitate harvesting. Held until the beginning of May.

Regulatory pruning is carried out together with supporting pruning. It can control the load on the branches during heavy fruiting.

Anti-aging pruning is carried out on old trees. In this way, fruiting can be stimulated.

Restorative pruning is carried out on heavily branched trees, on those that have frozen over the winter or have been damaged by rodents and pests.


Graft

It happens that taste qualities the owner is not satisfied with the fruits. There is a way out: you can graft trees with new varieties. It is not necessary to buy a new plant.

Scion preparation

To graft a new variety, cuttings must be taken from young trees: stone fruit crops must be no older than 5 years, and pome crops must be no older than 7 years. The best time The best time to harvest cuttings (scion) is the beginning of winter, since annual growths need to mature and harden. For cuttings, take annual shoots. They carefully inspect and cut them into pieces of 40-60 cm and hide them in the snow. You can also prepare cuttings in early spring, but provided that the winter was not harsh and frosty.

What time should you spend

April is the best time for grafting, as active sap flow begins in the rootstock. In order for the scion and rootstock to take root well, it is necessary to prevent the scion from entering an active state, so it must be stored in the refrigerator or under the snow until the very last moment. The scion must not be allowed to dry out. During storage, it should be in a bag or wrapped in damp material.

First of all, you need to graft cherries, cherries and plums (stone crops), and then pear and apple trees (pome crops), since the latter begin to flow sap later.

Common methods:

  • Into the cleft
  • For the bark.
  • In the side cut.

First you need to trim the skeletal shoots, leaving a trunk length of 40 cm and graft with prepared varieties. The place where the scion and rootstock combine is wrapped with film, and the cutting is lubricated with varnish. This procedure will reduce evaporation by half and prevent the shoot from drying out. After 3 weeks, the film must be removed.

Re-vaccination

You cannot re-graft a plant in 1 year; the whole process must be extended over 3 years. During re-grafting it is circumcised most of branches, therefore 3 years is the optimal period for establishing correspondence between the roots of the tree and its above-ground part. Re-vaccination should be done from top to bottom. At 1 year of age they vaccinate top part, in the second - the middle one, and in the third - the lower one. For stone fruit trees, the “split” grafting method is an ineffective method. The survival rate of cuttings in stone fruit crops is 60%, in pome crops – 90%.

Feeding


Caring for trees and shrubs in spring time involves the application of fertilizers. You can feed it with organic matter or apply mineral fertilizers.

From organic fertilizers Chicken manure has proven itself well. It must be applied to the soil at tree trunk circle. Apple, plum, pear, quince, cherry, and peach trees are fed with chicken droppings. Organic matter is necessary for the growth and fruiting of apricots and cherries.

For your information!

Fresh chicken manure, not diluted with water, can destroy the roots, so it must be infused in water before use.

Preparation of fertilizer

  • For 10 liters of water you will need 1 kg of dry litter.
  • The organic matter is placed in a bucket and 3 liters of water are added.
  • The diluted litter should ferment within 1-2 days.
  • Then you need to fill the bucket with water to the top, mix and feed the plants.

If there are no chickens on the farm and there is nowhere to get fresh droppings, you can buy it in dry form. It should be remembered that improper storage of droppings leads to the fact that it turns into ammonia, as evidenced by the acrid and pungent odor.

Trees can be fed with compost or manure. We apply only rotted manure, which, unlike chicken manure, is not diluted in water, but is immediately applied to the soil. Not only coniferous trees should be fed with manure: cypress, spruce, yew, pine, thuja, but also apple and pear trees.

Protection of plantings from frost


During the flowering period of trees and shrubs and during the setting of berries and fruits, low night temperatures cause great damage. It is very difficult to preserve the harvest, but protecting the garden from frost is the main task of the gardener.

Fruit and berry plants shed their buds at a temperature of -4 degrees. An air temperature of -1 degrees damages young, tender ovaries, and a temperature of -2 degrees is destructive for blossoming flowers.

If the garden is located on the shore of a large body of water, a drop in temperature will not harm it. But he, located in open areas, in low places, needs protection.

When planting a garden, you need to take into account that dry and loose soil cools faster than moist soil. Therefore, it is important to choose in advance a place for the future “residence” of trees and shrubs.

The technique of “fumigation (in other words: smoking) of trees.” A reliable way to protect against low temperatures. To do this, you need to lay out heaps of garbage throughout the garden: old leaves, wet grass, tree branches, weeds. To prevent rapid combustion, piles of garbage are sprinkled with turf, garden soil, weeds or grass. Combustible material will smolder, emitting a lot of smoke. When the sun rises (after 1.5 hours), you can finish smoking.

Smoke bombs. You can buy them in specialized stores. The smoke spreading from smoke bombs envelops trees and shrubs in a layer of paraffin. Plants are protected, since paraffin does not allow low temperatures to damage swollen buds, flowers and ovaries. Smoke bombs are effective even at temperatures of -4 degrees.

Spraying cold water trees and abundant watering of the soil are also considered an effective procedure for protecting against low temperatures.

Summer residents, who have extensive experience in garden care, place basins and other containers under trees and near bushes and fill them with water. The procedure is labor-intensive, but significant. Once you place the bowls with water, you don’t have to worry about fruit trees and bushes will be damaged.

Pest protection


When plants awaken from winter sleep, pests intensify their activity. In early spring, when there are no swollen buds, trees and shrubs can be treated with any pesticides.

Spraying is the most effective method for carrying out preventive work and for insect control.

If there was no large insect infestation last year, it will be enough to spray the trees with Bordeaux mixture, urea or copper sulfate according to the instructions.

To prevent the development of diseases such as scab, cocomycosis, moniliosis, curliness, it is necessary to treat dormant buds with Bordeaux mixture (1-2%). Processing should only be carried out at temperatures above 0 degrees.


In case of massive damage to shrubs harmful insects It is recommended to treat with phytoverm or fufanol (20 and 10 ml of product per bucket of water, respectively). "Fitoverm" is a biopesticide that is destroyed within 5 days, fufanol lasts 10 days. During this time, young insects emerge from the larvae and continue to destroy the plantings, so it is necessary to treat the plants 3 times. The drugs are dangerous to human health, but they are not able to penetrate deep into the plants and destroy the pest. For example, so that the fight against currant bud mite gives positive results, you need to “catch” the moment when pest individuals move from old buds to young ones.

In the spring you can see cracks and wounds on the bark; they need to be treated with 3% copper sulfate and covered with varnish. To prevent fungal diseases, trees are sprayed with urea (5%).

If brownish-red spots with black tubercles appear on trees and shrubs, these are signs of cytosporosis disease. All damaged branches are stripped back to healthy tissue, thin and weak shoots are completely removed.

How to arrange hunting belts?

During bud break, the larvae of aphids, caterpillars of leaf rollers, moths, moths and apple honeybees begin their vigorous life activity. During this period, the apple flower beetle crawls out of its hiding place.

At first they cannot fly, but in search of food they actively climb the bark of trees to young buds and foliage. This can be prevented by placing adhesive (catching) belts on the tree trunk. To make them they take thick paper or soft thin cardboard and generously grease with glue.

A belt made from loosened cotton wool and attached to wood works well at catching beetles. To protect the cotton wool from getting wet during bad weather, you can attach a film canopy on top of it. Catching belts made of cotton wool are installed on the upper and middle parts of the trunk. If the apple flower beetle has damaged the buds, you will see black dots on them that look like a needle prick.

Lawn care in spring


When the air temperature rises above 5 degrees, grass begins to grow. In the spring, you need to clear the area of ​​debris: old leaves, moss, tree branches. Held mechanical cleaning lawn (or you are just going to lay a lawn, here are articles about it) using a metal fan rake.

If the area has heavy soil, it can be improved by spreading sand over the surface of the lawn. With its help, unevenness will be filled. You do not need to pour pure sand, but along with humus or garden soil. For 2 parts sand you will need 1 part leaf humus or country soil. The embankment should be leveled using the back of the rake.

The main spring work of a vegetable gardener

April is a hot month for summer residents. At this time, spring work in the garden is in full swing. It is necessary to prepare the soil for planting, add complex fertilizer for planting perennial crops, prepare a greenhouse and plant seedlings.

Preparing the soil for planting

In order for the seeds of cold-resistant crops: cauliflower, carrots, broccoli, beets and lettuce to germinate, the soil must warm up to +8 degrees, and heat-loving crops such as pumpkins and cucumbers will need a temperature of +12 degrees.

Often winter does not want to give way to spring and the soil does not warm up for a long time. In this case, it should be warmed up artificially. It is necessary to calculate the time of sowing and cover the beds with black plastic or garden material 2 weeks in advance. This way, the soil will warm up faster and moisture will remain in the garden bed. After planting seedlings in warm soil, they will begin to grow faster.

Planting seedlings of flowers and vegetables


Young plants grown at room temperature, before planting in the ground on the garden bed, they must get used to more low temperatures, so they should be hardened in advance. When the temperature outside is above zero and there is no wind, the boxes with seedlings (read how) should be taken out into the garden. Sunbathing will only benefit her. In the evening, the boxes are brought into the house, and if night frosts are not expected, they are left outside, but wrapped in film or spandbond.

When growing seedlings in a greenhouse, it is necessary to increase ventilation to harden the young plants. Seedlings should be prepared a couple of weeks before planting in open soil.

Before planting, we remove the seedlings from the abundantly spilled boxes with seedlings along with a lump of earth and plant them in prepared holes in the garden bed. You need to replant in the evening or on a cloudy day. During transplantation, part of the main root is removed and the plant is buried down to the first leaves. New plantings are watered thoroughly and the soil around the plants is compacted once again, being careful not to damage the young leaves.


Vegetable grower work calendar

In March

At the beginning of the month you need to start preparing nutrient soil for seedlings, steam it and disinfect it. Soak the seeds (required) of eggplants, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and sow them for seedlings. Celery also requires planting.

It's time to reconsider the bulbs flowering plants, remove all diseased and dried out ones.

The second decade is suitable for picking and feeding cabbage seedlings.

beds with perennial plants you need to sprinkle it with ash or peat, and cover it with some kind of insulation. This technique will help the plants begin to grow faster.

The third ten days of the month are suitable for picking peppers and tomatoes. After transplanting, they should be fed.

You can prepare greenhouses for the season, repair them and treat them disinfectants, pin to the ground.

In April


In the first decade, you need to put potatoes to sprout, and in the last decade you can plant roses for those who have these flowers overwintered in the basement.

It's time to sow late varieties cabbage: cauliflower, white and red.

If carried out winter sowing vegetable seeds, now is the time to remove the covers and loosen the soil between the rows.

Do not forget!

Rhubarb and sorrel plantings are fed nitrogen fertilizer, diluting 3 tbsp in a bucket of water. l. urea and adding the resulting mixture between the rows. Compost should be spread around the rhubarb bush and covered with a bucket. The plant will become warmer and it will begin to grow faster, and the petioles will taste more tender.

In May

An unpredictable month, the likelihood of frost returning is quite high, so there is no need to rush into planting heat-loving crops in open ground, despite the warm daytime temperatures.

At the beginning of the first ten days of May, you can sow parsley, lettuce, nigella onions, dill, radishes, spring garlic, and carrots.

Tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and cucumbers can be planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse. You should inspect the perennials, spray the plantings against pests if necessary, feed the plants and mulch the soil around them.

The middle of the month is suitable for planting potatoes.

When all the work has been done, you should prepare the beds for cucumbers, pumpkins, beans, squash, basil and zucchini.


Features of spring sowing of seeds of some vegetable crops and watermelon (melon) in the ground

To obtain high yield, it is necessary to prepare the seeds for planting, select quality ones, and throw away the “dummies”. Much attention Care must be taken to ensure proper fit.

Radish

When sowing seeds, do not thicken the plantings. In order for the root crops to be juicy and large, the distance between plants/rows should be 5 cm and 15 cm. The crop is demanding of moisture, so it needs daily watering. With a lack of moisture, the radish becomes tough and the stem stretches.

Beans and peas

Warm-loving crops should be planted in the garden in May. Tall varieties of peas will need a lot of space, so the distance between rows should be 0.5 m. It is recommended to soak the seeds before planting legumes.

Spring work in the garden and vegetable garden they require patience and hard work from the summer resident. If all the work is done in a timely manner, you can provide yourself with a supply of vitamins and the joy of contemplating beauty for the whole year.


Garlic

Planting beds need to be changed annually. They can be returned to their previous place only after 4 years. If crop rotation is not adhered to, garlic is more susceptible to disease, yield decreases and shelf life is shortened.

cucumbers

It is preferable to grow through seedlings. The soil for sowing seeds should consist of peat, turf soil and sawdust, respectively 1:1:2.

The bed for planting cucumbers should be prepared in advance. The culture is thermophilic, so the basis of the bed should be fresh manure. Then you should pour fertile soil, make holes and transfer the plants, being careful not to damage the roots. Warmth comes from the manure, which will allow the root system to gain strength and the cucumbers will grow faster.

Vegetable crops require light, warmth and moisture, but the plants need to be watered only with warm water.

A common mistake made by vegetable growers is to thicken the plantings. The distance in the row between plants should be about half a meter, and 60 centimeters between rows.

It is better to sow fresh seeds, as last year’s seeds produce male flowers, which do not produce ovaries.

Watermelon melon)

It is impossible to predict what kind of summer awaits us: hot or cold. But you can experiment with planting watermelons. You just need to grow them seedling method. Replant in a greenhouse or open ground. When the plant grows and produces lashes, they should be shortened, leaving one ovary on the plant. Thus, everything will come to the growing fetus necessary substances, and you can get a sweet watermelon. One more nuance. Root system The plant is very vulnerable, so you need to remove weeds carefully, trying not to damage it. Many vegetable growers advise not to pull out weeds with roots, but only to tear them off. It looks untidy, but the harvest is good.


Carrot

The culture loves good light, so the beds should be located in a bright place. The soil is loose, sandy loam. For root crops to grow, there must be enough space, so after the seeds germinate, you need to thin out the plantings, focusing on the distance between vegetables of 4 cm, between their rows - 15 cm. When they thicken, the root crops turn out ugly and small.

Salad

The culture is cold-resistant, so it is not afraid of night frosts. Sow the seeds in well-fertilized soil. When watering plants, you should not get it on the leaves; you need to add it to the roots. When sowing small seeds, they can be mixed with fine sand and buried 1 cm into the soil. There should be a distance of 8 cm between plants, and 15 cm between rows. Over time, the leaves become coarser and become unsuitable for food, so they need to be picked when they are tender. Varieties head lettuce It is better to grow in seedlings.


Where to begin?

We start with a walkthrough. You should check the winter shelters of heat-loving crops to make sure that they have not been damaged due to frost. If the snow has already completely melted and the temperature outside remains above zero, you need to ventilate the plants under winter shelters. This way you will protect heat-loving shrubs and perennials from damping off. After the final warming, plants covered for the winter can be fully opened. Also, at the beginning of April, it is necessary to free the branches of shrubs and perennials from the hooks that bend them down and perform pruning as necessary, raise bent raspberry shoots, cut out excess and weak ones, and trim frozen tops.

Fruit trees and berry bushes are pruned before the sap begins to flow, which is expected in the second half of April. The next stage is processing of bushes and trees. Carefully inspect the bushes black currant. At this time, thick swollen buds infested with bud mites are clearly visible on the branches. They must be removed and burned. If there are many such buds on a branch, then it is better to remove the entire branch. Before buds bloom on fruit trees, as well as currant, gooseberry, and raspberry bushes, you can treat with a nitrophen solution (300 g per 10 liters of water), while simultaneously spraying the soil under the trees and bushes. Treatment is carried out at an average daily air temperature of at least 5 °C.

April is the time to remove trash from your property. Photo: ShutterStock/Fotodom.ru

April is the time to remove and loosen the soil. Photo: ShutterStock/Fotodom.ru

Traditional spraying can be replaced by watering the bushes with boiling water from a watering can. In early spring, the sun's rays can warm the dark bark of fruit trees on the sunny side to 5–10 °C. In this case, the temperature of the tree bark on the shady side will be equal to the air temperature, and in March it is still below zero. A sharp temperature contrast can cause bark burns - damage in the form of cracking with further death of the bark. To protect fruit-bearing trees from premature awakening, and the bark from sunburn, you need to whitewash tree trunks with lime. The trees will not heat up much under the spring sun and will not wake up ahead of time. Whitewashing the trunks of fruit trees with lime mortar will reduce overheating of the bark, and will also protect the trees from pests.

As soon as the last snow melts and dries out upper layer land, you need to tidy up the area: rake the remaining leaves, tops into compost heap or form a cucumber ridge out of them, loosen the soil to eliminate the crust formed after the snow melts. Garden plants constantly need additional feeding. As soon as the snow melts or almost melts, nitrogen or complex fertilizer should be scattered over the frozen-thawed soil. Melt water dissolve it and lead it to the roots of the plants. If the weather is favorable, planting of fruit and berry crops begins in April. At the end of April, prepare the soil and sow cold-resistant crops (radishes, radishes for early consumption, carrots, parsley, celery, parsnips, turnips), and green crops (lettuce, spinach, dill, cilantro) in open ground. The end of April is a good time to divide and plant perennial flowers. If organic, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were added to the soil in the fall, then in the spring you can feed the plants only with nitrogen.

HOW TO WHITE TREES?

Lime mortar for whitewashing trees is a fairly thick mass: 2–3 kg of lime per 10 liters of water. In some cases, to enhance the effect of adhesion to the bark in mortar add no more than 50 g of wood glue, and to give the solution disinfectant properties to combat pests and diseases of trees - 300 g of copper sulfate. Trees are whitewashed with a brush, roller or sprayer. At what height should fruit trees be whitened? Some gardeners advise whitewashing to the maximum height you can reach. Others believe that it is necessary to whitewash tree trunks no more than 1 m from the ground. And yet, the height and intensity of whitewashing should be chosen based on the degree of heating of the tree bark. Forming a tree crown is a rather long process. After planting, pruning is done annually in the spring for 8–12 years.

Preface

For most gardeners, spring gardening is routine. The dacha plot must be put in order - prepare the soil for planting, spray the trees and bushes. Special attention It is necessary to pay attention to pruning before a large amount of sap begins to flow. Spring is not a time for rest!

Required tools and materials


Work in the garden in early spring - where to start?

If the snow does not melt on the soil for a long period of time, and work on the summer cottage cannot be delayed, then we speed up the process - pour it on the snow thin layer peat If time allows, we wait. The soil on which the snow has melted is well moistened. If you leave the snow cover near the trees, the process of gradual wetting is prolonged.. This way you can retain a significant amount of moisture for quite a long time.

As the snow melts, work in the garden in the spring can begin with cleaning up last year's leaves (if this was not done in the fall). It can be burned or composted. Then remove the insulating film from the grapes, ornamental plants, open the strawberries. We pay special attention to the soil of the site: if necessary, then we remove excess moisture and perform loosening.

After this, the top layer of soil should be mulched, that is, sprinkled with organic or inorganic material. The first is hay, nutshell, sawdust, humus, pine needles. The second is gravel, pebbles, and various covering materials. Mulching helps conserve water and loose soil, prevents soil erosion, reduces the number of weeds and promotes the formation of adventitious roots.

Spraying and whitewashing - don't forget about the trees

All work in the garden must be done before the buds begin to swell. First of all, this applies to pruning shrubs, fruit trees and grapes. Early pruning reduces Negative consequences, possible from shortening. It is also important to get rid of dry branches damaged by frost or disease and cut out excess growth.

If you decide to carry out, remove no more than a third of the branches in one year.

If the autumn whitewashing of trees was not carried out for some reason, then this must be done. Whitewash, which contains chalk and lime, protects the tree well from flightless insect pests that overwinter in the bark or fallen leaves. It is imperative to do the first spraying of trees and grapes before the buds open - many insects lay their eggs in the buds or buds.

Spring work in the garden – March-May

At the end of April - beginning of March, all fruit trees must be opened and the soil must be dug up in a circle, only carefully so as not to damage their roots. This is done as if to destroy possible pests and infections, and to improve soil quality. Also during this period, it is advisable to dig up the soil throughout the entire area and add mineral fertilizers or ash. Then use a rake to level the ground. When the weather is warm and sunny, early crops can be planted.

With the onset of winter, gardeners and gardeners take a short break and take a break from working in the country. But with the onset of spring, they will have to work in the garden again. Let's find out in more detail what activities need to be carried out on the plots so that gardeners and gardeners are satisfied with the harvest.

Basic garden work in spring

With the onset of spring, the first work begins not in the garden, but in the garden. This is due to the fact that most activities are carried out before sap flow and the appearance of the first bud.

What needs to be done:

Caring for coniferous trees in spring

So that the bright spring sun does not damage the crowns coniferous trees, they must be covered with an old blanket or burlap. The roots of coniferous trees need to be shed with warm water. y. This procedure will help the snow melt faster and protect the trees from dehydration.

If branches break or dry out during winter, they must be removed. It is also necessary not to forget about mulching. You can do it using pine bark or crushed cones. This procedure helps retain moisture longer and prevents weeds.

Spring care for currants, raspberries and gooseberries

Spring work in the garden

In order to receive good harvest from the beds, it is necessary to prepare the garden for planting in the spring. What should be done?

Spring lawn care

If you have a lawn, then you need to take care of it, starting in early spring. As soon as the snow on the lawn begins to melt, you need to scatter mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen over the entire area of ​​the lawn.

When the soil dries out a little, you need to remove all leaves and debris from the lawn. After this, you need to loosen the lawn with a special rake-scarifier. This procedure will allow young shoots to grow.

To saturate the soil with oxygen, pierce it along the entire perimeter of the lawn using a fork.

If during all of the above work the surface of the lawn is damaged, these areas must be equalized in height, fill with sand and reseed with new lawn.

In May, the lawn needs to be mowed, but you should not trample on it too much, so that your footprints are not left behind.

Strawberry care

Everyone loves strawberries, both adults and children. But not everyone knows that from proper care In the spring, strawberries depend on getting a good harvest. How to care for this berry in spring?

From the area where strawberries grow, it is necessary to remove all snow-retaining materials. Remove debris and old blackened leaves. Trim off old tendrils and inflorescences. It is better to burn all collected garbage to protect your berries from last year’s diseases and pests.

After this, apply nitrogen-containing fertilizer under each bush. To get a good harvest, strawberries need to be fed before flowering and after flowering. Culinary yeast, chicken manure, mullein, sodium sulfate, potassium, nitrophosphate, and weed tincture are suitable for this. But you also need to feed them correctly, otherwise excessive feeding can lead to the death of the strawberries.

New leaves that swell must be buried with soil. The soil around the strawberry bushes needs to be loosened.

Before the leaves begin to appear, each bush should be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. And when it gets warm, the bushes need to be sprayed with a solution from calcium chloride and wood ash.

If some strawberry bushes are frozen, then new bushes can be planted in their place.

If you do not want your berries to be attacked by slugs, you should mulch with wood ash or pine needles.

Spring work at the dacha: planting new flowers

In early March you can plant the following flowers: hyacinths, crocuses, snowdrops, aster petunias. But if you want these flowers to start pleasing you with their blooms earlier, you need to plant the seeds at home first in special boxes, and with the onset of heat, plant the seedlings in the ground.

Before planting the seeds, they must be soaked for several minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate. After this procedure, the seeds must be dried and can be planted.

The land for planting must also be prepared. It is better if it consists of humus, sand and soil.

If you decide to plant bulbous plants, then before planting you need to soak them for thirty minutes in a potassium permanganate solution. This is necessary so that they are not exposed to various viruses and fungi.

When planting bulbous plants in the ground, you must ensure that the bulb is strictly directed downward. Landing should be carried out when the air temperature at night is above ten degrees. Otherwise your flowers will die.

The soil must drain water well. Sandy soil needs to be fertilized with compost, and if the soil does not drain water well, then a little crushed stone and sand should be poured into the bottom of each hole.

If you do it right, then your flowerbed will be the most beautiful in the country.

Now you know what spring work in the garden is and what you need to do to get a good harvest. Follow these rules and you will succeed. Happy harvest!