Why do Japanese quince leaves turn lighter? Quince diseases and their treatment. Japanese quince jam: benefits and harms

Japanese quince is a popular plant among gardeners. She is loved for her ease of care and beautiful appearance. They are used mainly not for obtaining fruits, but for decorating the site. Culture may be subject to various diseases By figuring out why the Japanese quince does not bloom and taking action, you can save the crop, and sometimes the entire tree.

Description of culture

Common quince, or oblong, is a fruit tree, belonging to the Rosaceae family. The well-known apple and pear trees belong to the same family. When it starts to bloom it looks very impressive. Quince fruits contain many useful substances. They are a false apple with five multi-seeded nests. The shape of the fruit depends on the variety of quince - they can be in the shape of a ball or a pear, but always with smooth surface ripe and firm. Wild quince bears fruit up to 3 cm in size, but garden forms the fruits reach 20 cm in diameter. Despite its hardness, the pulp has a strong aroma and a sweet, slightly astringent taste.

Quince is considered a heat-loving crop, but nevertheless grows in Scandinavian countries. This means that it can be grown in conditions middle zone Russia. IN southern regions quince is a low tree with a spreading crown. The branches may even touch the ground. In the northern regions, quince looks like a shrub.

Quince fruit

Quince diseases and ways to combat them

Quince, like any garden culture, susceptible to various diseases. One of the typical symptoms of quince disease is drying of the leaves. This symptom is characteristic of a number of diseases. It also often happens that the tree does not bloom or blooms, but does not bear fruit, or the leaves on the quince suddenly dry out.

The most unpleasant development of events will be the defeat of the quince various forms cancer. In this case, the bark bursts and falls off. The tree can no longer be saved; it will have to be destroyed. If everything is fine with the bark, you need to look for the cause and start treatment.

The most common quince diseases are fungal and viral in nature, which can cause the leaves to dry out:

• Brownishness (brown spotting).

Quince brown spot

The causative agent is the fungus Entomosporium maculatum Lev. f. maculata (Lev.) Atk. Occurs on leaves a large number of small, merging spots. On their upper side, black pads containing fungal spores form. Diseased leaves should dry out and fall off.

Important! The infection does not disappear and remains in the removed remains, which are best burned.

Control measures include collecting and destroying diseased parts of the plant, pruning branches just beginning to dry out. Agricultural techniques for cultivating this plant must be followed. Also used is spraying quince in the spring and after flowering with Bordeaux mixture at a concentration of 1% or analogues - HOM, Abiga-Peak.

• Folicystic spotting.

Caused by the fungus Phyllosticta cydoniae (Desm.) Sacc. and the fungus Phyllosticta velata Bub. In the first case, the quince leaf becomes covered brown spots having a round or irregular shape. Then the fruiting bodies of the fungus appear on them in the form of black inclusions. In the second variant, the rounded brown spots have a reddish edge. The fruiting bodies are also black.

As time passes the affected leaf tissue dries out and crumbles, forming holes. The leaves turn yellow and fall off. Treatment is the same as for brown spot: Bordeaux mixture or its analogues.

• Tomato ringspot virus.

This disease is often found on quince. It manifests itself as chlorosis, leaf wrinkling, ring spot, jaundice, necrotic spot. Main sign of this disease - alternating light and dark areas of green. The virus infects many plant species and is spread by nematodes as well as plant sap. Infection through seeds is sometimes possible.

Methods to combat the virus include timely removal of the affected parts of the plant. They need to be burned. garden tools After working on infected plants, it is necessary to disinfect them in alcohol, cologne, or potassium permanganate.

Important! Parts of diseased trees are not used for propagation or grafting.

Spraying against sucking insects such as thrips will also help. You can use the following drugs: Aktara, Kemifos, Inta-Vir, Fitoferm.

• Chlorosis.

Packaging of the drug Aktara

The development of the disease is indicated by leaves that lighten in the first half of summer. The color fades away until the leaf turns yellowish-white. Due to damage to the foliage by chlorosis, the entire plant experiences a deficiency nutrients, weakens and dries, the leaves begin to fade. Ultimately, this affects productivity indicators.

Control measures consist of eliminating the cause of the disease. They can be the following: lack or excess of moisture, reduction in the amount of nutrients in the soil, too much fertilizer or lack thereof. From this it becomes clear that when caring for fruit crop It is important to observe moderation in all agricultural activities.

In addition to diseases affecting leaves, there are a number of others:

• Moniliosis.

A fungal disease that occurs due to high humidity. The fruits of the plant suffer. What to do if the quince drops its fruits - copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture or modern drugs Teldor and Rovral.

• Boring of leaves.

What is recommended to do if the quince blooms but does not bear fruit? Most likely, we are talking about a disease called leaf brown. The plant looks healthy and may even bloom, but then the flowers fall off. The disease can also manifest itself in the fact that the ends of young branches of the quince dry out and the leaves dry out. In some cases, fruits appear but then fall off.

For treatment, you need to get rid of the infected shoots, and then treat the quince with Oxychoma or similar.

• Powdery mildew.

Powdery mildew on quince

A fairly common disease, one of the reasons why Japanese quince leaves turn yellow. It appears as a reddish coating at the ends of the branches, which transforms into a film with sufficient high density with the fruiting bodies of the pathogenic fungus in this place. With this disease, the shoots dry out and do not grow, the leaves turn yellow, and the plant slowly dries out.

Fungicides used for treatment will help cope with the disease.

Quince pests

Quince is also subject to invasion by various harmful insects. Their danger is that, multiplying quickly, they can destroy the plant.

The most common are:

• Leaf-rotting moth.

This is the common name for a species of moth that destroys leaves. They become very light and then fall off. The plant weakens, productivity and resistance to harsh climatic conditions decrease.

Get rid of the pest using “Fundazol”. It is also recommended to maintain cleanliness trunk circle.

• Fruit mite.

These include brown and red mites, which can significantly damage plants in the garden. They suck juices from young shoots and buds, preventing them from developing. A crop affected by a mite secretes sticky drops of juice, and the presence of a mite is judged by this sign. You can fight it using various modern means against pests.

With proper care and compliance with the required rules of agricultural technology, quince will rarely be subject to diseases and pest attacks. Don't forget about other plants in the garden, they can be carriers.

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Like all fruits, quince is also susceptible to diseases and pest attacks. On large areas, in order to obtain fruits that are not damaged by disease or pests, up to 16 treatments are carried out over the summer period.

Agrotechnical measures

Agrotechnical measures against diseases and pests include:

• constant maintenance of the soil under the tree crowns free of weeds and tree debris;
• the use of trapping belts that will trap pests and spreaders of diseases;
• pre-winter watering with fertilizing, especially in dry years;
• carrying out in early spring at a stable temperature of 6-8°C below 0, pruning and cleaning the trunk and skeletal branches to destroy wintering pests and fungal spores;
• applying fertilizers (if necessary) for fine tillage and watering;
• During the growing season, pruning and destruction of all damaged shoots and branches, followed by burning.

Quince diseases and chemical protection measures

Vegetative organs and quince fruits are affected by diseases that require certain control measures. Of the diseases, the most common is moliniosis, the real powdery mildew, rust, gray rot of fruits, rotting of ovaries, brownishness of leaves.

Quince diseases Caused mainly by various fungi. It is necessary to combat fungal diseases before the disease occurs (prevention) or at the very beginning, because fungicides only restrain the development of the disease, but do not completely destroy it. Therefore, in autumn and spring it is advisable to carry out general treatments of the entire garden. And during the growing season, in order to reduce the number of treatments and increase efficiency, it is advisable to use fungicidal or fungicidal-insecticidal mixtures, provided they are compatible.

When using mixtures of drugs, it is necessary to check their compatibility.

• In the fall, after harvesting (along the bare crown), thoroughly spray the trees with a 2-3% solution copper sulfate.
• In early spring (after pruning), repeat treating the trees with copper sulfate solution.
• Before bud break, you can treat the trees with preparation No. 30 or DNOC, but it is better to treat them with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture in combination with any compatible fungicidal agent.
• During the pink bud phase, trees are treated with Confidor for viral diseases and Horus for fungal diseases.
• The last treatment for diseases is usually carried out after fruit set with Horus or Strobi solution.

Quince pests and control measures

Quince pests is affected to a lesser extent. The main pest is the leaf-mining and round-mining fruit moth. To a lesser extent, quince suffers from aphids, codling moth, apple flower beetle and apple false bark beetle. It is most effective to constantly combine tree treatments against diseases and pests.

During rose bud Can treat trees against viral and fungal diseases and leaf-eating moth caterpillars with one of the mixtures:

1. Confidor with the addition of a solution of foundationol and dipterex;
2. Aktara together with Aktelik and Inta-Vir;
3. Confidor mixed with actara and decis.

Before spraying, inspect the trees and collect the apple false bark beetle manually (if any). After flowering:

• spraying with confidor with actophyte and mospilan against diseases, aphids and all sucking-gnawing pests;
• a solution of foundationazole with dipteryx against fruit rot, ovary rot and some pests.

During the phase of fruit growth (third decade of July - beginning of August), spray Kemiphos with Mospilan or Decis against moths.

Thus, during the growing season, from budding to fruit growth, the trees will be treated 3-4 times, and there will be a sufficient waiting period (decomposition of the applied chemicals), to quince fruits did not contain chemical compounds harmful to health.

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See how quince diseases manifest themselves and how they are fought - the photo shows typical signs and some agrotechnical measures carried out on a personal plot:

We invite you to learn about the most common infections of this crop.

Cytosporosis of quince.

The causative agent of this Japanese quince disease is a mushroom Cytospora cydoniae Bub. et Kab. The disease is manifested by browning and dying of the bark of the branches. Numerous convex stromas in the form of gray-brown tubercles are formed on the affected tissue. At first they are submerged, then erupting, bluntly cone-shaped. The affected bark dries out, acquiring a finely lumpy appearance from the sporulation of the fungus, but does not peel off, but becomes wet. The fungus enters the plant through mechanical damage and spreads from the bark into the cambium and wood, causing premature drying of the branches. The spread of infection is facilitated by the weakening of plants from exposure low temperatures, sunburn, mechanical damage bark. The infection persists in the affected branches of Japanese quince and in the affected bark of the trunks.

Control measures. Use healthy planting material without any necrosis of the bark and ulcers on the shoots. Compliance with all agrotechnical requirements for growing this crop. Timely pruning of affected branches with cankers and burning them. Individual ulcers in the forks of skeletal branches are disinfected with a 1% solution of copper sulfate and covered oil paint on natural drying oil. Annual preventive spraying of plant bark before leaves bloom with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak).

Monilial burn of quince.

The causative agent is a fungus Monilia cydoniae Schell . The disease appears in the spring. There is a sharp browning and drying of flowers, ovaries, and fruit branches. Young leaves also turn brown and do not fall off for a long time. A grayish coating of mycelium develops on the affected bark and leaves, the spores of which re-infect the ovaries and young shoots. The disease is most dangerous in cold spring with plenty of precipitation, when the pathogenic fungus actively develops and the affected branches quickly dry out. At strong development disease, the plant very quickly takes on the appearance of being burned, and the damage is often confused with the result of winter freezing. In quince, monilial burn most often manifests itself as damage to the leaves, on which yellowish-brown or almost black spots appear, covered with a gray coating, and drying out of the skeletal branches. The infection persists in the affected plant debris and in the bark of the affected shoots.

Control measures. Annual preventive spraying of all trees and shrubs when buds open with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak), repeated treatments immediately after flowering of the first gardens with the same preparations. If necessary, spraying is repeated in the summer and first autumn with the Chorus preparation. Timely pruning of dried, affected branches and burning them, with obligatory coating of the cuts with oil paint.

The causative agent is a fungus Cylindrosporium cydoniae (Mont.) Schosch. (syn. Gloeosporium cydoniae Mont.) . Round or angular, often merging dark spots appear on the leaves. Brown. On the upper side of the necrotic spots, small, numerous, crowded, whitish sporulation pads are formed. Dark brown elongated spots with sporulation pads can also appear on quince branches. When the disease spreads massively, the affected leaves prematurely turn yellow and fall off, and the branches dry out. The infection persists in the bark of affected branches and in affected plant debris.

Control measures. Collection and destruction of plant residues, pruning of drying branches, compliance with the requirements of agricultural technology for growing crops. Preventive spraying of all plants in the spring, before the leaves bloom and immediately after flowering, with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak).

Look at these quince diseases in the photo, which demonstrates typical signs of cultural distress:

There are fungal and viral diseases of quince, in which the leaves dry out and appear on them. different kinds spotting. All types of diseases of this type can be found below.

Brownishness, or brown spotting.

The causative agent is a fungus Entomosporium maculatum Lev. f. maculata (Lev.) Atk. The spots on the leaves are grayish or brown, numerous, very small, merging with each other. On the upper side of the necrotic spots, numerous black sporulation pads are formed, 1-2 on each spot. Affected leaves dry out prematurely and fall off. The infection persists in the affected plant debris.

Control measures.

Quince phyllosticosis.

Phyllostic blotch is caused by two pathogenic fungi. The causative agent is a fungus Phyllosticta cydoniae (Desm.) Sacc. Spots on leaves are round or irregular shape, Brown color. Over time, numerous pinpoint black fruiting bodies of the overwintering stage are formed on the necrotic tissue. The causative agent is the fungus Phyllosticta velata Bub. The spots on the leaves are round, brown, with a red-brown border. Numerous pinpoint black fruiting bodies are formed in the necrotic tissue. Over time, the necrotic tissue dries out, cracks and falls out, leaving holes on the leaves. Affected leaves turn yellow prematurely and fall off. The infection persists in the affected plant debris.

Control measures. The same as against quince anthracnose.

Tomato ringspot virus - Tomato ringsport virus (ToRSV) - manifested by ring spot, chlorosis, leaf wrinkling, necrotic spot, jaundice. A typical sign is alternating light and dark green areas. The virus affects plants from 35 families and is distributed everywhere. Transmitted by plant sap and nematodes. Transmission through plant seeds (tobacco, strawberries, etc.) has been recorded.

Control measures. Timely pruning of leaves and branches with symptoms viral infection, removal and burning of heavily affected plants. Disinfection gardening tools(knives, pruning shears, etc.) in alcohol, cologne, 1% solution of potassium permanganate after working with affected plants. You should not use cuttings from diseased plants for rooting or eyes for grafting. Spraying plants against thrips and other sucking insects with one of the following preparations: fufanon, kemifos, fitoverm, actellik, actara, Inta-Vir.

The plant requires treatment. (Pay attention to your plants.)

By changing the color, shape and size of the sheet by appearance you can understand what mineral fertilizer is required for the plant.

Symptoms of deficiency can be recognized individual elements plants upon visual inspection. Watch the plant's growth carefully.

Nitrogen deficiency in the soil manifests itself:

The leaves are pale green, become smaller, old leaves turn yellow prematurely and fall off.

The number of flower buds decreases.

The fruits become smaller, their taste qualities, they are more intensely colored, fall off easily, and are poorly stored.

Treatment: Spray with urea solution 20-50g per 10l of water.

With a lack of phosphorus:

The leaves become smaller, dark green in color sometimes with a bronze-purple and red tint, and the petioles and veins of the leaves acquire a reddish color. Drying leaves turn black, fall off early, and thin and shortened shoots are formed.

The flowers are few, small, and poorly colored.

Treatment: Spraying with solution simple superphosphate 300g per 10l of water.

For potassium deficiency:

The leaves are wrinkled, bluish-greenish in color, with marginal burn (potassium necrosis), in which the edges of the leaves first lighten, then turn brown, curl upward and die.

The shoots stop growing and often die.

The fruits become smaller, poorly colored, the taste deteriorates, crumbling increases, and keeping quality decreases. Most often it occurs on peat-boggy soils, as well as on sandy and sandy loam soils.

Treatment: Spraying with a solution of potassium sulfate 100g per 10l of water.

Signs of calcium deficiency:

The leaves appear brownish spots, mottled yellowing, the edges turn brown and curl upward, the tips of the shoots die off.

The fruits are poorly stored.

Happens more often on acidic soils, in areas with high rainfall.

Treatment: Spray with a solution of calcium chloride 30-40g per 10 liters of water.

With a lack of magnesium:

The leaves are marbled, spotted, pale green spots form, the green color remains along the veins (interveinal chlorosis), acquire a reddish or purple tint, and fall off prematurely, usually from the lower part of the shoots.

The fruits are small, the taste deteriorates.

Most often on highly podzolized acidic soils (sandy, sandy loam, clay-sandy).

Treatment: Spraying with a solution of magnesium sulfate 200g per 10l of water.

Iron deficiency:

Young leaves turn yellow, then turn white, and later become covered at the edges with brown spots of dying tissue and fall off.

At long-term deficiency Shoots and even branches die.

Usually on highly corbanate and poorly drained soils.

Treatment: Spray with solution iron sulfate 50-100g per 10l of water.

With a lack of zinc:

The leaves are small, speckled, the shoots are shortened, and rosettes of narrow, underdeveloped leaves are formed from the apical buds instead of shoots.

The fruits are small and ugly in shape.

Treatment: spraying with a solution of zinc sulfate 5-10g per 10g of water.

Boron deficiency:

The leaves become smaller and chlorosis appears. In the apple tree, the leaves first turn yellow with reddening of the veins, early falling of young leaves is observed, and the apical buds die off.

They bloom poorly and the fruit sets poorly.

Brown or red-brown subcutaneous spots of suberized tissue - specific spotting.

Dry tops of trees are observed.

Treatment: Spray with solution boric acid 15 g per 10 liters of water.

Manganese deficiency:

On the upper Leaves, chlorosis begins from the edges of the leaf blade. Plant growth is stunted. Drying of young shoots is possible.

Deficient on carbonate and peat-bog soils.

Treatment: Spray with a solution of manganese sulfate 10g per 10l of water.

If there is not enough copper:

The leaves are variegated and limp.

Growth is weakened, sometimes the tips of the shoots die off. Dry top of trees.

Most often on peat, swamp, and acidic sandy soils.

Treatment: Spray with a solution of copper sulfate 3-5g. for 10 liters of water.

The first feeding is carried out a week after flowering, the second - 15-30 days after the first. It is best to spray plants in the morning or evening, but cloudy weather this can be done during the day. If it rains, fertilizing must be repeated. Spray with a fine spray (in the form of dew).

However, foliar feeding is only temporary help. Basic fertilizer (manure, composts, wood ash, mineral fertilizers) are applied in autumn or spring.

In addition to foliar fertilizers, root fertilizing with fertilizers is also carried out in the summer. To do this, use fast-acting organic (slurry, mullein) or mineral fertilizers. Slurry is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5. The nutritional value of slurry increases by adding 30-50 g of superphosphate per bucket of solution. 1 kg is diluted in 10 liters of water.

Apply one bucket of prepared liquid fertilizer per 1 m of tree trunk circle (preferably in grooves 8-10 cm deep). To prepare liquid mineral fertilizer, 100 g of superphosphate, 40 g of potassium salt, and 60 g of urea are diluted in 10 liters of water.

Particular attention should be paid to feeding trees that have frozen in winter period, using both foliar and root feeding for this.

The scientific name is Chaenomeles japonica, but the plant has long been known to everyone under the name quince (also Japanese). Which country is considered the birthplace of this fruit tree, is clear from the name, but currently it is widespread in both neighboring China and distant Europe.

This beautiful plant is worth growing in gardens and cottages, if only because its flowering is a stunning sight, thousands of red-orange lights suddenly flash together on thin branches. Later, most of them will become fruits, so in the fall, Japanese quince again pleases its owners with the abundance and beauty of its fruits.

Japanese quince takes root well, but does not like transplanting, so the owners summer cottage You should immediately determine the place where it will grow. Caring for this beautiful tree is not much different from caring for regular apple and pear trees. For lush flowering, it is necessary to loosen the soil, weed it from emerging weeds and mulch.

A year after planting, you can start feeding; the plant favors organic and mineral fertilizers. In winter, young shrubs are covered with spruce branches to protect them from frost.

Such simple methods care is very pleasing to novice gardeners. The second attractive point of choosing Japanese quince for planting in the country is its resistance to pests and diseases. This is noted by experts, and residents of holiday villages speak about it unanimously.

No diseases!

Professionals and lovers of growing exotic tree varieties are confident that diseases on quince appear only in rare cases. For example, when there is practically no care and attention from the owners of the summer cottage.

Another set of unfavorable factors that contribute to the emergence of diseases are natural vagaries. Among the main reasons are the cool, rainy weather that continues long time. At the same time, it is noted in the air high humidity, which leads to the appearance of various spots and necrosis. This disease can affect the edges of leaves (marginal), leaf tissue between the veins (median), and appear as dots and spots over the entire surface (spotted).

Another factor contributing to the development of diseases can be various fungi. Thus, cases of ramulariasis and cytosporosis have been observed. At the same time, the leaves and flowers become brown, dry out, and it is clear that the color of the tree bark changes. Ramulariasis can be combated using any antifungal chemicals, copper sulfate. In addition, affected branches, leaves and flowers should not be thrown away, but burned. The same methods of combating cytosporosis, including timely pruning and ensuring conditions of temperature and humidity, preventive spraying with a solution of copper sulfate.

Who is guilty?

Adverse weather conditions, poor care, the appearance of fungi in neighboring areas is not all the misfortunes that await Japanese quince. There is also a group of insect pests, the most common of which are scale insects and spider mites.

In order to protect your favorite quince from pests, it is necessary to constantly carry out prevention and monitor the appearance of uninvited guests. It is necessary to carry out the first spraying before the buds begin to bloom, then repeated treatment may not be necessary or will be postponed to a later period.

It's important to keep track planting material. Dry branches and remaining dry bark should be cut off. When affected areas are identified, they are cut out and burned, and the tree is treated with insecticides.

The list of diseases and pests of Japanese quince is so long. Therefore, if the owners decide to decorate their garden with an exotic guest from distant Japan, then it is worth trying a little for her sake and then she will respond with beautiful flowering and a rich harvest!