Autonomous heating of apartment buildings. Roof boiler room in an apartment building: SNiP, requirements, reviews. Autonomous roof boiler house Design of roof boiler houses for an apartment building

Currently, when deciding the issue of a heating station, customers are increasingly choosing a rooftop boiler room, motivating them high efficiency. A well-chosen roof boiler house fits perfectly into the densely built conditions of modern cities, since it does not require land acquisition and extra space for construction separate building. There is also no need for chimneys Oh high altitude and construction of long heating mains. In addition, plays an important role high security roof boiler houses, their environmental friendliness and full automation of operation. Service life used in such boiler houses technological equipment longer due to the absence of water hammer.

Research and calculations clearly show that placing a boiler room on the roof can reduce both capital and operating costs. By eliminating the construction of chimneys and heating networks, it is possible to significantly reduce initial investments, because their cost reaches up to 40% of the cost of the entire heat supply system in cases of connection to centralized heat sources and about 25-30% when using various autonomous sources with ground-based placement. The absence of heat losses in such networks (up to 25%) and energy savings as a result of automatic temperature control in the building depending on the weather (5-10%) help reduce operating costs.

Block and modular options roof-mounted autonomous boiler houses can significantly reduce installation time, since they are fully factory-assembled boiler houses that do not require much time to put into operation.

Thus, we can conclude that rooftop boiler houses have not only retained the advantages inherent in autonomous heat supply systems in general, but are distinguished by their unique and undeniable advantages. However, you can take advantage of these benefits only in the case of a comprehensive professional approach to the selection of equipment, design, installation and operation of the boiler room.

Design and installation are considered the most important stages construction of any roof boiler house. To avoid mistakes that lead to breakdowns or even emergency situations, and therefore additional financial costs, the only correct solution is to contact specialists at a design and installation organization. Only there, based on terms of reference, the customer will be able to offer a competent engineering solution for the entire required range of services. This is explained by the fact that special requirements have now been developed not only for the weight characteristics of the heat-generating equipment used and its vibration and noise properties, but also for the buildings themselves intended to accommodate selected rooftop boiler houses, and for the maintainability of this or that equipment (is it possible the use of freight-passenger elevators of a given building for repairs and replacement of the boiler), etc., and not everyone has knowledge of such requirements.

In addition, if the choice of equipment necessary for a roof boiler house in accordance with the assigned tasks does not cause difficulties for qualified specialists, then it is not very easy to satisfy all existing regulatory requirements that apply to the placement and operation of each rooftop boiler room.

Strict restrictions of the existing regulatory framework (GOSTs, SNiPs, etc.), as well as a large list of requirements imposed by supervisory authorities, can become a serious obstacle in the process of resolving the issue of building a rooftop boiler house. The basis of the regulatory framework available in Russia used for the development and design of roof-mounted autonomous boiler houses is: SNiP 42-01-2002 “Gas distribution systems” and SNiP 11-35-76 “Boiler installations”. They provide the basic requirements that must be met to ensure safe work roof boiler rooms.

As a rule, the thermal power of a boiler room installed on the roof should be no more than 3 MW. However, in exceptional cases, based on appropriate justification, the use of an autonomous roof boiler room to provide heat supply to several other buildings is permitted, provided that thermal load additionally connected consumers should not exceed 100% of the heat load of the main building.

For boiler rooms located on the roofs of residential buildings, it is allowed to use only hot water boilers working for natural gas, the coolant temperature in which does not exceed 115°C. For industrial enterprises And industrial buildings You can use boilers with a steam pressure of no more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2) at a water temperature of up to 115°C. It is forbidden to place roof boiler rooms above warehouses belonging to categories “A” and “B” and production premises in order to comply with fire and explosion safety. It is also prohibited to design rooftop boiler rooms for buildings intended for children's schools and preschool institutions, clinics with 24-hour inpatient care, hospitals and dormitory buildings of rest homes and sanatoriums. It is not allowed to build roof boiler rooms over rooms where more than fifty people can be present at the same time, adjacent to living rooms, as well as on the floors of various residential premises.

IN Lately The number of floors of buildings under construction is increasing more and more, which leads to a proportional increase in the need for heat, and consequently to a corresponding increase in the power of boiler houses. Based on existing regulatory documents, when constructing a building with a height of more than 26.5 m, the roof boiler room must be agreed upon with the State Fire Department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and local representatives of the State Fire Service, and if the capacity is exceeded, Special Technical Specifications will additionally need to be developed and agreed upon with the Ministry of Regional Development. This procedure, as a rule, takes a lot of time, but still makes it possible to significantly reduce capital costs for construction.

Building on existing regulatory framework, in the pipe supplying natural gas to the roof boiler room along the wall of the building, the pressure should be up to 5 kPa. Thus, if the building is high-rise, then it will be necessary to build a large-diameter gas pipeline. A large diameter of the gas supply pipeline will inevitably lead to deterioration appearance buildings and increasing the cost of gas pipeline construction. It is much more aesthetically pleasing and cheaper to use medium-pressure gas pipelines in such cases, but currently only Moscow city building codes allow natural gas to be supplied to rooftop boiler houses through medium-pressure pipes (up to 100 kPa).

Considering high density In the development of modern large cities with a lack of space necessary to accommodate a heat source and accompanying supply lines for heating residential areas, the installation of rooftop boiler houses is without a doubt a very attractive solution. Although this also raises certain difficulties, both during the construction of the building itself and later during the operation of such boiler houses. They are mainly connected with the fact that our supervisory authorities, unfortunately, rely on the regulatory and technical framework developed back in the third quarter of the last century. While the revision, competent adjustment and adaptation to current conditions of outdated normative support in every sense will make it possible to more fully use Newest technologies and high-quality materials for the construction of new high-rise residential complexes.

The article was prepared based on materials from open sources.

Every year the cost utilities, be it electricity or, is growing rapidly. Unfortunately, this is happening both due to the usual inflation and rising energy prices, and because of the banal greed of service providers. That is why today more and more more people They are looking for an alternative that will allow them to reduce fees, which, apparently, will become simply unaffordable in a few years.

Autonomous boiler room in apartment building

And many people find a solution to this problem. One boiler room per apartment building is able to fully satisfy the needs of all residents, providing them with high-quality heating, as well as supply required quantity hot water. However, installing your own autonomous boiler room is an extremely serious decision that cannot be made without thinking everything through and weighing the pros and cons a hundred times. And to do this, you should know both the pros and cons of this solution.

So, you are thinking about the possibility of installing your own boiler room, which would heat the entire apartment building and supply hot water to each of the apartments. What advantages and disadvantages should you know about in order to make the right decision that will not make you regret it in the future?

First, it’s worth talking about the shortcomings, since there are significantly fewer of them.

This concludes the main disadvantages of an autonomous boiler room. Of course, they are very significant, which is why today not every home has a mini-boiler room installed. But still, the number of such mini boiler houses is growing rapidly. Why? Due to the following advantages of independent heating.

1. Complete independence from city monopolists in housing and communal services. Everyone knows very well that in every city there is only one company that provides heating and hot water services to residential apartment buildings. And they can increase the cost of their services almost uncontrollably. If you install your own boiler room, then the monopolists will no longer have leverage over you.
2. Reducing heat loss to a minimum. As practice shows, when passing through many kilometers of heating mains, the coolant (hot water) loses up to 30% of the heat received (depending on the distance from the city boiler house). Example of heat loss in an apartment building

   And end consumers also have to pay for this heat. In autonomous heating systems, heat loss is measured in fractions of a percent. So due to this, the payment is reduced by a third.

3. A boiler room that heats one house, not thousands, is easy to set up. If the apartments become too hot, you can easily reduce fuel consumption, and on frosty days - increase it. Thanks to this, the temperature in the rooms will always be optimal, suiting each of the inhabitants. There is no need to ventilate the premises, lowering the temperature and at the same time releasing heat to the street, for which a lot of money was paid. But at the same time, you won’t have to use additional heat sources (electric heaters) to maintain a sufficiently high temperature in the apartment.
   
4. To be contained in perfect order, it is enough to hire one dispatcher who monitors the readings of all instruments, as well as one or two visiting adjusters who are involved only when breakdowns are detected. If your house is connected to the city heating main, you will have to pay for the services of not only dozens (or even hundreds) of ordinary installers, but also hundreds of accountants, directors, their deputies, secretaries, drivers and many others. This also saves a lot of money.
5. In most cases, connected to the city heating plant, it starts from October 15 and ends by April 15. And even if autumn and spring turn out to be unusually cold or warm for a given area, no one will change the start and end dates of the heating season.
   Therefore, in the off-season, apartments are often too hot or too cold. The presence of an autonomous boiler room allows you to turn the heating on and off exactly when necessary. Most often, such decisions are made by the council of residents of the building. Of course, this allows you not only to reduce heating costs, but also to maintain optimal temperature indoors, regardless of the temperature outside the walls of the house.

What conclusion can be drawn from all of the above?

An autonomous boiler room needs more attention and constant care from residents or specially hired specialists.

But it allows you to save a lot of money every month. Therefore, all initial costs will be compensated quite quickly, and very soon you will notice that you have free money that previously went to pay utility bills.

Where should the boiler room be located?

A very serious issue is the correct location of the boiler room. Most often, in apartment buildings, boiler rooms are installed either on the roof or in the basement. provide for the presence of the latter only in the basement or.

True, sometimes you can also see boiler rooms located in small buildings located a few tens of meters from the house. This can be a good solution: there is no need to lift and install equipment on the roof of the building, but at the same time there is no threat of explosion due to fuel leakage and its accumulation in the basement of the building.

But still, this method is not very popular: the need for additional construction, pouring the foundation and carrying out a large amount of earthwork scares off many potential owners of autonomous heating boilers. Therefore, only two options are usually considered - a boiler on the roof and in the basement. And it’s worth talking about them in a little more detail.

What is good about a boiler room in the basement?

Installing a boiler room in the basement usually causes significantly less hassle and problems: there is no need to lift equipment weighing many centners onto the roof of a five-story (or higher) building. In addition, there is no need to carry out a series of complex calculations to determine whether the roof will withstand additional load, and if not, then how much and how best to strengthen the load-bearing structures.

However, there are certain restrictions: the boiler room in the basement should not operate on explosive fuel.

Therefore, gas and diesel boilers cannot be installed in the basement. The fact is that a fire and explosion of fuel tanks in the basement of a building threatens the integrity of the entire apartment building, as well as the life and health of the residents. Only solid fuel and electric boilers can be installed in the basement.

The latter is inconvenient due to the high cost of electricity: the cost of maintaining an electric heating boiler is almost impossible to recoup. Solid fuel ones are difficult to maintain: fuel (wood, coke, coal, peat) must be loaded manually, 2 to 4 times a day.

It is also worth noting that when installing a boiler room in the basement, serious problems may arise. Its top point should be higher than the house in the basement of which the boiler room is installed, as well as higher than the houses located nearby. Although some take this problem into account.

In this article, I want to cover the topic of installing a gas roof boiler room in an apartment building. Similar equipment was installed in the house of my husband’s parents, which allowed me to study in detail all the intricacies and features of the operation of the structure. I would like to note right away that this is the best option for reducing utility bills by almost 30%. To achieve a similar result and avoid possible violations, it is necessary to install the structure in full compliance with the special construction requirements specified in SNiP.

So, what are the categories and types of roof boiler houses, what advantages do these structures provide and how to install them correctly? I am an engineer by training. This will allow me to answer questions in as much detail as possible and in a language understandable to the average person.

The types of such boiler houses used are described in as much detail as possible in SNiP. In this technical documentation The basic requirements and standards for installation are also stated. Compliance with them makes it possible to install equipment on the roof of a modern urban building without any violations. On this moment There are two main types of boiler structures:

1. Built-in.
2. Block-modular.

For each a separate type structural and technical solution accepted individual rules installation and restrictions. In general, their installation provides such important benefits for residents and for the heating system as:

• Complete absence of costs for the construction of a separately located technical structure.
• No need to build tall pipe to remove smoke.
• Reducing the overall hydraulic load on boiler units.
• Ensuring a high level of safety in the operation of modern heating equipment.

Despite the large number of advantages, it is worthwhile to approach the decision to install a boiler room wisely. It is important to take into account the requirements specified in PPB and SNiP.

Block-modular roofing boiler rooms

A heating structure of this type represents a fully equipped and ready-to-use station. Necessary equipment and service devices are built into separate modules. There are even special rooms for the work of maintenance personnel.

Modular equipment is designed to minimize the total weight of the installed structure and the load on the roof of an apartment building. Installation of a block boiler room requires preliminary design and consists of the following steps:

• A special platform is being installed. It must rest on load-bearing parts of the walls and other structures of the house.
• Before installation, a professional inspection is carried out. Using it, you can determine the overall load-bearing capacity of the house structure and check the need to strengthen significant elements of the house.
• The structure is installed on a covering made of fire-resistant materials, on a pre-poured concrete pad. Its thickness should be 20 cm.
• Measures are being taken to ensure a high level of employee safety. Railings are being installed around the perimeter of the roof.
• Installation of soundproofing modules is required.

The construction of blocks is optimal for houses in which it was not initially planned to install such a heating system.

Built-in boiler rooms

The structures are installed if the installation of such a station was envisaged at the design stage. The equipment initially takes into account the loads placed on load-bearing walls, fire safety has been thought out and other rules and conditions for proper operation have been observed.

It is much easier to draw up and then approve the developed project for such a boiler house than for a modular one. Noise-absorbing, sound-proofing, as well as basic anti-vibration operations are carried out during the construction of walls and during finishing work. This significantly increases their overall level of effectiveness.

Built-in boiler rooms are very rare. They are installed in new houses built within the last 5 years.

Boilers for heating structures

On the roofs of modern cities apartment buildings You can install only those boilers that meet the requirements of SNiP II-35-76. This equipment is different high level work automation. Without the mandatory presence of employees around the clock, you can organize the ideal level of home heating.

When choosing modern heating system boilers, preference should be given to equipment from European companies:

• Futera;
• Wessex;
• Viessmann;
• Protherm;
• Vaillant;
• Lochinvar.

When choosing the best option, you must rely on the level of thermal power of the device and the availability of appropriate licenses. Boilers must be registered with Rostekhnadzor. This confirms the complete adaptation of the devices to operating conditions in the Russian Federation.

Standards for gas boiler house projects

Design standards are regulated by the conditions prescribed in SNiP. They are constantly supplemented and changed, as new technologies appear and modern modified equipment is produced. The requirements cover the four most important areas - gas supply, location, compliance with safety regulations and standard electrical supply. Here are the basic rules for drawing up a boiler room project:

1. Installation of technical structures on the floors of residential premises is prohibited.
2. Close contact of equipment to apartment walls is strictly prohibited.
3. You can only operate a station that is completely autonomous from the building.
4. It is imperative to install an alarm system and a special system that gives signals in the event of a complex emergency situation.

The height of installed chimneys above the roof of the building must be at least 0.5 meters relative to the highest part of the building. It may vary depending on the buildings nearby and their inherent technical characteristics.

Requirements for houses and roofs

The regulations specify restrictions on the installation of boiler rooms for houses of the following categories:

1. Public. It is prohibited to place equipment above rooms where more than 50 people are simultaneously present. We are talking about children's institutions, clinics and hospitals.
2. Apartment buildings. It is prohibited to install stations with a total power above 3 mW here.

Built-in boiler rooms are also limited in power. There is a ban on the installation of equipment whose thermal power is more than 15% of general need. There are several restrictions that are mandatory:

• The total installation height should not exceed the required 26.5 meters, which is equal to a 9-story building.
• The size of the structure should not exceed the dimensions of the house.
• It is not allowed to increase the width of the walls and re-equip the roof to reduce the load on the main load-bearing walls.
• Installation of a boiler room is carried out only after examination and certain reconstructions.

Any deviation from the established requirements will lead to refusal to install the boiler room. The ban will remain in effect until the identified violations are completely eliminated.

Gas supply to the structure

There are several rules for the design and installation of gas structures:

• The permitted pressure in the line does not exceed 5 kPa.
• The gas pipeline is routed along the outside of the house; tapping is not allowed.
• The pipes are exposed and it is not permitted to cover them with removable panels or gratings.
• The place where the gas supply is regulated and turned off must be illuminated and equipped with shut-off and control valves.
• It is planned to install purge pipes with a diameter of at least 20 cm.

In these boiler rooms, installation of heating coolant with a temperature of no more than 115 degrees is allowed. Hot water is supplied through a separately located closed scheme using an installed heat exchanger.

The DHW installation must not intersect with the gas pipeline. This is required by security conditions.

Boiler room power supply

According to standard classification power supply, roof boiler houses in terms of reliability should belong to the second class. To comply with this rule, the following rules must be followed:

1. Grounding provided gas equipment and the heating system connected to it.
2. The lighting of the system is organized using completely sealed lamps equipped with a metal mesh.
3. It is necessary to organize backup power supply. It will connect when there is a power outage.

It is necessary to have a switchboard where you can disconnect the equipment from the power supply. It must be located outside the structure.

Commissioning - basic requirements

According to the rules of the standard technical operation, commissioning of the boiler room is divided into two main activities:

1. Preparation of design documents and their approval.
2. Carrying out required technical and installation operations.

When installing a boiler room, work is carried out to ensure sound insulation and full compliance with safety regulations. After this, personnel are selected. Employees undergo relevant courses, after which they receive a license.

A bilateral agreement must be concluded with the residents of the house for the maintenance of the installed boiler room. Compilation project documentation and official approvals are carried out by the contractor who built the building or an authorized representative of the management company.

Installation cost

The material component of equipment installation is automatically assigned to the residents. The cost depends on a large number of factors:

• Category of the selected boiler. TO budget options devices can be attributed to Polish and Italian manufacturers. More expensive options include boilers from German manufacturers Viessmann and Buderus.
• The need for additional work. The cost will increase if it is necessary to install a high-quality fire extinguishing system, provide sound insulation and provide power supply.
• Registration of insurance. This important condition for commissioning.

On average, the cost of all equipment is 5-10 million rubles. The amount of the contribution varies and depends on the number of residents and the power level of the installed heating equipment.

Summing up

As a conclusion, it is worth once again highlighting the advantages provided by installing a rooftop boiler room. The main positive factor is the reduction in monthly payments due to the lack of intermediary services and the need to compensate for possible heat losses. The heating season begins when appropriate weather conditions occur and does not depend on a specific date.

The total cash costs for high-quality heating of apartments are reduced by approximately 30%, and the batteries in apartments are truly hot during the cold season, which provides residents optimal level comfort.

Recently, one can increasingly hear about the desire to save energy resources and the rise in fuel prices.

The amount of savings in fuel and energy resources and material resources spent on providing heat to consumers will directly depend on the method of heat supply.

How can heat supply be provided to multi-apartment residential buildings?

There are two options - to power the heat pipes from the main heating networks or to install an autonomous heating point.

Both options are good, but having an individual heating point for several apartment buildings, autonomous heating using energy-saving means will be more pleasing. Why?

Because the distance between the “heating point - consumer” pair is minimized, thereby reducing heat losses along the heating network line. This type of heating is called decentralized or autonomous.

A lower percentage of costs for heating and hot water supply of an apartment building - and all because the costs of transportation and delivery of coolant to the end consumer are reduced.

Simply put, the heat supply source is practically nearby, which reduces both the time it takes to supply heat to residential buildings and the percentage of heat losses. This results in a reduction in the costs of maintenance, service and repair of heating systems.

The efficiency of heat supply systems – as a consequence, follows from the previous factor. Since the source of heat supply is nearby, the cost of utility bills for hot water supply and heating is somewhat lower.

Independence from the citywide heating schedule. In other words, while heating has not yet been provided in the city (“because it has not yet arrived”) heating season according to schedule"), and on the street already low temperature, apartment-by-apartment heat supply from an autonomous heat source will come in very handy.

In addition, each consumer will be able to choose the optimal temperature conditions– turn off/on the heating system only for your apartment, adjusting the level of heat supply.

In this case, there are no connection problems due to “technical” or seasonal reasons.

Lower cost and higher return on investment for new buildings with an autonomous heat supply source.

A separate boiler room in each house will increase the free space in the yard. Click to enlarge.

This is more likely to benefit developers, because in the case of “traditional” construction of an apartment building, one has to spend quite a lot of time on obtaining permission to connect a new building to a centralized heating network and install a meter (which is mandatory for any new building today).

The presence of “additional free space” within the entire microdistrict. This also contributes to the implementation of housing programs, the construction of new buildings and the development of microdistricts not for heating mains, but for the infrastructure of the districts.

In addition, providing apartment buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply is also possible if the construction area already has an established gas supply system.

Flaws

However, along with the advantages that consumers of decentralized heating and hot water have, there are a number of disadvantages:

1. The need for additional space allocated for the construction of an autonomous boiler house.
2. Unecological operation of the boiler room. For a gas boiler house operating autonomously, it will be necessary to additionally equip an exhaust gas removal system in order to reduce smoke emissions into the atmosphere as much as possible, obtaining the MPC (maximum permissible concentration) value required by SNiP.
3. Price. Since autonomous heating today is not yet as popular and in demand as centralized heating systems, the production of boiler equipment for it has not been put on the conveyor belt. Consequently, prices for decentralized heating and hot water systems are still high.

Is it possible to eliminate the above disadvantages completely or at least reduce them to a minimum? Can. Additional area under an autonomous boiler room can be “found” on the roof multi-storey building which will be heated.

The “salt” is that the so-called roof boiler houses require flat roofs for your installation.

An increasing number of new buildings are already equipped with a roof boiler room with equipment installed on top and overhead piping.

Of course, the installation of additional equipment will cost, and the decentralized heat supply itself to one apartment building is not cheap, but it will all pay off faster than if the house was simply connected to a centralized heat supply system.

Types of decentralized heat supply

Another example of autonomous heating of a multi-storey residential building is a block boiler room, consisting of a separate module. Block or modular boiler rooms can be transported because they are delivered in the form of containers.

The use of modular boiler rooms in an apartment building. Click to enlarge.

Their implementation does not require the construction of a new building specifically for boiler equipment– the entire installation is already “enclosed” in a container, moreover, the module is thermally insulated, and assembly is carried out directly at the manufacturer.

Previously, such blocks were used as heating systems for temporary structures (cabins), but now they are offered (after a number of modifications) as an alternative to centralized heating.

But most the best option autonomous heating is an apartment heating system powered by main gas pipeline or through the power supply network (depending on the type of boiler), the “core” of which is a wall-mounted boiler (gas or electric).

Why wall-mounted? Because wall-mounted boilers have a number of advantages:

1. Easy to install, easy to hang on the wall using a set of fasteners (fasteners must be supplied with the boiler equipment)
2. They are light in weight and small in size, do not take up much space in the room
3. Given their size, they have good power (10-25 kW) and are able to heat a room up to 100 m2 - and this is quite enough for one four-room apartment
4. Available in both single- and double-circuit

If the apartment owner plans to install a wall-mounted gas boiler as heating equipment, then he should check the completeness of the equipment, namely:

1. Boiler with two circuits (working for both space heating and domestic hot water)
2. Combustion chamber – closed type
3. Availability of a fan to ensure forced draft(intake of fresh air from the street) and removal of combustion products through the chimney pipe
4. Pump for forced circulation coolant
5. Electronic ignition and full automation – for rational use fuel

An additional advantage in autonomous heat supply It can be considered possible to install a “warm floor” system - provided that the insertion of an additional pipe for coolant intake does not affect the pressure level in the system.

In the case of an electric boiler, which also operates according to a dual-circuit scheme (heating + providing the consumer with hot water), there will be much fewer difficulties: you will only have to obtain permission to allocate an additional power supply line, plus agree on the connection of a direct and return pipes into the general water supply system.

The only exception will be electrode boilers without heating elements that heat running water.

Possible complications

If everything is so simple and easy, why are apartment owners in no hurry to re-equip their heating systems? The answer is simple: there is no permission to re-equip the heating supply.

Not a single housing company will give an apartment owner permission to re-equip the heating system “just like that.” And all because, as mentioned above, the costs of maintaining and repairing the heating system will be reduced.

It follows that the owner of an apartment with converted heating will pay less, and this is no longer profitable for the management company.

Another question is if there are several families in several apartments who want to re-equip the heating of the house, making it autonomous, and even better - residents in several nearby houses.

But in this case, the transition to autonomous heating may be associated with such difficulties as obtaining permission to carry out all construction and installation work - and all this at the expense of the willing initiating owners.

Finally, I would like to note that it is advisable to entrust all work on installing autonomous heating in an apartment building to professionals who have the appropriate licenses to carry out work of this kind. Even if you just want to install a regular wall-mounted boiler at home.

An installed gas roof boiler room in an apartment building provides significant cost savings, reducing heating and utility costs by approximately 30%. At the same time, the structure must comply construction requirements, set out in , as well as the specially released addition P1-03 .

Types and arrangement of roof boiler houses

The standards separately stipulate the possibility of operating a boiler room of built-in and block-modular type. Each type of technical and design solution has its own limitations and features. In general, placing boiler equipment on the roof has several advantages:

• There are no costs for the construction of a separate technical building.
• There is no need to build a high chimney.
• The safety of operating heating equipment increases.

Block-modular roof boiler houses

The following steps are required for installation:

• A platform is installed, supported by load-bearing walls and other building structures. Before installation, an examination is carried out aimed at determining bearing capacity and identifying measures to strengthen structurally significant elements of the building.
• The covering under the boiler room is made from non-combustible materials. As a rule, a concrete pad with a thickness of 20 cm is poured for this.
• Separate measures are provided to ensure safety (manufacture of railings around the perimeter of the roof) and increase the sound insulation of the modules.

Installation of block-modular heating equipment requires the preparation of a separate project and is suitable for buildings in which it was not initially planned to heat the premises in this way.

A modular boiler house is a fully equipped thermal station, ready for operation. All equipment is built into the module. The BMK is additionally equipped with rooms for service personnel.

Built-in roof boiler rooms

It is much easier to produce and approve a project for a built-in boiler room. Soundproofing, noise-absorbing and anti-vibration measures are carried out simultaneously with the construction of walls and finishing works, which significantly increases their efficiency. In fact, built-in boiler rooms are provided extremely rarely, mainly in new houses, the construction of which began in the last 5 years.

Rooftop boilers

Domestic thermal units, for all their advantages, are not autonomous. Therefore, the choice mainly falls on products from Italian, German and other European manufacturers:

• Futera.
• Rendamax.
• Wessex.
• Viessmann.
• Buderus.
• Protherm.
• Ferroli.
• Vaillant.
• Lochinvar.

When choosing a suitable boiler, focus on thermal power, availability of registration and license issued by Rostechnadzor, adaptation to domestic operating conditions and cost.

Standards for the design of rooftop boiler houses operating on gas

The basic requirements and standards for the design of rooftop boiler houses remain the same and include the following provisions:

• Installation not allowed technical room directly on the ceiling of living rooms.
• It is prohibited to connect the boiler room to the walls of residential premises.
• Operation of a fully autonomous station is allowed.
• It is mandatory to have an alarm system and a system that sends a signal to shut down in the event of an emergency. emergency situations.

The minimum height of chimney pipes above the roof is not less than 0.5 m above the highest point of the building and structures installed on top. The type of heat generator and its power are taken into account. The lifting height of the pipe may vary depending on nearby buildings and other technical characteristics.

The specified SNiPs affect four important areas of design, requirements for: placement, gas supply, electrical supply and compliance with safety regulations.

Requirements for roofs for boiler rooms

• Public buildings– it is prohibited to place a built-in boiler room above rooms with a simultaneous occupancy rate of more than 50 people. Hospitals, clinics, sanatoriums, schools, nurseries, etc. are subject to the ban.
• Apartment buildings- the standards regulating the operation of a boiler house in an apartment building indicate a direct prohibition of installing a station exceeding the total thermal power of 3 mW.
  Power restrictions also affect built-in thermal stations. General rule– a ban on exceeding thermal power by more than 15% of the total heat demand of the building.

• Height limit– in the old SNiP II-35-76 (designers still refer to it), there is a limit on the height of the building on which the installation of a roof boiler room is allowed. The maximum height is 26.5 m, which is equivalent to a 9-story building. In the joint venture currently in force, height restrictions are not specified at all.
• Size restrictions– the boiler room should not exceed the size of the building itself. It is not allowed to increase the width of the walls and other measures related to the re-equipment of the roof and an increase in the weight load on the load-bearing walls.
• Location restrictions– roof-mounted gas boiler houses for apartment buildings, installed only after an examination and implementation of strengthening measures load-bearing structures. Installation on floor slabs or placement next to the walls of residential premises is not allowed.

Gas supply to the boiler room located on the roof

• The pressure in the line should not exceed 5 kPa.
• The gas pipeline is carried out along external wall building. Tapping into a pipe to connect other sources of gas consumption is not allowed.
• The laying of the gas pipeline along the roof and walls must be open. No closure allowed main pipeline gratings, removable and non-removable structures.
• To regulate the flow and turn off the gas supply, shut-off and control valves are installed at the main line entry into the house and at the connection of each heat generator. At the installation site of the fittings, artificial lighting is required.
• Purge pipelines with a diameter of at least 20 mm are provided.

Separately, taking into account gas supply, a thermal scheme is developed:

• Heating - a dependent circuit is used, which provides a mixing unit for heat release. A separate thermal arrow is installed on each facade or zone of the building. In a roof boiler room, the coolant temperature should be no more than 115°C.
• DHW – for hot water supply, installation of a separate heat generator is allowed. Hot water is supplied in a closed circuit using heat exchangers.

Electrical supply to the boiler room on the roof

The following measures are provided:

• Lightning protection - the project is developed with the standards described in. At the same time, both the gas pipelines themselves and the heating equipment connected to it.
• Lighting is carried out using sealed lamps with a metal protective mesh.
• The need for backup power supply to the roof boiler room is provided. In the event of a power outage, it is necessary to provide power to turn on the backup circulation pump and ensure the operation of the automation, alarm and warning systems.
• To disconnect the boiler room from the power supply, a switchboard is installed, located outside the premises of the thermal station.

Fire extinguishing of a roof boiler room

“...A building with a height of more than 12 m, not equipped with an internal fire-fighting water supply system for supplying water for fire extinguishing, and having a roof boiler room, must be equipped with a “dry pipe” leading to the roof with fire hose heads with a diameter of 70 mm.”

If an internal fire extinguishing system is provided, the boiler room is equipped with two taps with a diameter of 50 mm.

There are several specific fire safety requirements to premises for placing a roof-top gas boiler room in an apartment building, including the following recommendations:

All requirements are aimed at minimizing the occurrence of possible emergency situations, therefore, in some cases, local supervisory authorities may recommend additional safety measures. Before starting the preparation of project documentation, you should contact the regulatory authorities for clarification of the provisions stipulated in SNiP, PPB and SP.

Commissioning of a roof boiler room

1. Preparation of design documentation and approvals.
2. Carrying out technical work on the installation and arrangement of a thermal station.

• Measures aimed at shock absorption and noise insulation - noise pollution is not allowed to exceed 60 dBA inside the boiler room and 35 dBA in nearby residential areas. The result is achieved in two ways:
  1. selection of heating and other equipment equipped with soundproof casings.
  2. carrying out work to install noise-absorbing and vibration-reducing barriers.
• Organization and implementation of work on maintenance– personnel undergo special training and receive the appropriate license. After installation of boiler equipment, it is allowed to conclude an agreement with residents for the maintenance of boilers and related equipment.

The preparation of design documentation and approvals falls entirely on the shoulders of the contractor constructing the building, or on the representative of the housing cooperative, who authorized him to draw up the necessary documents.

Cost of a boiler room on the roof

• Type of boiler selected– the boiler room is assembled and equipped at the request of the customer. Budget versions are equipped with boilers from Italian and Polish manufacturers. The most expensive station will be the one equipped with German Viessmann boilers, Buderus.
• Additional work– in addition to installing a boiler room, measures are taken to eliminate structural noise, install a fire extinguishing system, power supply, etc. Total costs will increase by approximately 30% compared to the cost of the thermal plant.
• Boiler house insurance– annual costs for purchasing an insurance policy are mandatory, without which it will be impossible to put a rooftop boiler room into operation.

The total cost, including the preparation of design documentation and obtaining all necessary approvals, costs 5-10 million rubles, depending on the number of residents and the selected power of the heating equipment.

Roof boiler room - pros and cons

When determining whether a rooftop boiler room is a viable option for heating a residential building, the advantages and disadvantages are considered separately. Pay attention to the opinions of experts and reviews of consumers themselves.

Advantages of a boiler room on the roof

• Supply of coolant and hot water to multi-storey building from a rooftop gas boiler room, carried out directly to the building on which the station is installed. This leads to a reduction in heat loss when delivering coolant from the boiler room to the consumer. There is no need to pay for heat losses that exist with centralized city heating.
• Due to the complete automation of the heating process, the fee for maintaining the boiler room is reduced to a minimum. If necessary, an agreement is concluded with a contractor who simultaneously services several thermal stations.
• The heating season begins when necessary, and is not equated to a specific date.
• High safety - the gas boiler room is designed in such a way as to ensure maximum operational safety. The prevention of emergency situations is facilitated by many requirements and approvals that boiler equipment undergoes before it is put into operation.

Disadvantages of roof-mounted boiler houses

• Installation restrictions - for a roof boiler room, the number of storeys allowed is no higher than 9 standard floors. As mentioned above, this requirement can be challenged, but this does not always work out in practice.
• Problems with vibration - powerful circulation pumps, the boiler contains turbines that produce high-intensity noise and vibration. And this significant shortcomings for residents of the top floor.
• High cost - production and purchase of design documentation, noise insulation work, etc., will cost 5-10 million rubles. To save money, they order a turnkey boiler room.
• Disadvantages of rooftop boiler houses at the regulatory level - as already indicated, many officials in design organizations cite outdated building codes as the main requirements. To “convince” them may require repeated appeals to the courts. It all depends on the region where the documents are processed and the officials themselves.