What is cheaper to make a partition in an apartment from? Interior partitions: what is best to make from, choice of material and construction technology. Choosing partitions for the bathroom

The space of any apartment or private house consists of separate functional volumes - living rooms and auxiliary premises - kitchen, bathroom and storage room.

To create them, partitions are required - wall structures various configurations. They are usually built simultaneously with the construction of external walls.

However, when reconstructing premises, very often there is a need to change internal layout. This problem cannot be solved without dismantling old partitions and installing new ones. Therefore, we should consider in more detail the question of what can be used to make a partition so that it is durable, absorbs noise well and looks aesthetically pleasing.

Materials and designs of wall partitions

Red brick has long been the main building material for partitions. The structure made from it was strong and rigid, however, in terms of its heat and sound insulating qualities it was imperfect.

In addition, laying small-sized bricks is very labor-intensive and impossible without experience and practical skills. The large weight of the brickwork requires the construction of a strong concrete foundation or a powerful foundation in the form reinforced concrete slab ceilings

Gradually, bricks in partition structures began to be replaced with lighter ones made of gypsum. They have a large surface area and a locking system of connections, so they are assembled several times faster than brickwork.

High sound permeability – significant drawback all gypsum boards had to be removed using sound-absorbing plaster or sheet materials fibrous structure.

Today, in addition to brick and gypsum boards, foam and aerated concrete blocks, polycarbonate, plasterboard, chipboard and plywood are used for the construction of partitions. The appropriateness of using each specific material is determined depending on the properties that the partition should have.

Gas silicate and foam concrete blocks

If you require high thermal insulation ability and strength, then it is best to make the partition one-piece. They are optimally suited for this.

Can also be used for this job, but it doesn't finish as well plaster solutions, because it has a closed cell structure.

Manufacturers of cellular concrete today produce blocks with a thickness of 10 to 15 cm, specially designed for the installation of lightweight interior partitions.

It should be noted that expanded clay concrete blocks are also used in partition structures. However, they are almost twice as heavy as aerated concrete and insulate noise worse.

When building a partition from gypsum slabs, expanded clay blocks, gas or foam concrete, you need to pay attention Special attention quality of fastening to the base and ceiling of the first and last row masonry In addition, a tape of fibrous soundproofing material must be laid at the joints with the floor, ceiling and walls in order to cut off structural noise from the partition.

The blocks are laid with ligation of seams along the height. This guarantees the solidity and strength of the structure.

Frame partitions

You can quickly and efficiently build interior partitions using frame technology. Its basis is usually a light steel profile, and plasterboard is used as cladding.

You can reduce the cost of such a design by purchasing a steel profile instead wooden blocks. You need to choose only the smoothest and most well-dried wood, without defects in the form of falling knots, blue stains and cross-layers. Otherwise, the wooden frame will be deformed and cracks will appear on the surface of the drywall.

An important advantage of frame partitions is the ease of insulation and thermal insulation. In the internal space of such structures, you can place any type of insulation (mineral wool, ecowool, polystyrene foam, sawdust or shavings).

When choosing polystyrene foam, remember that it retains heat well, but is not an effective sound insulator. Therefore, to reduce noise levels, use fibrous materials in partitions - ecowool or mineral wool.

In addition to plasterboard sheets for covering the frame, you can purchase more durable materials - plywood or chipboard. Possessing high rigidity and low weight, they are inferior to plasterboard in terms of ease of finishing.

For application on such surfaces, you need to use fiberglass mesh, and when wallpapering, use high-quality adhesives.

Polycarbonate

In order to make the walls in the house transparent to sunlight, you can use polycarbonate. Unlike ordinary glass, this material is injury-proof and lightweight.

Polycarbonate partitions are easy to assemble and durable in use. In addition, sheets of honeycomb structure retain heat well and have sound insulating qualities. They are optimally suited for creating sliding structures that can be used to transform the interior space of a room.

The wide range of colors and aesthetic appearance of polycarbonate sheets make it the base material for interior decoration in the most modern style. A polycarbonate partition made of aluminum profiles can have any shape, so it naturally fits into the most complex layout.

Sandwich panels

These structures are usually used for installing partitions in prefabricated buildings with a steel load-bearing frame. The external surfaces of the “sandwich” are made of galvanized painted steel, with foam or polyurethane foam insulation 8-10 cm thick placed inside.

IN residential buildings, which are built using the so-called “Canadian technology”, install ready-made sandwich partitions from OSB boards, inside of which there is polystyrene foam insulation.

Despite good performance energy saving and environmental friendliness of such structures, especially when installed inside residential premises, still causes a lot of heated discussions.

Wood partitions

Here you need to highlight the frame structures and completely wooden partitions. The best place to install them is in a house made of timber or rounded logs. Here wooden structure will be appropriate and aesthetically pleasing even without additional external decor.

To cover a wooden frame, you can use clapboard or blockhouse, selecting the material for the main finishing load-bearing walls. Sheathing process frame structure is not difficult even for beginners, since all facing molded wood products have tongue-and-groove joints.

To eliminate the risk of wood warping, the choice of material must be taken responsibly, choosing products not natural humidity, but chamber drying and high grade (not lower than the first). When assembling such a partition, use special clamps, and not self-tapping screws, which spoil the appearance of the surface.

Before starting assembly, do not forget to treat the frame bars and all facing material with a special compound that will protect it from fire and dampness.

The construction of internal partitions from timber has no fundamental differences from chopped walls. It is best to use profiled material for this work. It fits very tightly into a common mass and does not warp as much as wood without tongue-and-groove cutting of the joining planes.

In the area of ​​contact of the beam with the outer wooden wall It is necessary to use fastening steel plates. They will increase the spatial rigidity of the entire structure and will not spoil the appearance, since they will be hidden between the beams in a layer of fiber sealant.

Making a cut into an existing one wooden wall in a built house is impractical. This will significantly complicate the work and reduce the energy-saving characteristics of the external fence.

This article will help you understand the variety of materials for the construction of interior partitions and find optimal solution just for you. She will talk about the features of working with various materials and the technology of their installation.

Introduction

A partition is a wall dividing the interior space of a house into separate rooms. Not only a fixed wall, but also various sliding structures and screens can act as a partition.

The design of the partitions that you plan to build in your home depends on the requirements for them. If you plan to partition the space for a long time and the separation must provide reliable heat and sound insulation, then use a strong supporting structure. In other cases, you can get by with easily disassembled or movable partitions.

Types of interior partitions

An excellent option for zoning space are various transforming partitions - sliding, sliding, folding soft and hard casements. They can be installed anywhere, for example, to separate the kitchen and the dining room, the bedroom and the dressing room, the hallway and the living room.

Sliding interior partition

Sliding rigid hinged interior partition

Screen

Screens are often used in modern interiors. They help zone your space and decorate the room. Screens are cheaper than other types of partitions.

The strongest partition is a stationary one, that is, a wall that allows you to isolate a room from other rooms. These are brick, wooden, partitions made of glass blocks, tongue-and-groove slabs and cellular concrete. We’ll talk about them in more detail in this article.

Brick interior partition

Interior partition made of wood

Interior partition made of glass blocks

Interior partition made of cellular concrete

Brick partitions

Advantages:

• Brick partitions have good soundproofing properties. For example: brick partitions made of solid red brick, plastered on both sides, have the following noise insulation index values: wall with two bricks (thickness with plaster 530 mm) = 60 dB; wall with one brick (thickness with plaster 280 mm) = 54 dB; half-brick wall (thickness with plaster 150 mm) = 47 dB. Wherein normal value The noise insulation index for interior partitions should be at least 52 dB.

• Brick is a moisture-resistant material, but if you are building a partition in the bathroom, it is better to use solid brick.

Flaws:

• Significant weight of the partition: 1 m2 weighs about 280 kg, with a partition thickness of 1/2 of a solid brick.

• Another disadvantage: Mandatory plastering of the surface before final finishing and more long time construction compared to other technologies.

Construction technology: Brick partitions in a house are most often made of half (120 mm) or quarter bricks (65 or 88 mm). If you are laying a partition in a quarter of a brick and its length exceeds 1.5 m, then you need to use wire with a diameter of 4-6 mm for reinforcement. This is done by laying wire horizontally through every 3-4 rows of bricks.

Brickwork

Masonry mortar: 5 parts sand and 1 part cement. For every 2 kg of the resulting mixture, add 1 liter of water. For correct calculation amount of mortar, keep in mind that installing 20 blocks of brick requires about 40 kg of sand.

Brickwork: Pick up a brick and apply a layer of mortar approximately 10 mm thick to its surface. Press the brick against the floor and wall. Apply the mortar to the second brick and press it against the first. Now, using a trowel, remove excess mortar and check whether the blocks are installed at the same level and strictly vertically. This must be done after laying each row of bricks. At first next row install half a brick to form a regular bandage and so on through each row. Raw brickwork It is very unstable, so it is better to lay it out no more than 1.5 meters in one stage.

After laying the bricks, the partitions are plastered on both sides, rubbed down, preparing for painting and cladding. ceramic tiles or wallpapering.

Approximate cost: The price for 1 m2 of brickwork will cost you $10 and more. Work - from 7 dollars per 1 m2.

Partitions made of tongue-and-groove slabs

The construction of partitions from tongue-and-groove slabs (hereinafter referred to as GGP) is simple and relatively quick way construction of partitions. The speed of construction of partitions from these elements is 6-8 times higher than from brick. The mass of the partition is 4 times less than that of a brick one.

The slabs are made from building gypsum. They have joining and supporting surfaces, that is, a groove and a tongue. Tongue-and-groove slabs Available in two sizes: 600x500x100 mm or 500x300x100 mm.

Advantages:

• According to SNiP 201.02-85 " Fire regulations"GGP partitions with a thickness of 100 mm have a fire resistance limit of 2.5 hours, a fire spread limit of 0 cm.

• Partitions made from foam concrete slabs are odorless, moisture-resistant, durable, not susceptible to infection by putrefactive bacteria and fungi, they “breathe” well and regulate indoor humidity.

• Partitions made from PGP correspond to regulatory requirements sound insulation (41 dB with a single design and up to 60 dB with a double design).

• PGP is easy to saw and process, and electrical wiring and pipes are recessed into grooves, made with simple hand tools.

• A partition made of tongue-and-groove elements does not require plastering of the surface, and only the application of finishing materials is proposed.

Flaws:

Cannot withstand heavy structures. Pictures, mirrors and other light objects weighing up to 30 kg are attached to the partition with screws and dowels, heavy objects (cabinets, shelves, etc.) - using anchors. For loads from 30 kg/cm to 100 kg/cm, bolts passing through the entire thickness of the partition are used.

Installation technology: Tongue-and-groove slabs are easy to install, easy to saw and process. Partitions made from PGP are not placed on concrete base floors, and on the finished floor screed before applying finishing coatings. When working with slabs, use Fugenfüller type putty or any adhesive for installation as an assembly adhesive. installation of PGP slabs

Installation: Apply the prepared solution to the base of the walls and floor at the junction of the slabs. After 30 minutes you can begin installation. The ridge of the first row of slabs must be cut off and installed with this side down. Apply mortar to the top side with the groove and the sides and begin laying the first row. We press each plate using a rubber hammer. Remove any excess glue using a spatula. When laying the next row, the solution is applied to the groove of the previous row and to the sides. Complete the high partition in several stages of 4-5 rows, allowing the glue to harden.

Partition made of tongue-and-groove slabs

Approximate cost: The approximate cost of one slab measuring 600x500x100 = 2 dollars. 1 m2 of wall contains 5.5 elements, therefore the cost of 1 m2 is from $10 and above. The cost of work is from 3-4 dollars per 1 m2.

Partitions made of cellular concrete

Cellular concrete is produced by foaming cement mortar. The standard block size is 200x250x60 mm.

Advantages:

• The fire resistance limit of a wall made of 60 mm thick blocks is 150 minutes.

• the air enclosed in the pores of cellular concrete gives the blocks good thermal insulation characteristics (0.14 W/mC).

• The standard block has a mass of 18 kg. For example: one such block can replace up to 15 bricks, the mass of which is about 70 kg, therefore installation from blocks is less labor-intensive than from bricks.

• Partitions made from blocks have good sound insulation: a 100 mm thick structure has a sound insulation index (Rw) of 35-37 dB, a 125 mm thick structure has 44-46 dB, and a partition that is another 25 mm thick has a sound insulation index (Rw) of 55-57 dB.

Flaws:

• Low air permeability and rather high labor intensity of construction.

Installation technology: When laying partitions made of cellular concrete, they can be used as sand-cement mixture, and ordinary tile adhesive.

Installation: A layer of mortar is applied to the base of the future partition and the laying of the first row of blocks begins. It is necessary to constantly check the uniformity of the masonry horizontally and vertically using a level. The next row of slabs is installed by coating the joining surfaces with glue and bandaging the slabs of the previous row (at the beginning of the row we install only half of the block).

The partition made of cellular concrete blocks is secured using metal reinforcement inserted into drilled hole load-bearing wall and seam of horizontal masonry blocks. Fastening to the floor can also be done using metal profiles.

Fastening the interior partition from cellular concrete blocks

Approximate cost: On average, the price for one block is $1 or more. When purchasing, pay attention to the brand of blocks. The values ​​D500 and D600 are the most suitable for the construction of interior partitions, and the D350 grade has a lower density and, accordingly, does not provide structural strength. The cost of work will cost you from 6-8 dollars per 1 m2.

Glass block partitions

Modern glass blocks are easy to assemble, reliable in operation and original design, which will allow you to bring any designer’s idea to life. Glass block is a kind of transparent “bricks” made of thick glass (6-10 mm). The standard sizes of glass blocks are 190x190x80 mm and 240x240x80 mm, but corner and half elements are also produced. The surface of the block can be smooth, corrugated, transparent, matte and even colored. A pattern of small pieces of colored glass can be applied to the surface of the glass. From them you can lay out real panels with images of landscapes, flowers, or abstract drawings.

Advantages:

• Partitions made from glass blocks look very impressive and have a number of advantages: sufficient strength, fire resistance, heat and sound insulation qualities (54 dB), durability.
• One of the main distinctive qualities of glass blocks is light transmittance. For transparent blocks it is 75-80%, for colored and matte blocks it is 30-50%. And the patterns from the blocks give an extraordinary light and shadow pattern.

• Glass blocks tolerate temperature changes from -40 to +50 degrees. And in case of fire, they prevent the spread of fire and smoke for 1-2 hours.

• Glass blocks do not absorb odors and do not accumulate dirt. Easy to clean with glass cleaner.

Flaws:

• It is impossible to lay inside such walls and partitions various communications(for example: electrical wiring or sewerage).
• It is impossible to hang anything on a wall made of blocks (for example: paintings, shelves, etc.).
• Such a glass block cannot be cut or sawn during installation; in this case, a half-block is used.

Installation of glass block partitions

Laying glass blocks is not an easy task, especially for a beginner. To fasten the blocks together, cement mortars that do not contain large grains of sand or “liquid nails” are used.

There are several ways to lay glass blocks: cement-adhesive mortar, in modular cells or in prepared niches in the wall.

The first method is similar to brickwork. This method is the most labor-intensive and time-consuming. The base for masonry must be level, free of dirt and dust. The first row is laid out level so that the wall is level. Plastic crosses are installed between the blocks to obtain even seams. It is not recommended to lay out more than three rows per day, as the lower raw seams can “move” from the weight. Glass block masonry must be reinforced with a metal rod with a diameter of 6 mm. To do this, rods are placed vertically and horizontally every two blocks.

First row of glass block masonry

Installation of plastic crosses for laying glass blocks

Reinforcement of glass block masonry

The second method of installing glass blocks is faster than the first. Grids with cells made of wood, MDF or plastic are attached to the floor, walls and ceiling. And then they fill them with blocks, fixing them with rubber pads or sealant.

Niches in the walls made of glass blocks look impressive. To do this you need to drill a hole in the wall. the right size. But in this case, the thickness of the block and the wall are the same, so on one side the blocks will be slightly recessed. Installation of blocks can be done using sealant or “liquid nails”.

Approximate cost of the material.

The cheapest glass blocks are industrial. Their price is approximately 40-60 rubles per piece. Colored blocks are more expensive - from 160 rubles per piece. And probably the most expensive blocks are those with fusing (adding patterns by sintering colored glass). The price of such blocks is at least 1,500 thousand rubles per piece. The cost of the work will cost you at least 20-25 dollars per m2.

Frame type partitions

Plasterboard interior partition

A plasterboard partition is plasterboard sheets that completely cover the racks and are mounted on a metal frame on both sides.

Advantages:

• The values ​​of sound insulation indices for a partition on a single frame, sheathed with 12 mm gypsum board sheets on both sides (95 mm thick) = 37 dB. And for the same partition, but sheathed with two sheets of plasterboard, the sound insulation index is 45 dB.

• Light weight - 25-50 kg/m2 (for moisture-resistant drywall this figure is higher).

• The main advantage of plasterboard partitions is that the wall is smooth and even, it is perfect for wallpapering or painting acrylic paints or any other finish.

• In addition, drywall has a fire resistance of 0.2 hours for a partition made of one layer of gypsum plasterboard and up to 1 hour for a partition made of two layers. GCR also has vapor and gas permeability and is very easy to install.

Flaws:

• Drywall is a fragile material, so it can be easily damaged by a hard object.

• Afraid of moisture. When wet, gypsum plasterboard swells, becomes deformed, and may even fall off the frame.

• You cannot hang something very heavy on a gypsum board partition. The maximum weight should not exceed 70 kg per linear meter, but objects must be attached directly to the frame. Light objects (up to 15 kg), such as paintings, can be hung directly on drywall using screws and dowels.

Technology for installing gypsum plasterboard partitions: First you need to build a metal frame from aluminum profiles. First of all, it is necessary to mark the partitions being erected. First, it is performed on the floor, and then using a plumb line, this marking is transferred to the ceiling. Using dowels, we fasten the guides, according to the markings, on the floor and ceiling. We attach the profile to the walls in the same way. We cut the profile to the height of the room and fasten it in increments of no more than 600 mm. The frame is ready! Before you begin sheathing, you need to lay out the sheets on a flat surface and cut them according to the height of the partition. We fasten the sheets using self-tapping screws with a pitch of about 250 mm. After covering, the seams can be primed and puttied. To do this, apply putty to the seam and, in one motion from top to bottom, level the putty and remove any excess. Then, without waiting for hardening, reinforcing tape is placed on the putty, and it is pressed into the putty mass. Another layer of putty is applied on top of the tape. The screw caps are recessed and puttied.

Frame made of metal profile for interior partition

Fastening a metal frame for interior plasterboard partitions

Approximate cost and material consumption: 1 m2 of gypsum plasterboard partition will cost approximately 20-60 dollars (excluding installation), with one layer of gypsum plasterboard. For installation of a plasterboard partition you will pay at least 6-8 dollars per 1 m2.

Wooden interior partitions

Wooden partitions can be solid planks (single or double), double with an air or filled gap, and framed and sheathed.

Advantages:

• Made from environmentally friendly material.

• You can make a design increased strength, supporting more than 150 kg of cargo.

• The weight of a wooden partition is about 92 kg/m2 (with a partition thickness of 150 mm).

• The sound insulation index reaches 41 dB (with a partition thickness of 150 mm).

Flaws:

• Wooden structures are afraid of water.

• They have insufficient noise insulation (37 dB).

• They are fire hazardous - they have a fire resistance of 0.2 hours.

Installation technology:

• Single plank partitions: consist of vertically installed boards 40-50 mm thick. Prepare boards for installing the partition. They should be edged or tongue-and-groove and their length should be 1 cm less than the distance from the floor to the ceiling. Before starting work, draw strictly vertical lines on the walls using a plumb line and a pencil. Then, using these markings, draw two more lines on the floor and ceiling. Next, nail two bars to the floor so that they form a groove equal in thickness to the board. Now you need to nail another triangular beam to the ceiling. Insert the board into the bottom groove, press it against the wall and nail it to the top block. After all the boards are nailed, the gap between the boards must be filled with tow. Next, you can nail the second triangular beam to the ceiling, thereby pressing the boards. Such a partition can be plastered, sheathed with plywood, fiberboard or plasterboard sheets.

View from above

Double and triple board partitions: Before proceeding with the installation of these partitions, it is necessary to prepare the boards and carry out all the markings (the same as in the case of single partitions). First you need to install racks from floor to ceiling. The racks are firmly fixed between the slats and sheathed on both sides with boards 20-25 mm thick. The surface of the partition can be plastered, covered with fiberboard or plasterboard.

Wooden racks and slats for interior partitions

Frame-cladding partitions: To install the frame, use bars of 30x50 mm or 50x100 mm. Making the frame: Take two bars with a length equal to the length of the partition (bars for the floor and ceiling). Using dowels, we attach the bars, according to the markings (the same as in cases A and B), on the floor and on the ceiling. In the same way, the bars on the walls. We cut them according to the height of the room and fasten them in increments of no more than 600-120 mm.

Sheathing: it can be made from plywood, fiberboard, chipboard sheets or boards 50-75 mm. First, the sheathing is completely nailed on one side, then on the other. After installing the partition plastered on both sides.

Wooden interior partitions

Approximate cost: The price for 1 m2 of such a partition is from $20 and above, it will depend on the cladding material.

For example: a linear meter of timber costs at least $1, and the cost of boards will cost you about $200 per cubic meter. meter. In this case, about 0.2 m3 of boards are consumed per 1 m2 of partition. The cost of the work will cost you 2-3 dollars or more per 1 m2.

How to improve sound insulation? We still have one unresolved question: how can you improve the sound insulation of interior partitions if you need perfect silence?

The sound insulation index is measured in dicibels. This value does not depend on the area of ​​the room, but only on the interior partition itself.

In the MGSN 2.04-97 standards "Permissible levels of noise, vibration and requirements for sound insulation in residential and public buildings" there is a division of housing categories with their own sound insulation indices: 54 dB - for houses of category A (luxury housing), 52 dB - for houses of category B (comfortable new buildings), 50 dB - for houses of category B (old houses).

The main way to improve the sound insulation of a room is to increase the thickness of the partitions or use soundproofing material. As soundproofing materials you can use mats or slabs made of basalt or fiberglass, which have not only high heat-insulating and sound-absorbing properties, but also fire resistance. For example: if a 50 mm thick soundproofing board is laid in a partition made of one layer of plasterboard, then the sound insulation index will be 43 dB, but if there is a double layer of plasterboard - 58 dB.

The question of interior partitions is quite extensive. I hope that the tips given in this article will help you solve all the problems associated with the choice of materials and installation of interior partitions. Whether you use the advice given in this article or not is up to you.

Please note: Prices are valid for 2008.

Very often the question arises about the demolition of old and the construction of new interior partitions. Which ones to choose - brick or blocks, plasterboard or glass? How to follow the technology during installation, ensure sound insulation and resistance to stress? Let's try to figure it out in our review.

THIN OR MASSIVE?

Whatever the material - brick, blocks or slabs, partitions are erected at the general stage repair work, before the beginning finishing works. Base - load-bearing beam, floor slab, rough floor screed.

The choice of material is influenced by several mutually exclusive conditions:

• on the one hand, the load on the floors of new partitions should not exceed the weight of the previous ones, the thickness of the partitions should not significantly “eat up” the usable area, which means the partitions should be sufficiently light and thin;
• on the other hand, partitions must be strong enough to withstand the weight of hanging furniture, lamps, and decorative items while providing comfortable sound insulation.

To solve this dilemma, we turn to building regulations and rules:

• SNiP 03/23/2003 “Noise Protection” recommend comfortable sound insulation standards from 41 decibels between rooms to 47 decibels between a room and a bathroom. knot. Is it true, modern recommendations increase this barrier to 55 decibels - this is the type of noise protection that is considered optimal. To ensure such conditions minimum thickness partitions must be no less than the depth of the interior door frame, i.e. no thinner than 10 centimeters. Better yet, about 30 centimeters, which corresponds to a plastered brick wall on both sides.
• SNiP 2.01.02-85 " Fire protection systems"require that internal partitions were made of low-flammability materials and were quite fire-resistant. The most stable in this regard are reinforced concrete panels, small-piece blocks, and plasterboard sheets on a metal frame.

Which material is better? Only specialists, for example, from the construction company TopDom, can say with confidence. The decision is made taking into account individual characteristics your home.

Here we can only consider the characteristics of some materials.

MATERIAL - BRICK

IN Lately due to the diversity of modern building materials brick is losing its position. At the same time, a partition made of this material has a number of advantages:

• durable and reliable;
• is able to hold fasteners perfectly;
• isolates sound well at low, mid and high frequencies;
• resistant to resonant vibrations.

Partition thickness of a quarter brick

Laying on edge significantly saves usable space and is different lightweight design. At the same time, its strength is low, and its soundproofing ability (even plastered on both sides) does not exceed 40 decibels. To strengthen the structure, vertical and horizontal reinforcement with steel wire is used.

Use: in utility rooms such as pantries, dressing rooms.

Half brick thick partition

The usual method of installing interior partitions. Due to sufficient thickness and plaster on both sides, sound insulation is at 45 decibels.

Brick thick partition

The partition is 24 centimeters thick and ensures maximum reliability and sound insulation. However, it has a high mass, so before its construction it is necessary to obtain information about bearing capacity house designs.

An alternative to ordinary brick is slotted brick (the weight of the partition is 2 times lower, but the sound insulation is worse) and porous ceramic blocks (good geometry and sound insulation).

To brick partition was installed with high quality - it is necessary to involve highly qualified craftsmen in its construction, since this is a complex, labor-intensive process. An uneven brick wall will have to be covered with plasterboard, which will increase the cost and thickness of the partition.

MATERIAL - FOAM CONCRETE AND EXPANDED CONCRETE BLOCKS

The specific gravity of blocks compared to brick is twelve times less, and the dimensions are larger (600x300x150), which makes this material in demand and popular in the construction market.

Such blocks are easy to work with - they can be easily cut with a hacksaw and laid on cement mortar or special compounds. The surface of the blocks is imperfect and requires plastering, just like brick.

Compared to brick, a wall made of foam blocks is less strong and cannot withstand a fastener load of more than 20 kg. Sound insulation is also somewhat lower.

MATERIAL - Tongue-and-groove slabs (GGP)

Tongue-and-groove slabs - solid and hollow, with a thickness of only 8 cm, are increasingly used in the construction of partitions. They are easy to install using special glue and are more durable compared to foam blocks. There is no need to plaster a partition made of PGP: two or three layers of putty are enough to level and close the seams.

Since the sound insulation of a wall made of GRP may be insufficient, curtain walls should be used. soundproofing materials. This is, as a rule, a frame made of plasterboard, the internal space of which is filled with sound-absorbing materials.

MATERIAL - GYPSOCARDBOARD

A partition made of plasterboard sheets is almost four times lighter than one made of brick, blocks or slabs. And it is built much faster and easier. In addition to simplicity, the technology allows for ideal geometry and a smooth wall surface. But this is not all the advantages. It is convenient to place communications in the voids of the plasterboard frame. The cost of the finished partition is much more economical compared to other materials.

With all its advantages, a plasterboard partition is not without some difficulties.

• In achieving the required level of sound insulation. To do this, it is recommended to assemble two independent frames with a gap of a couple of centimeters between them. Additionally, rubber gaskets and sound-absorbing mats are used.
• In achieving strength and resistance to cantilever loads. If it is necessary to hang heavy shelves or other pieces of furniture, they must be attached directly to the frame. For additional strength, the frame is reinforced with a number of jumpers, and standard profiles are replaced with rolled metal.

MATERIAL - GLASS

More precisely - glass blocks. They are now quite often combined with other materials or used solo - depending on fashion trends And design idea. Glass blocks can come in a wide variety of colors, so they are also an excellent interior decoration. Such material is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also safe, and it provides sufficient sound insulation.

Fixing glass block masonry with cement mortar or tile adhesive. When using white cement, dyes can be used. The seams are filled with grout of the desired shade, similar to ceramic tiles.

Another option for a partition that provides a sufficient level of illumination is a partition with a glass insert. If, in the event of redevelopment, some room is left without a window (usually utility room) and became dark - glass or a similar transparent material will save the situation.

The light will come into it from an illuminated corridor or adjacent room. Glazing options are different - the transparent part can be superior to the blind part or vice versa. The glazing can also be double - then you can put blinds or decorative curtains between them. In a word, a glass partition is an undoubted decoration of your home.

However, in addition to stationary partitions, which cannot be moved from place to place, there are also mobile partitions. Their material is light and decorative, and the partitions can be moved at your request.

Why they are most often used and what they look like - read here: a review of sliding partitions for home renovations. In the matter of redevelopment, they will serve you excellent service.

How much do internal partitions in apartments cost, what materials are best to use?

Photo: Depositphotos/kalinovsky

To divide living space into separate rooms, thin, relatively light, but strong and reliable, fireproof and noise-absorbing partition walls are required. Fulfillment of all these requirements largely depends on the characteristics wall material. Partitions are erected from brick, foam-gas concrete blocks, gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs and plasterboard. The editors of RBC Real Estate found out what the pros and cons of these materials are and compared the costs of constructing 1 sq. m. m of internal walls.

The most expensive, labor-intensive and heaviest walls are made from ceramic bricks. Their main advantage is strength, durability and the ability to build walls of any curvature. Modern technologies replaced them with smoother and cheaper piece materials made of foam concrete and gypsum with approximately equal characteristics with the exception of moisture resistance. Prices for materials vary, but foam concrete blocks have a less smooth surface than their gypsum counterparts. They require additional plastering in one layer, which increases costs. In practice, bathroom walls are usually built from brick or gas and foam concrete blocks, since in the future they are better combined with cement-based plaster and adhesive compositions for wet rooms. Lungs plasterboard partitions They are cheaper, but if you add another layer of drywall for strength and put insulation inside for sound insulation, their price will increase by 20-30%. As a result, the room will become much quieter and this will have virtually no effect on the speed of construction of the structure.

Brick

The partitions are erected from inexpensive solid building (ordinary) bricks of a grade not lower than M100 with a standard size (250 × 120 × 65 mm). A stable brick partition should have a thickness of half a brick (150-170 mm together with a layer of rough finishing plaster). This design not only eats up centimeters usable area, but also creates a local load on the floor, since the brick has a high density (1800-2000 kg/cubic m).

pros:

- high strength and moisture resistance;
- possibility of erecting curved partitions.

Minuses:

- low speed of partition construction;
- high consumption of masonry and plaster mortar;
- high weight of the partition;
- low surface quality;
- high cost and timing of finishing work.

Gas and foam concrete blocks

Aerated concrete blocks have high surface quality. Partitions made from such materials do not require labor-intensive plastering. It should be noted that aerated concrete has open, communicating air pores. On the one hand, this provides the material with excellent vapor permeability, and on the other, it increases moisture absorption, making the blocks hygroscopic. Foam concrete does not have this disadvantage, since the air cells are closed.

When remodeling, blocks with a thickness of 75-100 mm are used. Thinner products (50 mm) are not recommended, since partitions made from them have a low level of sound insulation and do not support a cantilever load in the form of a bookshelf or a TV on a bracket.

pros:

- high fire resistance and sound insulation;
- large block format increases the speed of work;
- quick drying of finished structures;
- easy processing using a simple tool;
- the ability to create arched openings without reinforcing elements;
- high surface quality.

Minuses:

- low level of sound insulation of thin blocks;
- insufficient resistance to cantilever loads.

Tongue-and-groove gypsum blocks

An alternative to cellular concrete blocks is tongue-and-groove slabs. For their production, environmental gypsum, cement binder and light fillers (mineral or organic) are used. Such products have protrusions (ridges) and recesses (grooves) at the ends, and they can be rectangular or trapezoidal in shape. The length of the slabs is 667 mm, height - 500 mm, thickness - 80 or 100 mm. High-quality products are distinguished by high geometric accuracy (permissible deviations do not exceed 0.5-2 mm) and a smooth surface.

pros:

- partitions do not require plastering underneath finishing. It is only necessary to seal the seams and apply thin putty;
- environmental friendliness of the material;
- vapor and gas permeability. Partitions absorb excess moisture and humidify the air;
- high speed of installation and ease of processing.

Minuses:

- low moisture resistance. In wet areas Only specialized moisture-resistant blocks can be used;
- low level of sound insulation of 80 mm thick slabs.

Partitions are also made from load-bearing frame(steel profile) and plasterboard sheathing. The material has a three-layer structure: a gypsum core between two sheets of durable and rigid cardboard. Several types of similar products are produced: standard plasterboard sheets (GKL), fire-resistant (GKLO), moisture-resistant (GKLV) and moisture-fire-resistant (KGLVO). GKL are used in rooms with humidity not exceeding 70%. For increase fire retardant characteristics crushed glass fiber (glass fiber) 10-12 g/sq.m. is added to the gypsum core composition. m. In the production of moisture-resistant material, cardboard impregnated with an antiseptic and a gypsum composition, which includes fungicides and water repellents, are used. GKLV can be used in a humid environment (humidity up to 90%) provided that no water gets on the skin. In the area of ​​the bathtub or shower stall, they must be covered with waterproofing and tiled, so that there are no open areas or cracks.

pros:

- fast construction using dry technology. Particularly important when cosmetic repairs or short deadlines;
- perfectly flat surface;
- the possibility of installing sound insulation from insulation in internal voids;
- possibility of erecting curved structures;
- vapor and air permeability.

Minuses:

- low strength. In order to hang a heavy shelf, you need to make embedded elements. Corners require special metal reinforcement;
- low moisture resistance. Even moisture-resistant boards can be affected by water;
- exactingness regarding compliance with the construction assembly technology and finishing. Otherwise, the structure becomes unstable and cracks appear.

Cost of construction of partitions, rub.sq.m

Table: "Vira-ArtStroy"

What to consider when remodeling

Internal non-load-bearing walls are required to be erected in new apartments with open plan, in the process of replacing old, cracked or crooked walls during overhaul or due to redevelopment of the apartment. Moreover, the material of new designs can be anything. It is important that the load on the prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete floor did not exceed the maximum parameters - 600-1250 kg/sq. m, which are determined by the length and thickness of the slabs.

Redevelopment of apartments, which lead to changes in BTI plans, are divided into simple and complex. A simple redevelopment is coordinated according to the sketch and provides for minimal changes affecting non-load-bearing walls: combining a bathroom, moving a door in a non-load-bearing partition, etc. With a complex redevelopment, load-bearing walls are also affected, and the communications scheme changes. This requires the development of a special project.

In the process of any redevelopment, according to Housing Code, Sanitary regulations and other requirements, it is prohibited:

- increase the area of ​​the kitchen, bathroom and toilet at the expense of the living space;
- reduce the kitchen and bathroom to increase living space;
- equip a bathroom above the kitchen of the neighbors below;
- move the kitchen to the living area;
- combine living space and kitchen if the latter has a gas stove;
- divide one living room for several, if at least one of them does not contain natural light.

Technical characteristics and cost of materials

Table: knauf.ru, tokc.ru, market.yandex.ru

Anton Elistratov

Apartment renovation is often accompanied by redevelopment of premises. Interior partitions erected from various materials: brick, plasterboard, cellular concrete blocks, wood, glass, polycarbonate, different slabs and others. They differ in their performance characteristics. The choice of option for a home depends both on the required functional indicators of the constructed partitions, and on their decorative appearance and installation complexity. Another important point is often the affordability of the material and the ability to work with it yourself. In practice, combinations are also used to achieve an original, unique decorative design home interior.

Purpose of partitions between rooms

During major renovation work in a private house or apartment, the question may arise of moving existing interior partitions or erecting new ones. The problem is also relevant in new buildings with an open plan.

Interior walls are represented by a large number a wide variety of options their creation. New rooms should be created or the size of existing ones should be changed in such a way as to ensure the maximum level of comfort. The main obstacle to construction may be the choice of material and the correct construction of the intended structure from it.

Interior partitions should:

• preserve the space of the room to the maximum;
• be durable to withstand the load from hanging shelves, pictures, cabinets;
• provide good sound insulation;
• if possible, have an attractive decorative appearance;
• give residents the opportunity to have privacy and a comfortable pastime;
• divide the house into functional areas: kitchen, toilet with bath (shower), living room, hallway, bedroom.

The best option that satisfies the first requirement is partitions with small wall thickness. But they often do not meet other criteria.

Aquariums and various household appliances are installed in internal partitions with niches or openings. And when the furniture serves as walls, then at the same time the internal space of the house is divided into areas, clothes, books, dishes and other things that are rarely used are distributed.

The correct construction of partitions solves a number of important problems related to the organization of comfortable living for the inhabitants of the apartment. At the same time, you can decorate your home in this way.

Basic installation rules

You can build walls inside the house with your own hands or with the help of hired workers, but you must take into account a number of restrictions. The rules are as follows:

• it is prohibited to increase the size of bathrooms (toilets), kitchens, reducing the living space, and vice versa;
• You cannot equip a bathroom in a multi-story building if there is a kitchen area neighbors;
• It is also unacceptable to divide a room into several parts if there is only one source of natural light (window);
• when a gas stove is installed in the kitchen, it cannot be combined with the living space;
• It is strictly forbidden to move or demolish load-bearing structures, because this is dangerous for the entire building;
• It is allowed to erect heavy interior partitions only on a solid foundation; in such cases, it is first necessary to calculate the loads acting on the floor.

With walls made of lightweight materials (aerated concrete or built using a frame), everything is simpler: they can be built everywhere without problems.

Internal redevelopment of the house will require contacting the relevant authorities (BTI). The installation of interior partitions must comply with the above requirements. This issue affects the comfort of neighbors, the integrity of the structure, and personal safety.

Materials for interior walls

If the question is about what to make an interior partition from, then there is no clear answer. Modern construction market offers customers a wide range of products. Each material is good in its own way. Before buying any, you should study its features. Only after this is it possible to decide what is best to make wall structures from in a particular case. Monolithic concrete partitions are created at the construction stage as load-bearing walls.

Brick

Brick interior partitions are a standard construction method. To build such a structure you must have special skills and knowledge. But this option is optimal in terms of sound insulation and strength.

Brick because of its high density is heavy material. For construction, the following types of composition are used:

• ceramic;
• clinker;
• silicate.

According to the release form, the following types are used:

• whole;
• hollow.

The advantage of brick walls is their high strength and resistance to damage, allowing you to hang heavy, massive cabinets, paintings, and other objects. But for bases made from hollow varieties, you will need to use reinforced fasteners.

The masonry is usually built in half a brick. Its thickness does not exceed 160 mm. To erect a structure, it is necessary to take into account its future weight and the load on the base.

Using bricks with voids inside, you can make a lighter wall: reduce its weight by about 30%. But the level of sound insulation will be less than when using solid bricks.

The masonry is done “for jointing” or for further plastering, decorative finishing. The first option itself is a design method, but it places high demands on the builder’s skills and the quality of the work.

Using brick as a material for partitions in an apartment or house is expensive option their buildings. Both the material and the work involved in laying it have high price. Further plastering also affects it. The process of erecting brickwork itself is labor-intensive and quite time-consuming. But brick walls and partitions are durable and strong.

Cellular concrete

Interior walls in new buildings are often built from gas and foam blocks. These materials are easy to process: you can simply cut out an arch and install a door frame in them.

The resulting design is lightweight. Its thermal insulation characteristics are better than those of brick, and its sound insulation and especially strength are inferior to the latter .

Working with cellular concrete is faster and labor costs are less than during the construction of masonry.

Plates

Considering various options, you should pay attention to the types of partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs. Building from such blocks is reminiscent of working with a constructor: thanks to the presence of grooves and protrusions (ridges), the structural elements fit perfectly together.

Tongue-and-groove slabs have the following advantages:

• easy to process;
• has good heat and sound insulation characteristics;
• has a relatively small mass;
• ease of installation, greater strength of the erected structure compared to construction made from foam or gas block;
• the presence of voids makes it easy to lay internal communications.

The slabs have relatively low strength, are not moisture resistant, and require the use of special gypsum-based adhesive for installation.

Glass, glass blocks

Glass is used to create sliding partitions, or stationary panels. The dimensions of the partitions themselves are insignificant in thickness, but other significant characteristics suffer.

The use of glass blocks (luxpheres) for construction makes it possible to emphasize the style of the room and obtain interesting lighting and decorative effects.

Glass and lux spheres are very expensive. They are used relatively rarely, because from a practicality point of view, this is not the best solution.

Drywall

Often done in an apartment or house. The sheets are secured to a pre-created frame, inside which sound and heat insulating material is placed.

The use of plasterboard is characterized by ease of installation and the ability to create partitions different shapes. In rooms with a high content of water vapor in the air, moisture-resistant types of plasterboard are used.

If the installation technology is followed, the structure created from plasterboard is characterized by low weight and has sufficient strength and reliability.

Other materials for the construction of internal walls

In addition to the options considered, quite often in practice other materials are used to build walls inside a house or apartment. Among them are the following:

• expanded clay concrete blocks, similar in their properties to brick, but less durable;
• polycarbonate;
• sandwich panels.

Often made from wood frame partitions in a house made of timber. It fits perfectly into the interior and does not require further finishing. Sandwich panels are used in prefabricated structures. They are covered on the outside with aluminum sheets.

Before you need to choose for existing conditions operation suitable material. The best option should be for personal budget too.

• brick is the optimal solution if greater strength and maximum sound insulation are required, but you will need to calculate the load on the floor;
• interior walls made of expanded clay are similar in characteristics to brick ones;
• It is better to make partitions from cellular concrete if it is necessary to insulate rooms and avoid significant loads on the base;
• frames covered with boards or plasterboard sheets can be erected quickly and obtain a fairly good level of heat and sound insulation, a decorative appearance, and this is the easiest option;
• timber structures are appropriate mainly in wooden houses;
• can be selected if you want to make partitions that create different optical effects.

High-quality brickwork does not require further finishing. This is an option that has been tested for centuries and has a decorative appearance. If you need to save money, you should take into account that the cheapest internal partitions are created from plasterboard.

Materials for creating interior partitions are characterized by various sound insulation properties. After construction, protection from extraneous noise and vibration may be required. It is important to carry out the work correctly to improve personal comfort.

First of all, bedrooms and children's rooms. To do this, increase the thickness interior walls, or cover them with a material that has good sound insulation properties.

Structures insulated with mineral wool also have a good level of sound insulation. This is the typical way. The material is laid both outside and filled into voids. In the first case, the thickness of the partition will increase, reducing the space of the room.

Taken separately, specific case, requires an individual approach. When choosing what to make partitions from in an apartment, you should think in advance about the soundproofing qualities of the purchased material. Correct selection according to this indicator, it will reduce final costs and reduce work.

Recommendations on what you can use to build partitions between rooms are given in the video below.

Various design projects for walls in the apartment are presented further in the video.

The video below contains instructions on how to make a room partition yourself from plasterboard.

Different types of interior partitions require different approaches to installation, time and money costs for their construction. Their functional performance is determined by the properties of the materials from which they are constructed. The final decision when choosing an option should be made based on your own conditions and financial capabilities. If the strength of the base allows, then brickwork is very practical.