Apartments in bionic style by designers. Bionics as a modern design direction. The feasibility of bioforms in architectural design. What is a bionic style building? Remember the design of the hobbit houses in the movie "The Lord of the Rings"? Of course not

Bionics is a style that can safely be called a kind of fairy tale for adults. Why? Yes, because structures made in bionic style, absolutely amazing and unique, and inspires architects Live nature. The most striking use of natural forms was manifested in the magnificent creations created by the greatest architect Antonio Gaudi (Casa Batllo, Casa Mila, Park Güell and others).

Such a concept as bionics arose at the beginning of the last century, but finally formed into an independent style in the 70s. In bionics means living, which means that it is the surrounding nature that prompts architects and designers original ideas when creating the most comfortable living environment for humans. Analogy with living nature, rounded corners, smooth natural lines, natural shades, natural materials, lightness of form - these are the main features of the bionic style.
There are many examples when engineers, designers, and architects took living structures as a basis in their projects, and bionic structures are scattered all over the world. This is the Opera House in Sydney, the Cypress House in Shanghai, the SONY skyscraper in Japan and many others. A building made in the bionic style also exists in Russia. This is the “Dolphin House” located in St. Petersburg by architect Boris Levinzon.

Due to the fact that nature is more perfect and safe, compared to the technologies that mankind has invented, bionics allows you to create not only organic, environmentally friendly and reliable structures, but also significantly save energy and materials.

A house built in the bionic style does not have a traditional geometric shape. It is more reminiscent of some kind of model of living nature. The soft curved lines of windows and walls flow smoothly into each other. This creates a certain feeling that the house is moving and not frozen in place. It is this feeling, when movement and complete peace are present at the same time, that is distinctive feature house built in bionic style. Appearance and interior space depend on the angle of view, and change subtly when it changes.
When building and decorating a house, architects and designers must take into account that bionics do not provide for interchangeability separate rooms. Each room has its own purpose, and the task of style is to reveal it most fully. Besides, important has comfort, it should be maximum.

In general, in bionics, the kitchen is just a kitchen, and there is a living room for receiving guests. They sleep in the bedroom, not work, and so on. Lighting plays an important role in a bionic interior. The house should be filled with light. Lamps and accessories are also made in the bionic style. Colored glass is often used, giving the house a fabulous look, although such houses themselves look quite unusual.

Subject and concept of bionics.

Bionics (from the Greek βίον - element of life, literally - living) - applied science of application in technical devices and systems of principles of organization, properties, functions and structures of living nature, that is, forms of living things in nature and their industrial analogues.

Architectural and construction bionics

Architectural and construction bionics studies the laws of formation and structure formation of living tissues, analyzes structural systems living organisms on the principle of saving material, energy and ensuring reliability. Neurobionics studies the functioning of the brain and explores the mechanisms of memory. The sensory organs of animals and the internal mechanisms of reaction to the environment in both animals and plants are being intensively studied.

A striking example architectural bionics- a complete analogy between the structure of cereal stems and modern high-rise buildings. Stems cereal plants able to withstand heavy loads without breaking under the weight of the inflorescence. If the wind bends them to the ground, they quickly recover vertical position. What's the secret? It turns out that their structure is similar to the design of modern high-rise factory pipes - one of the latest achievements of engineering. Both structures are hollow inside. The sclerenchyma strands of the plant stem act as longitudinal reinforcement. The internodes (nodes?) of the stems are rings of rigidity.

There are oval vertical voids along the walls of the stem. The pipe walls have the same design solution. The role of spiral reinforcement located at outside pipes in the stem of cereal plants, performed by a thin skin. However, to your constructive solution engineers came on their own, without “looking” into nature. The identity of the structure was revealed later. IN last years Bionics confirms that most human inventions have already been “patented” by nature. Such 20th-century inventions as zippers and Velcro fasteners were made based on the structure of a bird's feather. Feather beards of various orders, equipped with hooks, provide reliable grip.

Famous Spanish architects M. R. Cervera and J. Ploz, active adherents of bionics, began researching “dynamic structures” in 1985, and in 1991 they organized the “Society for Supporting Innovation in Architecture.” A group under their leadership, which included architects, engineers, designers, biologists and psychologists, developed the “Vertical Bionic Tower City” project. In 15 years, a tower city should appear in Shanghai (according to scientists, in 20 years the population of Shanghai could reach 30 million people). The tower city is designed for 100 thousand people, the project is based on the “principle of wood construction”.

The city tower will have the shape of a cypress tree with a height of 1228 m with a girth at the base of 133 by 100 m, and at the widest point 166 by 133 m. The tower will have 300 floors, and they will be located in 12 vertical blocks of 80 floors each (12 x 80 = 960; 960!=300). Between the blocks there are floor ties that play a role load-bearing structure for each level-quarter. Inside the blocks there are houses of different heights with vertical gardens. This elaborate design is similar to the structure of the branches and entire crown of the cypress tree. The tower will stand on a pile foundation according to the accordion principle, which is not buried, but develops in all directions as it gains height - similar to how it develops root system tree. Wind fluctuations upper floors minimized: air easily passes through the tower structure. To cover the tower, a special plastic material will be used that imitates the porous surface of leather. If construction is successful, it is planned to build several more such building-cities.

In architectural and construction bionics great attention is devoted to new construction technologies. For example, in the field of development of efficient and waste-free construction technologies promising direction is the creation of layered structures. The idea is borrowed from deep-sea mollusks. Their durable shells, such as those of the widespread abalone, consist of alternating hard and soft plates. When a hard plate cracks, the deformation is absorbed by the soft layer and the crack does not go further. This technology can also be used to cover cars.

Development of bionics in architecture

The very concept of bionics appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century. What does it mean?
In architecture textbooks you would read that Bionics (from the Greek biōn - element of life, literally - living) is a science bordering biology and technology, solving engineering problems based on an analysis of the structure and vital activity of organisms.

Simply put, if you remember Leonardo da Vinci, who tried to build a flying machine with flapping wings like birds, then you can immediately imagine what the bionic style is.

The first attempts to use natural forms in construction were made by Antonio Gaudi. And it was a breakthrough! Park Güell, or as they used to say “Nature frozen in stone”, Casa Batlo, Casa Mila - Europe, spoiled by architectural delights, and the whole world have never seen anything like it. These masterpieces of the great master gave impetus to the development of architecture in the bionic style. In 1921, bionic ideas were reflected in the construction of Rudolf Steiner's Goetheanum, and from that moment on, architects all over the world adopted bionics.

From the time of the Goetheanum to the present day, it has been built in the bionic style a large number of both individual buildings and entire cities.

Today, the modern embodiment of organic architecture can be seen in Shanghai - the Cypress House, in the Netherlands - the NMB Bank board building, Australia - the Sydney Opera House, Montreal - the World Exhibition Complex building, Japan - the SONY skyscraper and the Fruit Museum.

Recently, bionic architecture can be seen in Russia.

In 2003, in St. Petersburg, according to the designs of the architect Boris Levinzon, the “Dolphin House” was built and the hall of the famous Medi-Aesthetic clinic was decorated.
Perception of bionic space

What is a bionic style building? The first impression of a building in a bionic style is that the buildings stand out of correct geometry. The natural shapes of the object awaken the imagination. In bionics, walls are like living membranes. Plastic and extended walls and windows reveal the load force directed from top to bottom and the resistance force of the materials counteracting it. Thanks to the rhythmic play of the changing concave and convex surfaces of the walls of the buildings, it seems that the building is breathing. Here the wall is no longer just a partition; it lives like an organism.

The Great Antonio Gaudi was right when he said that “An architect should not give up colors, but, on the contrary, use them to give life to shapes and volumes. Color is the complement of form and the most vibrant manifestation of life.” Just imagine, entering an organic building, you feel immersed in a wonderful world filled with transparent light. Color creates a special world of the interior, reviving and revealing materials that are visible under a layer of paint. Color lives and moves according to its own laws. It seems that it influences the strengthening or weakening of the functions of the building and space.

In the bionic structure, thanks to the constantly changing balance of the interaction of desires and spatial possibilities, a person experiences a feeling of movement in peace, and peace in the movement of space. The slightest movement shifts the balance of power, thereby changing the perception of space. Constancy and change, symmetry and asymmetry, protected intimacy and wide openness exist in a delicate balance. Z Please note that both in movement and at rest there is always a feeling of balance.

In its essence, bionics is like architectural style, strives to create a spatial environment that would, with its entire atmosphere, stimulate exactly the function of the building or room for which the latter are intended. In a bionic house, the bedroom will be a bedroom, the living room will be a living room, and the kitchen will be a kitchen.

Bionics and its place in modern architecture

Any Living being is a perfectly tuned working system that is adapted to the environment. The survivability of such systems is the result of long evolution. By revealing the secrets of the structure of living organisms, it is possible to realize new possibilities in architecture. Over time, a need arose to create a special direction of science, the essence of which boils down to finding and studying the secrets of the successful adaptation of living beings. Bionics became such a direction, combining the knowledge of both biology and technology. Bionics is designed to solve engineering and technical problems based on the results of studies of living organisms.

Let's consider several biological structures used in architecture:

Spider web is an unusually economical and lightweight mesh material.
Honeycombs and beeswax.
Ant's nest. The construction principle is reminiscent of houses built by people.
Soft washcloth. Its design is ideal for creating both durable and complex structures, which, for example, can be used as large containers for transporting oil or water.
Living cell membrane. The double interlacing of fatty compounds enveloping a living cell is used in micro-architecture.

Bionics in architecture is not just the curvature of outlines and forms, which is like a bird's shell, mollusk shells, honeycombs or branches of a forest thicket. First of all, architectural bionics are comfortable, harmonious, reliable structures for humans. The technology of architectural bionics combines both the abstract and the very concrete - the laws of mathematics. It creates the preconditions for the synthesis of art and science.

Bionics in your home.

The exact style we choose for our dacha or home depends only on our imagination, as well as financial capabilities. Bionics has proven that architecture is not just rebar and bricks. Anyone can use bionics inventions in their home or garden.

In the interior of the room can be used lighting and furnishings, the forms of which are borrowed from nature itself. These elements, by the way, can be made independently. The scope for your imagination will be provided by a competent choice of stairs (both internal and external). They can be of any shape (for example, spiral), from combined materials.

When choosing building materials for your home, it is much better to give preference not only to those that are very durable, but also to those that retain heat better. This move guarantees energy savings on air conditioners and heaters.

The landscape on the site can easily be made very original. To do this, focus on the elements that already exist: branches, stones, cracks and other components. Using your imagination, you can create a beautiful alpine slide(this is a structure made of stones and certain vegetation that is inherent in the high alpine climate).

And if there is a large and old tree on the site, do not rush to cut it down. It can be used, for example, as a bar for drinks or as a gazebo for relaxation. There is no need for air conditioning here, since even in hot weather, wood reduces the temperature to approximately 22 degrees (in middle lane Russia).

Experience has shown that the potential of unexplored secrets of nature is enormous. Don’t be afraid to study them, don’t protect yourself too much from nature with the walls of houses, destroying nature.

Bionic style houses

The rapid development of technology at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries left its mark in all areas without exception. human life, including in art. But, as it turned out, no Hi-tech cannot replace the magic of nature for humans. And after working week spent in a room equipped with the latest technology, we are happy to turn off our computers and phones to enjoy communication with nature.

Orchid house in the UK - bionics

Nature is always relevant - and that is why, next to functionalism, high-tech and constructivism, the so-called organic architecture, or bionics, arises.

Bionics is a science at the intersection of biology and technology. Organic architecture solves engineering problems based on knowledge about living organisms.

The essence of organics is easier to understand if we recall Leonardo da Vinci’s ideas about a flying machine with wings like birds.

The first sign of the style was the work of Antonio Gaudi, who showed “nature frozen in stone.” Gaudí's ideas were popularized by Rudolf Steiner Goetheanum, after which organics became popular throughout the world.

Sydney Opera House - organic architecture

The first impression of organic architecture is amazement: the right geometric shapes can't be found here. Plastic walls resemble the membranes of living organisms. It is believed that it is the organic style of architecture that balances symmetry and asymmetry, intimacy and openness, constancy and change. Architecture follows the laws of nature. The shapes are mostly irregular and dynamic. Each architectural form, like a plant, develops according to its own laws.

Organic genius Ken Kello emphasizes architecture's connection to the earth. “Box-shaped” forms, as if cut out of cardboard, are alien to the earth. Buildings should be like silk, softly covering the surface of the earth. The architect's goal is to skillfully and naturally fit the structure into the landscape.

Excellent examples of organic architecture include the NMB Bank building in the Netherlands, the Cypress House in Shanghai, the Sydney Opera House in Montreal, the SONY skyscraper in Japan, the Dolphin House in Russia and many others.

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To provide aesthetic joy and practical convenience, separate item or an entire building must borrow certain properties and abilities from nature. Which ones exactly?

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Jean-Marie Massaud, an outstanding designer and architect of our time. The world around us is rich in ideas. You just need to be more careful, because the design suggested by nature gives positive emotions and can successfully replace psychotherapists.

One of the most prolific architects and designers who became famous in the 2000s, Jean-Marie Massaud, follows the ideas of bionics and technofuturism in his projects. He encourages looking to nature for ideas for interior design and architecture. Let's consider what pieces of furniture should be in order to comply with these principles.

1 Blend into the surrounding space. In bionics, an architectural building or garden furniture must be in harmony with the landscape. For example, bionics offers a house that is built into the slope of a hill and smoothly continues it, or a hotel floating in the air in the form of a cloud, or - when it comes to garden furniture - an armchair with a frame made of fine mesh, reminiscent of a delicate haze with soft outlines.

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Bionic pieces of furniture - for the garden and for the home - form a harmonious unity either with the surrounding landscape or with the interior as a whole, without arguing with it, but continuing the “given theme”.

2 Mimic and dissolve in the landscape or interior. Intrusive accents are not characteristic of living nature, therefore the bionics in the interior are not replete with an excess of colors and volumes, allowing the space to always remain airy and light. A sofa on a thin frame, a screen made of smoky glass, a mixer made of shiny steel, as if merging with a stream of water, indicate their presence, but do not impose it.

Smoked glass screens, ultra-thin mirrors, seats on frames made of tempered glass or wicker steel “float” and “dissolve” in the interior

3 Consist of high-tech materials. Architectural and object bionics actively use products of organic synthesis. Polymers, as well as metals and glass with new unusual properties, combine well with traditional “cozy” materials, and in addition, give interior items high strength and ensure ease of cleaning: “materials of the future” do not stick to dirt, they are lightweight, depending on destinations retain heat well or, on the contrary, do not heat up.

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Bionics in the interior cannot do without new high-tech materials, which not only create style, but also provide new level comfort.

4 Possess natural forms. The silhouettes of buildings and objects can be streamlined and smooth, like shells or living organisms, less often - strict, like crystals, but always harmonious. Curvilinear objects often tend to the shape of a drop of water, starfish, flower, orthogonal - to the prism.

Object bionics is characterized by harmonious forms borrowed from nature.

5 Give tactile pleasures. Without them, living nature is unthinkable, and therefore bionics in the interior appreciate small items streamlined shapes that seem to fit into the hand, rounded shapes of plastic products that follow the curves of the body, armchairs and sofas consisting entirely of soft surfaces.

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Bionic cushioned furniture- these are armchairs and sofas that are impossible to hit and which are so pleasant to sink into.

6 Be concise. Simple forms and clearly readable silhouettes are dictated by expediency, convenience and ergonomics, be it the silhouette of a building or a paper holder that looks like a tree knot, the outline of a sofa that resembles the outline of a hill or wave, or a bathtub in the form of a sink flap.

In bionics, laconicism, as an expression of the principle of unobtrusiveness, is characteristic of both furniture and accessories.

7 Showcase natural structure. Not only the external form, but also the “content” associated with it reminds of the connection with nature. The spherical building inside will appear as a series of caves-holes in soft rock, a glass prismatic table will demonstrate the cellularity of the internal compartments, the surface of a thermoplastic chair will reveal the porous structure of the material.

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Bionic interior items often copy the natural type of structure - for example, cellularity and porosity.

8 Be able to build according to a modular principle. The principle of a honeycomb and crystals precisely fitted to each other suggests ideas such as sectional buildings, modular furniture, which is convenient to combine and line up horizontally or vertically.

Parts of modular furniture are connected to each other like crystals of one substance.

9 Delight the eye with natural colors. Bionics in the interior welcomes shades of snow and soil, greenery, water and sky; they are the most popular in bionics. As in natural conditions, splashes of bright red or dazzling blue are delegated to single “accent” objects with subtle silhouettes.

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The bionic interior palette includes everything natural colors. It is important to adhere to their natural relationship: bright inclusions are allowed in the context of the predominance of the colors of the soil, vegetation, water and sky.

10 Wake up a sense of humor. Without it, the smartest design becomes coldly pragmatic. Without a bit of self-irony, you can’t “invent” a sofa that looks like a sponge and a bathtub, or a sculpture the size of a greenhouse tree in which you can plant plants.

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IN Lately It has become popular to combine new technologies with natural properties. Stylistic direction bionics embodies advanced technical ideas in unity with the natural laws of nature, which benefit man.

Speaking of design, bionics makes the room functional and comfortable. This interior should not have any sharp corners, no clear lines that are not characteristic of nature. Each element of the interior has streamlined shapes, like trees or clouds. Due to the airiness and lightness, as well as the lack of clear zoning of the room, a person will feel quite comfortable in a bionic room.

Color design in the interior "bionic"

As a rule, for natural interior shades characteristic of natural ones are selected. Here you will not find too poisonous or, conversely, monochrome color solutions. Blue, white, all shades of green, gray, pastel colors - this is what is used in bionics. Preference is given to textures and palettes reminiscent of snow, water, trees and sand. Glossy and mirror surfaces. In this case, the shades should combine well with each other. Only small contrasting accents are allowed, as happens during autumn leaf fall, when yellow-red leaves peek through the green crowns of trees in places.

Forms

Rounded outlines, lightness of shapes, smooth silhouettes give a coherent picture to bionics. There is no place for clear geometry here, because nature at its core is a harmonious asymmetry. The most natural and ergonomic shape is a drop, so teardrop-shaped contours are the most suitable for these interiors. In the shape of a drop, it can be an armchair, a sink in the bathroom, or a lampshade in a floor lamp.

Furniture

In a bionic interior, all furniture has smooth angles and shapes. As a rule, it is pleasant to the touch and adapts to the contours of its owner. Moreover, even visually, it must have at least indirect contact with nature, for example, the interweaving of threads. Furniture should blend harmoniously into the interior. Often designers use in such an interior modular furniture author's development.

Textiles and decor

The basic principles for choosing textiles are natural colors, with which you can easily indicate a connection with nature. There should be nothing on the windows that would block sunlight. If you still cannot do without curtains, then preference is given to blinds made of or straw. You can put beautiful pots with indoor plants on the windowsill.

It is better to choose natural color shades, and so that they are pleasant to the touch: linen, calico, cotton, silk.

All decorative items must emphasize bionic principles, so we choose comfortable, rounded, naturally fitting elements that do not contradict all of the above.

As you already understood, in the interior, made in the bionic style, ordinary furniture is not suitable, an individual approach is required here. The VekoNika company is ready to produce custom sizes and taking into account stylistic design premises.

Content:

Bionics is a fairly new trend in interior design. Its essence is the close connection between nature and the latest achievements of science. A powerful impetus for the intensive development of bionics in interior design< послужило стремительное развитие строительных технологий, поиск альтернативных источников энергии, глобальная урбанизация и появление новых экологичных строительных материалов.

The main postulate of bionics is the strong relationship between form and functionality in the surrounding nature. If it’s beautiful, it means it’s effective, and if an element has stood the test of time and development, it means it’s also functional.

A little history

Bionics appeared and began to actively develop in Europe in the twenties of the twentieth century, but it reached its full flowering only in the seventies, acquiring its current appearance and being recognized as an independent style. Growing and evolving like a beautiful, outlandish flower, every day it finds more and more admirers among people who are not alien to subtle taste and a sense of individuality, but who do not want to sacrifice rationality and environmental friendliness to please their aspirations.

The essence of bionics in relation to interiors

This style is based on transferring architectural elements and the interior of objects and motifs imitating objects of living nature.

Bionics in interior design is the most progressive, but at the same time, the most natural and close to nature direction, due to its desire to imitate forms natural to the surrounding nature. Characteristic elements This style is characterized by smooth lines and massive furnishings.

Textures and decorative elements interiors are repeated with the same harmony and the same grace that we are accustomed to seeing in living nature. A clear demarcation and zoning of space will be inappropriate here, as well as a clear transition between surfaces.

Bionics is based on the assertion that it is the forms that are natural to the surrounding nature that are the most perfect. And when designing the interior design of premises, one should strive for the same expressiveness and simplicity that is characteristic of nature. The main features of this style are the beauty and plasticity of forms.

At the same time, the traditional philosophy of this direction is to use a minimum of resources with maximum functionality and aesthetics of the work results.

The specialists of the Design Studio "ART HOUSE" will tell you how to create an interior in the Bionic style and will complete the design project with high quality, on time, at a competitive price.

About style

Bionic interior style emerged in Europe in the 1970s. Its characteristic features were: smooth lines and streamlined shapes, airiness, naturalness color range and soft illumination of the premises, ease of arrangement of objects in space and use natural textures or their imitations.

With the advent of many innovative materials and technologies with previously inaccessible properties, in the bionic style it became possible to imitate nature at a new high technical level. The name of the science that studies living organisms with the aim of borrowing the acquired knowledge into practical activities human - bionics - comes from the ancient Greek “βίον” - living or “bion” - cell of life). By applying such imitation in interior design, designers provide comfortable and practical, beautiful space for people's lives.

Scientists different professions often turned to nature to recreate its forms and movements in new man-made objects. At the end of the 15th century in Italy, Leonardo Da Vinci used the principle of a bird's wing to invent aircraft. In the 19th century, the Spanish architect Antonio Gaudi created unusual designs for schools and residential buildings that combined functionality with closeness to natural forms. In 1955, Swiss engineer Georges de Mistral patented a Velcro fastener, the idea for which was inspired by looking at a burdock under a microscope that clings to everything.

Bionic structures are scattered all over the world: this is the Opera House in Sydney, the Cypress House in Shanghai, the SONY skyscraper in Japan and the Dolphin House by architect Boris Levinzon in St. Petersburg. Environment provides unlimited scope for creativity for designers creating interior projects in the bionic style.

Color and light

Decoration in the bionic style most often involves natural shades of wood, green foliage, blue sky and turquoise waves, sandy shore, and stone. It is possible to harmoniously interweave small bright accents into a basic pastel background.

Combining with each other, these colors are designed to pacify and maintain the guest or guest of the room in balance. Bright hues prevail over the dark ones. But even White color, which has dozens of variations, will always be calm in a bionic interior due to correct use light sources and reflective surfaces.

The basis of lighting here is natural light, and frosted lamps complement the ceiling, are discreetly built into the walls or frame objects. Artificial lighting helps highlight certain areas of space.

Forms

The natural forms of the surrounding nature are perfect, but simply copying them is not enough. On my own Coffee table made of frosted blue glass in the shape of a pond, standing on wooden legs in the shape of roots, it is very beautiful, but it looks detached from the rest of the objects in the room. The task of a specialist creating a project in the bionic style is to harmoniously link together a maximum of vertical and horizontal forms.

The smoothness of the lines, the absence of sharp corners, and the streamlined details in this interior style assure us of safety. The simultaneous presence of a sense of movement and complete peace is a distinctive feature of a house built in the bionic style. Impressions depend on the angle of view, and change subtly when it changes.

A lawn-shaped room with a flower sofa, or a bedroom designed like a cave made of light stone with round holes allowing sunlight help to create an original environment, as if “transported” to your favorite oases. Relative symmetry, irregular shapes, cellular repetition reflect the unique natural beauty.

Materials and textures

Tree, a natural stone, leather naturally fit into the concept of a “living” home. Glass, sometimes colored, is also used to create an airy effect.

It is not uncommon to see layering of materials, as in the wall of a sea shell, or the division of one material into several layers, like the bark of a tree. In this way, the lightness of the structures is created.

Furniture

The bionic style is appreciated free space, and every piece of furniture must be functional. Thus, furniture can be discreetly built into the wall or stand alone, but it must be a combination of smooth transitions and smooth corners with ergonomics. Often wardrobes are a continuation of the walls, beds and sofas are sculpted in an asymmetrical round shape.

Specialists from the "ART HOUSE" Design Studio will help you create an interior in the Bionic style in Tyumen and the Tyumen region: with high quality, on time, at a competitive price.

Order a design project in this interior style