How to grow pomegranate at home. Exotic fruit at home: how to grow pomegranate from a seed. Pomegranate home plant care: pruning and replanting

Indoor pomegranate at home photo

Indoor pomegranate is also called dwarf pomegranate. Considering the fact that in nature these plants usually grow on saline lands or in rocky areas, one should not be surprised at their unpretentiousness. In apartments or houses, they adapt perfectly to the microclimate of the home. But still, let’s try to look at some of the nuances of breeding this crop.

Growing pomegranate from seed at home

Growing pomegranate at home, contrary to many opinions, is not a labor-intensive or complicated process. If you planted a plant as exotic decorative tree, both methods are equally suitable for you: from grain, or by layering. But to obtain a harvest and preserve the varietal qualities of the fruit, only the second of them should be used.

How to plant pomegranate at home from seed

As a material for planting and propagation, you can use seeds, which can be carefully collected from a plant flowering at home or purchased at specialized exhibitions and agrotechnical stores. For the best effect, they are soaked for a day in a solution with root growth stimulants (Kornevin).

Then they are sown in flowerpots and covered transparent film. With the appearance of the first shoots, you can remove the improvised greenhouse and place the plant in a well-lit and warm place.

To grow pomegranates from seeds at home, it is important to properly prepare them for germination by carefully removing the pulp, rinsing them in cool water and drying them thoroughly. This point is really important because it helps prevent them from rotting.

It is advisable to plant the seeds to a depth of 1 cm in a loose soil mixture (peat and black soil - 1:2), while not forgetting about drainage. The location here must be chosen in the same way as in the case of seeds - where there is enough sunlight. As the earthen ball dries, it should be moistened.

You should know that sowing seeds often does not bring the desired result and this method is used mainly when breeding new breeding products and when it is not possible to use layering.

How to grow homemade dwarf pomegranate from seed video

Growing pomegranate at home using cuttings

Grow pomegranate room care at home, which will be easiest to carry out, you can propagate it using ordinary cuttings. This method is considered the most common due to full preservation genetic material and high survival rates. The quality of the harvest and the seedling’s resistance to diseases will ultimately depend on this.

For layering, at the very beginning of spring, the middle (about 15 cm) of an adult stem with 3-4 buds is selected.
Next, you can place the cutting in water or treat it with Kornevin to stimulate growth.
The soil for rooting does not differ from that recommended for germinating seeds.

If all stages are carried out properly, then within a month the pomegranate will form a primary root system, and new branches will begin to appear from the buds. Strong pomegranate trees are usually planted in separate pots after 1-2 months.

Pomegranate indoor care at home photo

Caring for pomegranate at home is simple. In summer, it is even planted in open ground to decorate the flower garden in an original way. The main thing is to take into account that shaded areas are suitable for this culture. This will avoid sunburn.

When growing home pomegranate, care should include systematic spraying and abundant watering, and in the spring it would not be a bad idea to apply light nitrogen-containing fertilizers. This will help the flower recover more quickly from the cold season, enhance growth and have a beneficial effect on the density of the bush and the richness of the color of the leaves. In summer, experienced gardeners recommend using fertilizers with phosphorus to stimulate the appearance of buds and the beginning of flowering.

If growth is weak and there is a small amount of ovary, it is necessary to reconsider the temperature regime, humidity level, watering frequency or location. To prepare a crop such as pomegranate for wintering, home care will include the application of complex mineral fertilizers, alternating them with potash fertilizers.

During this period, the plant may change, dropping its foliage - this is a completely normal phenomenon. But, since the plant loves fresh air, it is worth taking it out onto the loggia, while avoiding sub-zero temperatures and drafts. As for the frequency of watering in general, in winter their number can be reduced to 1-2 times a month. Is it true this advice is relevant only for mature seedlings; young ones will need more moisture.

Growing homemade pomegranate and caring for it video

Pomegranate home plant care: pruning and replanting

Those who are wondering how to care for pomegranates at home should not forget about the formation of the bush. Typically, shoots growing inwards are removed, as well as all dry branches. It is best to do this in the off-season, then the pomegranate will grow fluffy and beautiful.

You can grow a pomegranate plant at home in the form of a compact tree or shrub. With the onset of heat, the so-called stimulation of branching is carried out, leaving the shoot so long that there are from 2 to 5 pairs of leaves on it. To avoid excessive thickening, you need to prune on the buds looking inside the bush.

In order for a pomegranate to grow full and healthy at home, it is advisable not to replant it in a new pot for at least 3 years. After this, you can replace the depleted one every spring with minerals soil and the flowerpots themselves are larger in size. Chernozem and turf soil are excellent for pomegranate. It is also important to remember the need for drainage (small pebbles work great) to protect the roots from rotting.

Trimming homemade pomegranate video

Bottom line

Indoor or dwarf garnet caring for it at home, which really does not take much effort and time from gardeners, is often bred by those who want to get to know the art of bonsai better. And it is not surprising, since with high-quality pruning and pinching, the plant can be given almost any shape. Whatever you choose this culture for: getting tasty and useful fruits or for aesthetic pleasure, following simple rules and recommendations, the result will not be long in coming.

Tree pomegranate (lat. Punica), or grenade launcher- a genus of small trees and shrubs of the Derbennikov family, which not so long ago was called the Pomegranate family. The Latin name of the plant comes from the word Punic (or Carthaginian), since pomegranate is widespread in the territory of modern Tunisia (in the distant past of Carthage). The Russian name of the tree comes from the Latin word granatus, translated meaning “grainy”. IN Ancient world the plant was called the grain apple, and in the Middle Ages it received the name seed apple. By the way, Italians still believe that the pomegranate was the apple that tempted Eve. Today, pomegranate is found wild in Southern Europe and Western Asia. Only one species of the genus is grown in cultivation - the common pomegranate.

Pomegranate fruits are not only tasty, but also healthy, and it is not surprising that many plant lovers, not being able to grow pomegranate tree in the garden, they grow it on their windowsill literally from pomegranate seeds - that’s what botanists call the fruits of this southern plant. In this article we will tell you how to grow a pomegranate from a seed, how to care for a pomegranate at home, how to water a pomegranate, how to replant a pomegranate, how to plant a homemade pomegranate, why pomegranate leaves turn yellow, why pomegranates fall off, what are the harms and benefits of pomegranates , and we will also answer other questions you ask in your letters.

Listen to the article

Planting and caring for pomegranate (in brief)

Bloom: three years after planting.
Lighting: bright diffused light.
Temperature: during active growth– 18-25 ˚C, during the rest period – 12-15 ˚C.
Watering: during the growing season - often and abundantly, but during flowering, watering is reduced. In winter, watering is infrequent.
Air humidity: In hot weather, evening spraying of leaves with warm water is recommended.
Feeding: from spring to autumn twice a month with mineral complexes for indoor plants with a low nitrogen content. In winter, the plant is not fed.
Rest period: from late autumn to February. A plant in need of rest begins to shed its leaves.
Transfer: young plants are replanted annually, and those that have reached three years of age, only when the roots fill the earthen ball.
Trimming: in February, to stimulate branching and give the crown shape.
Reproduction: cuttings, grafting and seeds.
Pests: It is affected by mealybugs, spider mites, scale insects, aphids, codling moths and whiteflies.
Diseases: branch cancer, root rot.

Read more about growing pomegranate below.

Homemade pomegranate - description

The pomegranate plant is a long-living deciduous plant from the subtropics, up to 5-6 m high in nature and rarely higher than two meters in room conditions. Pomegranate branches are prickly and thin. The oval and glossy light green leaves of pomegranate reach a length of 3 cm. Pomegranate flowering begins at the very end of spring and lasts all summer. The red-orange pomegranate flowers come in two types: the bisexual and pitcher-shaped pomegranate flower sets fruit, while the numerous bell-shaped flowers are sterile. The spherical pomegranate fruit is a large berry with a leathery pericarp and can reach a diameter of 18 cm. The pomegranate peel can be yellow-orange, red-brown or any shade in between. The berry, divided into 6-12 chambers or nests located in two tiers, contains pomegranate seeds in quantities of up to 1200 or more pieces. Each seed is surrounded by a succulent cover. Pomegranate usually begins to bear fruit in three years old. Full fruiting lasts from 7 to 40 years.

Indoor pomegranate today is as popular as indoor lemon, coffee tree, orange, mango, date palm and other exotics that cannot be grown in gardens due to the discrepancy between our climate and the conditions usual for tropical and subtropical fruit trees. But growing homemade pomegranate is a hobby for passionate people, and you should understand that your efforts may not bring the expected results. Pomegranate from seeds at home is a very realistic goal, but it can only be realized if optimal conditions for the plant are observed and timely and proper care is observed.

Indoor pomegranate from seed

How to grow pomegranate at home

How to grow pomegranate from seed? Fresh seeds of ripe, healthy and beautiful pomegranate can be used as seed material. You should know that pomegranates sold in stores and markets are hybrids, so homemade pomegranate fruits grown from their seeds will not retain the taste of the parent variety, although the decorativeness of the plant may be beyond praise. It is best if you get hold of a ripe and tasty indoor pomegranate fruit. The seeds are removed from the fruit and the pulp is removed. The seeds should be cream in color and feel firm to the touch - soft and greenish seeds are not suitable for growing. Soak the seeds for 12 hours in water with two or three drops of Zircon or Epin added to stimulate the germination process. The solution should not cover the seeds completely - in addition to moisture, they need oxygen.

How to plant a pomegranate

Pomegranate is grown in a loose substrate consisting of fertile soil, peat and sand. For this purpose, you can purchase universal primer in the store. flower plants– pomegranate is unpretentious to the composition of the soil. Prepared and dried pomegranate seeds are buried 1-1.5 cm into the substrate, lightly watered, cover the container with polyethylene or glass and place in a place well lit by the sun. If pomegranate is planted at the end of winter or early spring, then in a couple of weeks you can expect seedlings to appear, and seeds planted at other times of the year can sit in the ground for several months.

How to care for a pomegranate seedling

Growing pomegranate at home requires creating optimal comfort for it. The conditions for growing pomegranate include maintaining the room temperature within 25 ºC, regular ventilation and spraying the substrate with warm water.

When the first true leaves form on the seedlings, plant the seedlings, shortening the root by a third, in small separate pots with nutritious soil and with drainage layer under him. Place the pomegranate on the lightest window sill - it needs to be under direct sun rays no less than 2 hours a day. For those who have ascended to winter time sprouts you will have to arrange additional lighting.

Once the seedlings have formed three pairs of leaves, pinch them back to encourage the pomegranate to grow with two crowns. When three pairs of leaves are formed on each shoot, pinch them too so that the pomegranate grows into a lush tree.

Maintain the temperature in the room in which the young pomegranate is growing within 20 ºC, providing it with regular ventilation. In summer, it is better to take homemade pomegranate out onto the balcony or terrace, since the plant loves fresh air and sunlight. Ten months after germination, you can see pomegranate blooming.

In the fall, the tree will shed its leaves and enter a dormant state. You can, of course, make it grow in winter, but this quickly gets tired and depleted of the tree - everyone needs rest, and pomegranate is no exception. Move the indoor pomegranate to a room with a temperature of 10-12 ºC, stop feeding, reduce watering to the required minimum and let the plant rest for a month or two. After a period of dormancy, leaves will appear on the pomegranate again, and it will become more beautiful than before.

Caring for pomegranate in a pot

Watering pomegranate

Water the pomegranate seedlings at the root so that water does not get on the leaves - for this it is better to use a watering can with a narrow spout. The substrate in the pot should be barely damp at all times. During pomegranate flowering, watering is reduced, but the soil in the pot should not be allowed to dry out. Water for irrigation should not be cold - 1-2 degrees warmer than the air in the room, and should stand for at least 24 hours.

The reduction in watering can be compensated by spraying the leaves of the plant with non-cold boiled water.

During the dormant period, watering the plants is reduced significantly.

Pomegranate fertilizer

During the seedling period, to stimulate the development of seedlings, you can dilute half a teaspoon of wood ash in half a liter of water and water the plant with this nutrient solution. From spring to autumn, the pomegranate tree is fertilized every two weeks with universal liquid fertilizers for indoor plants. If you grow pomegranate for its fruits, which you intend to eat, then it is better not to fertilize mineral fertilizers that contain too many nitrates, and organic ones - slurry or a solution of chicken droppings. But keep in mind: if a pomegranate is overfed with nitrogen, it will not bloom, which means it will not bear fruit.

Pomegranate transplant

In indoor conditions, pomegranate should grow in a cramped pot - the larger the container in which it grows, the more it forms sterile bell-shaped flowers. The first time a pomegranate is replanted is a year later. In the future, replanting is carried out no earlier than the pomegranate root fills the entire pot. Each subsequent container should be 2-3 cm larger in diameter than the previous one. When the pomegranate is 4 years old, it is no longer replanted, but is replaced annually in the pot upper layer substrate.

Pomegranate trimming

A pomegranate is formed in the form of a bush with 3-4 skeletal branches or a tree with a low trunk and 4-5 skeletal branches. Subsequently, 4-5 second-order branches are laid on each skeletal branch, on which third-order branches can subsequently be formed. Excess and fatty shoots are cut out, as well as root shoots. With age, old branches that will no longer produce crops are cut out. Pomegranate bears fruit on the shoots of the current year.

Pests and diseases of pomegranate

Homemade pomegranate, like any indoor plant, can be affected by pests - mealybugs, spider mites, scale insects, aphids, moths and whiteflies. Diseases of homemade pomegranates are root cancer, Phomopsis or branch cancer, gray rot and leaf spot. Aphids are destroyed with a two-day infusion of 40 g of tobacco in 1 liter hot water, which after infusion is diluted with water 1:2 and 4 g of grated laundry soap are added to it. Whiteflies, spider mites and scale insects die after treating the pomegranate with an infusion of garlic or onion: 20 g of husk is poured into a liter of water, left for 5 days and filtered. You can get rid of the codling moth only by collecting fallen fruits affected by the pest and removing diseased pomegranates from the tree that have not yet fallen. Can be used to control pests chemicals: get rid of mealybugs by triple treating the pomegranate with an interval of 5-6 days with Confidor, Mospilan or Aktara, and get rid of spider mites with acaricides Aktellik or Fitoverm.

Root cancer, like branch cancer, is manifested by cracking of the bark and the formation of wounds with spongy swellings, drying out of shoots, branches, and in case of severe damage, the entire tree. At the first signs of the disease, it is necessary to clean the wounds to healthy tissue, treat them with a solution of copper sulfate and cover them with garden varnish. If there are many such areas, cut the tree down to a stump - perhaps this way you will be able to save it. Most often, the disease occurs due to mechanical damage to the bark and wood of the pomegranate.

Pomegranate turns yellow

Readers often ask why pomegranates turn yellow. If you do not find pests on the pomegranate tree, in particular spider mites, then it may be suffering from too high air temperatures. Pomegranate also turns yellow if there is a lack of water in the soil, but yellowing in this case is accompanied by the appearance of dark spots on the leaves.

The pomegranate falls

If pomegranate leaves fall off, this may be a consequence of their yellowing, and the reasons for this phenomenon are the same as for sudden yellowing of leaves - spider mites or other pests, diseases, too high an air temperature or insufficient watering. Leaf fall also begins for a natural reason - pomegranate is a deciduous tree, therefore, both in indoor cultivation and in nature, pomegranates fall at the end of the growing season, when they are preparing for wintering.

Pomegranate is drying

Pomegranate leaves dry out for a reason insufficient humidity air or due to problems with roots that arose because you repeatedly violated the watering regime. Smell the soil in which the pomegranate is growing, and if it smells strongly of mold, immediately transplant the plant into a new substrate, inspecting its roots and removing rotten areas if necessary. Wounds on the roots are treated with crushed coal.

Indoor pomegranate - reproduction

How to propagate pomegranate

Indoor pomegranate is propagated by seed, as well as vegetatively - by grafting and cuttings. We have already written that a pomegranate grown from a seed does not always retain the varietal characteristics of the parent tree, but a varietal cutting can be grafted onto these seedlings. Pomegranates grown from cuttings and layering retain the characteristics of the mother plant completely.

Pomegranate from cuttings

For cuttings, trimmings from the current year's growths about 10 cm long are prepared. Cuttings can also be cut from root shoots. First, the cuttings are placed for 6 hours with the lower cut in a solution of a root formation stimulator, then washed under running water and planted in a substrate consisting of equal proportions from peat and sand, deepening the lower cut by 2-3 cm, and covering the cuttings to create a greenhouse effect with a transparent dome or plastic bottles with the neck cut off. Keep the cuttings on a light windowsill. When they give roots, and this can happen in 6-10 weeks, they can be planted in separate pots with soil for citrus plants or with a mixture of sand, humus, turf and leaf soil in a ratio of 1:1:2:2. If you provide the pomegranate from the cuttings with good care, it can bloom in the second or third year after planting. It is also possible to propagate pomegranates by lignified cuttings, but they take even longer to take root, and many of them die.

How to graft pomegranate

Pomegranate can be propagated by grafting at home. To obtain a varietal plant, a varietal cutting is grafted onto a pomegranate rootstock grown from a seed. Only a fruiting pomegranate can produce the cuttings required for grafting. Vaccination is carried out different ways– it all depends on the thickness of the rootstock and scion cuttings. Currently, more than 150 types of vaccinations have been developed, and you will have to decide for yourself which one to choose. The simplest to perform, and therefore the most common, vaccinations are considered to be simple copulation, copulation with a tongue (English), behind the bark, in the cleft, in the butt and in the side cut. If the grafting is successful, the pomegranate will bloom in 3-4 years.

Types and varieties of homemade pomegranate

There are only two known types of pomegranate - Common pomegranate (Punica granatum) And Socotra pomegranate (Punica protopunica), which is endemic to the Yemeni island of Socotra. The Socotran pomegranate has flowers that are not crimson, but pink, and the fruits are not as large and sweet as those of the common pomegranate. You could read the description of the common pomegranate at the beginning of the article.

Due to its popularity, the dwarf pomegranate, which has a hybrid origin, is separated into a separate species, Punica nana, because it is the one most often grown indoors, including in the form of a bonsai. The species is distinguished by its short growth - no more than 1 m - and early fruiting. Plants begin to bloom within 3-4 months, and two-year-old trees form about a dozen small fruits up to 5 cm in diameter. What makes nana pomegranate an ideal plant for growing indoors is its resistance to dry air. This species, unlike varieties of common pomegranate, almost does not shed leaves for the winter.

Breeders have developed more than 500 varieties of pomegranate, many of which can be grown indoors. For example:

Uzbekistan– in room conditions, this variety of pomegranate grows up to 2 m. Its fruits are spherical, bright red, weighing up to 120 g, thin peel, sweet and sour grains of wine burgundy color;
Baby- a plant up to half a meter high with single or collected in bunches of 5-7 flowers and yellow-brown with a red blush fruits with a diameter of 5-7 cm, ripening by mid-winter. Plants of this variety require artificial pollination;
Carthage– pomegranate, blooming from May to August with red flowers up to 4 cm in diameter and juicy, tasty, slightly sour fruits;
Shah-nar– a variety of Azerbaijani selection with round or pear-shaped red fruits in a peel of medium thickness and with small grains of a pleasant sweet and sour taste;
Ruby– trees of this variety grow up to 70 cm in height. They differ from plants of other varieties more bright flowers ruby hue. Fruits at good care reach a mass of 100 g and 6-8 cm in diameter.

The varieties Kzyl-anar, Vanderful, Ulfi, Lod-Zhuar, Ak-Dona, Gyuleysha red and pink, Purpurovy, Salavatsky and others are also common in garden culture. If you want to have a pomegranate at home, you can grow any variety of common pomegranate, even a vigorous one - at home it is still unlikely to grow above 2 m.

Properties of pomegranate - harm and benefit

Pomegranate is one of the healthiest fruits. Its fruits contain vitamins P, C, B12, B6, fiber, sodium, iodine, phosphorus, iron, potassium, manganese, calcium and magnesium. Pomegranate juice contains sugars - fructose and glucose, malic, tartaric, citric, oxalic, succinic, boric and other organic acids, sulfate and chloride salts, phytoncides, tannin, tannins and nitrogenous substances.

The presence in the fruits of all these necessary for human body substances and causes beneficial features grenade. It quenches thirst, improves hematopoiesis, promoting the production of hemoglobin and the formation of red blood cells in the blood, strengthens the walls of blood vessels, the nervous system and immunity. An infusion of pomegranate fruits and flowers is one of the oldest hemostatic agents. For older people, pomegranate is recommended to restore strength after surgery.

Pomegranate is rich in vitamin K, necessary for metabolism in connective tissues and bones, and in particular for the absorption of calcium. Pomegranate slows down the development of osteoarthritis, relieving inflammation and swelling of cartilage tissue.

Pomegranate juice, which, among other things, helps normalize blood pressure, is indicated as a hematopoietic agent for diseases of the heart, circulatory system, kidneys, lungs and liver, and the estrogens contained in pomegranate ease the symptoms of menopause and help fight depression.

Pomegranate - essential product for vegetarians, since its juice contains 15 amino acids, almost half of which are found primarily in meat products. Thus, someone who has consciously given up animal food by eating pomegranate may not experience a lack of animal proteins. Pomegranate juice has a diuretic and choleretic effect, as well as analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

The benefit of pomegranate is also that it is an excellent remedy for scurvy, uric acid diathesis, atherosclerosis, headaches and gastrointestinal disorders. People who have been exposed to radiation, live in areas of increased radiation and work with radioactive isotopes are strongly recommended to use pomegranate juice. It is also indicated for anemia, hypertension, malaria, bronchial asthma and diabetes.

Containing alkaloids, pomegranate peel has a strong anthelmintic property. A decoction of it is also used for inflammation of the liver and kidneys, joints and eyes. It helps both as a gargle for a sore throat and for intestinal disorders. And lightly toasted with olive or butter Pomegranate peel powder is used as a mask for oily facial skin, as well as for the treatment of burns, cracks and abrasions.

Pomegranate seeds - effective remedy to increase intestinal motility and a source of valuable pomegranate oil, which, due to the high content of fat-soluble vitamins E and F, promotes rapid healing of wounds, regeneration of epidermal cells, rejuvenates and protects the human body from cancer. And pomegranate extract restores skin after too much sun exposure.

The white films separating the chambers with seeds inside the pomegranate fruit are dried and added to tea, since they have the property of balancing the state of the nervous system, relieving agitation, anxiety and relieving insomnia.

In traditional medicine, decoctions and tinctures are made from the fruits, flowers, peel, bark and seeds of pomegranate to treat anemia, stomatitis, diarrhea, burns, conjunctivitis and other diseases.

Pomegranate - contraindications

Pomegranate juice, saturated with acids, is contraindicated for gastritis with increased acidity, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum. If necessary, it is heavily diluted with water. For the same reason, the harm of pomegranate can manifest itself by corroding tooth enamel, so after eating pomegranate or its juice, you need to brush your teeth and rinse your mouth thoroughly with water. The constipating property of pomegranate may cause constipation in people with problems digestive system, and the toxic substances contained in the peel in case of an overdose of the decoction can cause a strong increase blood pressure, weakness, dizziness, convulsions, sharp deterioration of vision and irritation of the mucous membrane, so before using decoctions, be sure to consult a doctor.

4.3541666666667 Rating 4.35 (48 votes)

Back
Forward

After this article they usually read

Amateur flower growers have long learned to grow at home many exotic plants that grow in nature only in certain areas. climatic zones. You can often find pineapple, lemon, figs and even peaches on windowsills. was no exception.

This is a dwarf variety bred through selection. Something worthwhile can bring a festive atmosphere to your home just by its appearance. After all, in a plant such as a pomegranate, flowers of purple hues adorn the crown for a very long time, and even when fruits begin to set and ripen in their place, the beauty of the tree will not fade.

Pomegranate - a favorite of gardeners

But it is popular not only because of its exoticism and almost year-round flowering, which adds zest to any interior, but also because of the very tasty fruits and the invaluable health benefits that both the bark and leaves provide.

Crown formation rules

The tree, grown at home, lends itself very well to molding, therefore it gives very large scope for realizing the fantasies of all lovers of the art of bonsai. To do this, homemade pomegranate needs to be trimmed from the very first year of life.

Regular “haircutting” will make it possible to form a fairly lush crown, which has a large number of skeletal branches. This should be done in early February, then in early spring young shoots will appear that will bloom and bear fruit. When forming, it should be taken into account that weak shoots must be completely removed, and the rest must be shortened by half.

Nuances of caring for dwarf pomegranate

A pomegranate grown in this way will produce flowers within 2-3 years of life, but you should still pay attention to caring for the plant. Although it is quite simple, it has its own subtleties:

The pot for the pomegranate tree should be narrow. This promotes more abundant fruiting.
Since in nature it grows on rocky slopes, even at home it is completely undemanding to soil fertility. Enough in equal parts mix leaf humus, river sand, peat and turf soil.
This plant needs abundant watering, but it should be taken into account that pomegranate does not tolerate waterlogged soils. Therefore, you need to water the plant well only when the top layer of soil is sufficiently dry. And in spring and summer, combine it with liquid feeding.
Only a young tree needs annual replanting, while an adult tree will need to be replanted only once every four years.
Since pomegranate is a deciduous crop, after the leaves fall off, it should be moved to a cool room for the entire dormant period. The latter can serve as a loggia, veranda or cellar.

For such a completely undemanding plant as pomegranate, care involves “walking”. With the onset of constant warmth, you can take it out into the garden or place it on the balcony.

What diseases can this tree have?

Although the dwarf pomegranate is unpretentious, growing it at home can contribute to the development of some diseases. The most common is the appearance spider mite. You can get rid of it by periodically spraying the plant with an oil emulsion or garlic tincture. But when carrying out this procedure, you should carefully cover the ground with a film to avoid getting the product on it. The temperature of the solutions should be no higher than 30 degrees.

Severe yellowing and falling of leaves may also begin before the growing season is over. Most often, this disease is caused by whiteflies that feed on plant sap. When fighting it, only the Derris product can help, the treatment of which must be carried out several times.

Abundant flowering is the key to good fruiting

Properly grown pomegranate flowers at home have 2 types - male, which are the majority, and female, often collected in inflorescences. They are slightly different in shape, which makes the plant even more exotic, because at this time the whole tree is simply strewn with bright purple flowers with big amount stamens It is easy to care for and does not require additional pollination.

Those who want to have a larger number of fruits need to know a small subtlety involved in the growing process. It lies in the fact that the plant needs cool water, and during flowering the room temperature should not exceed 20 degrees. To prevent the pomegranate from fattening up, growing a large amount of tops, and producing many male flowers, you need to take a pot that is narrow and small in size.

Many gardeners use another trick - reduce watering. But you should be careful with this and not overdo it. It is better to have not such a large number of ovaries than to allow the plant to die from thirst.

The unique properties of indoor pomegranate

It is not for nothing that many gardeners strive to grow pomegranates at home. This plant is not only very beautiful and decorative, but also has medicinal properties. In ancient times, it was considered a medicine that could cure 100 diseases. It helps with many ailments.

Fruit membranes are used to lower blood pressure and also as a sedative. It is also used as an excellent remedy for anemia, and is also recommended for people living in areas with high background radiation. For any inflammatory or cold diseases, pomegranate will help relieve painful sensations and quickly bring down the temperature.

IN folk cosmetology A paste made from mashed leaves has found widespread use. It helps get rid of pigmentation, reduces oily skin and strengthens hair. And in cooking they use not only the juice and grains of this plant, but also flowers.

Secrets of cultivation

When a pomegranate produces flowers in large quantities, but the formation of fruits is minimal, it is worth paying attention to the container in which it grows. You need, as already mentioned, narrow and small in size. Also, during the wintering period it is necessary to move the tree to a fairly cool room. Its branches, which are quite thin, may break under the weight of ripening fruits. To avoid this, you need to use supports.

And if the leaves are covered with brown spots and begin to fall off, it means that the soil of the tree is dry. Accordingly, the watering regime should be changed. But during the period when the fruits ripen, watering should be moderate to prevent cracking of the peel. The crown should be formed only before the beginning of the growing season, so as not to interfere with flowering.

In the case when the plant is grown not from cuttings, but from seeds, only grains with pulp should be taken. Dried seeds lose their ability to germinate well. Many experienced gardeners who have been growing dwarf pomegranates for a long time recommend soaking the grains overnight in a solution of stimulants or warm milk before planting. This exotic plant can only bring joy to your home, so don’t be afraid of those small difficulties that may arise.

Indoor or decorative garnet V last years has gained great popularity among amateur gardeners. Grow yourself such a useful and beautiful plant maybe even a novice florist.

In nature, perennials of this genus grow en masse in Eastern Transcaucasia and Central Asia. The western limit of the natural habitat reaches the coast in Asia Minor, and in the south - the shores of the Arabian Sea.

Deciduous, fruit bush or a tree, no more than 5-6 m high, with thin, prickly shoots. Leaves with a glossy surface. The flower is funnel-shaped, orange-red in color. Flowering is attractive, but requires sufficient lighting. After flowering, spherical and large fruits and berries are formed, having a leathery pericarp.

Pomegranate blooms are attractive, but require sufficient lighting

Description of popular pomegranate varieties

In home floriculture - a shrub plant or a low tree. Average height the aboveground part may slightly exceed one and a half meters.

For growing on a windowsill in a pot

Dwarf pomegranate is most often grown indoors Carthage and unpretentious variety Baby.

The dwarf variety is represented by a low-growing tree with a height of the above-ground part of no more than 80-90 cm. Growing this variety from seeds is not difficult, but peak fruiting, in this case, occurs in the sixth or seventh year. Germination rates of seed material may vary, but do not exceed 65-70%. Fruits with a diameter of 50-60 mm, sweet and sour taste.

Varietal feature "Baby" is short stature. The height of the above-ground part does not exceed half a meter. The foliage is elongated, growing in groups evenly distributed along the branches. It begins to bear fruit around the third or fourth year. The stable germination rate of seed material is just over 50%. Fruits are no more than 30-40 mm in size.

In home floriculture, pomegranate is a shrub plant or a low tree.

Gallery: pomegranate at home (25 photos)

Pomegranate varieties for open ground

The main difference between varieties intended for cultivation in open ground, is unpretentiousness, as well as resistance to adverse external factors. Despite the fact that such varieties require compliance with care technology, they fruits are more valuable and have high taste qualities:

popular variety "Gelyuisha", characterized by thin-skinned fruits of an original elongated shape with high juiciness and sweet taste;
heat-loving variety "Ak Don Crimean" produces large fruits oval shape, covered with a light skin with reddish spots and a slight blush. Taste qualities good, almost no sourness;
early ripening variety "Kizil-anor" allows harvesting in last decade September. Characterized by medium-sized fruits and a sweetish-sour taste of ripe grains;
variety "Pink stripe"– forms a semi-shrub plant with large oval-shaped fruits. The resulting juice is characterized by a pronounced aroma and sour taste;
variety "Wonderful" with soft seeds and medium-sized sweet fruits that fully ripen in early October. The fruits are whitish-yellow, with a very characteristic crimson blush.

No less popular low-growing variety "Nikitsky early", which has an excellent sweet and sour taste.

Features of growing pomegranate (video)

Technology for growing pomegranate from seeds in a pot

It is not difficult to germinate a fruit crop from a seed. It is important to remember that a bush grown in this way certainly enters the fruiting stage much later than a ready-made sprout or seedling planted.

How to germinate pomegranate seeds at home

It is best to plant fresh seeds that have increased germination rates. Starting from the second year of life, subject to the rules of planting and care, the indoor plant begins to bear fruit. In this case, the fruits ripen only if the perennial has managed to grow a sufficient amount of vegetative mass by the time of flowering.

Pomegranate grows quite well in almost any soil composition

Requirements for soil and flower pot

As a rule, the crop grows quite well in almost any soil composition. However, experts recommend giving preference to loose, moisture-permeable and breathable soil mixtures that have a neutral reaction at the 7rn level. Perfectly prepared soil is ideal for planting and growing, intended for cultivating roses or begonias.

Despite the fact that the fruit-bearing tropical crop grows very well in fairly close planting containers, when choosing flower pot it is advisable to give preference to wide, but not too deep, sustainable models with drainage holes. A good layer of drainage must be poured onto the bottom, which can be represented by expanded clay or large river pebbles.

Pomegranate grows very well in fairly tight planting containers

How to plant a seed correctly

You can sow seeds in almost any universal nutritious soil substrate, but before planting you must add a small amount of perlite. The average sowing depth of seed material is approximately 7-8mm.

At temperature indicators indoors at a level of 22-25°C, the crops will not need to provide a greenhouse effect. At lower temperatures, it is imperative to cover the crops with film or glass. The seed sprouts quite quickly, and in the presence of the most comfortable microclimate and compliance with a full range of care measures, the young plant blooms in about eight or nine months.

Caring for indoor pomegranate at home

Caring for fruit crops at home is not too difficult. Nevertheless, It is imperative to adhere to the growing rules:

good light levels are the main condition for growing an indoor perennial, its proper development and stable flowering. In summer, you can take the plant to the balcony or plant it in open ground;
The heat-loving perennial grows and develops quite well at moderate temperatures within 25-30°C. When too high temperature the plant is capable of losing foliage en masse, as well as buds falling off and growth processes slowing down significantly. Low temperatures are also very harmful. At sub-zero temperatures, the crop dies;
You need to water the indoor flower moderately, only after the top layer of the nutrient substrate in the pot has dried well enough. Water for irrigation must be settled, soft, and only at room temperature;
from mid-winter to mid-summer, the crop requires nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, which is due to the active formation of buds and preparation for the stage of abundant flowering.

It should be remembered that air humidity levels should be moderate. If the humidity level is too low, it is recommended to frequently spray the above-ground part of the indoor flower with cool, clean water.

Good light levels are the main condition for growing indoor perennials.

Planting pomegranate in open ground

Growing a perennial crop in open ground is possible only in regions with a warm climate. Fruiting can also be obtained only with strict compliance with all care recommendations at all stages of the growing season. The main techniques of correct agricultural technology include moderate watering, mulching, fertilizing, protecting the root system and above-ground parts from frost, as well as preventive spraying against diseases and pests. Besides everything else, you need to approach the issue of selecting and preparing a site for planting very carefully.

Choosing and preparing a place in the garden

Despite the fact that the fruit plant is quite unpretentious, but still, when cultivated in open ground conditions, such the perennial grows best in areas with crushed stone and well-drained soils. A sun-loving crop must be grown in the lightest and well-protected area from the winds.

Among other things, the planting pit must be generously filled with organic matter in the form of very well-rotted manure. The root system of seedlings before planting can be treated with growth stimulants, which will facilitate adaptation. It is also necessary to make drainage based on expanded clay and crushed stone.

How to grow pomegranate at home (video)

When and how to plant pomegranate seedlings

Planting is carried out in the spring. The planting hole should ideally measure approximately 60x70cm. Before you start planting, you need to fill the drainage with approximately 15-20 cm of fertile soil, a bucket of a mixture based on humus and garden soil, as well as a mixture of rotted manure and soil.

If there is a very clay soil, be sure to add a sufficient amount of medium-grained sand. The root system of the seedling is installed on a mound, after which the roots are very carefully straightened and sprinkled with nutritious soil substrate. After planting, be sure to provide abundant watering, mulching and shading for the first few days.

Pomegranate is planted in the spring.

Features of plant transplantation

Indoor crops need replanting, not plants grown in open ground. This feature is due to the fact that the culture needs a cramped pot, and too spacious a planting container causes the formation of a large number of sterile bell-shaped flowers. The first transplant is carried out after about a year, and further measures are carried out as needed, as soon as the root system has completely filled the entire volume of the flower pot. Adult specimens do not need replanting.

Indoor crops need replanting, not plants grown in open ground.

Terms and rules for pomegranate pruning

So that the plant retains its attractive appearance for a long time appearance, and also pleased with fruiting, it is necessary to trim the crown in a timely and correct manner. All old and thickening, as well as diseased branches are pruned annually. The most convenient option is to grow in open ground, leave a maximum of five branches on one bush.

Formation is done in the spring or immediately after harvest. Only the strongest and most well-developed shoots should remain on the bushes, directed in different directions, and the middle of the plant should receive sufficient lighting. All root shoots of garden pomegranate, as well as any thickening shoots, must be removed. In addition to proper crown formation, it is very important to perform anti-aging pruning every twenty years.

All old and thickening, as well as diseased branches are pruned annually.

Pomegranate tree propagation

As a rule, garden and indoor pomegranate trees are propagated in several ways: through standard cuttings and using seed material. Both methods are quite accessible even for novice gardeners.

Cuttings

Cuttings are the best way to completely preserve all the varietal properties of the parent plant. For propagation using cuttings, cut from a fruiting branch on an adult crop planting material having five or six buds. A couple of lower buds need to be removed, after which the cuttings are soaked in a solution based on a root formation stimulator for four hours. Then cuttings are planted in pre-prepared and well-moistened soil with a depth of 30-40mm. Greenhouse conditions must be created for plantings.

Cuttings are the best way to fully preserve all varietal properties of the parent plant

Seeds

Quite simple and quite affordable way. All seed material must first be soaked in a solution based on growth stimulants for about seven hours, after which it is sown to a depth of one and a half centimeters, followed by moistening the soil and creating a greenhouse effect. Very important Carefully monitor soil moisture levels and perform ventilation, and after the fourth leaf appears on the seedlings, you need to completely remove the shelter.

Pomegranate grows best in regions with arid climates and hot summers.

Diseases and pests of the guarantor

To prevent damage to pomegranate bushes and trees by bacterial and other diseases, at the stage of active vegetation, immediately before flowering and immediately after it, the above-ground part is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture. After treatment, it is recommended to coat the trunk part and thickest branches with a 20% lime-based solution. Mechanical measures aimed at combating pests and diseases include timely removal of fallen leaves, sanitary pruning, and regular loosening of the soil. tree trunk circles and weeding work.

How to prepare pomegranate for flowering (video)

To date, breeders have developed more than one hundred varieties of pomegranate. Despite the fact that such fruit crop It grows best in regions with an arid climate and hot summers; in unfavorable areas there is an excellent opportunity to grow a fruit plant as a decorative indoor crop.

Estimate

Pomegranate is a flowering and fruiting plant that belongs to the genus of shrubs and small trees. The peculiarity of the growth of shrubs is that they are prone to uncontrolled growth of branches and thickening. For proper development, fruiting and a well-groomed appearance, pomegranate pruning is required. The method and time of pruning will depend on the conditions in which it is grown and what shape the gardener wishes to achieve.

Pomegranate requires regular pruning

Why trim pomegranates?

In nature, it grows well without pruning, but pomegranate needs to be trimmed, using this care technique you can:

stimulate the growth of lateral branches;
form strong skeletal branches;
improve the shape of the pomegranate;
avoid thickening;
prevent damage from pests and diseases;
stimulate intensive flowering;
increase the yield and quality of fruits.

Formation has important for pomegranates cultivated both in open ground and at home. Therefore, pruning should be done correctly and regularly.

Pomegranate tree pruning: 1st year, 2nd year and 3rd year

Types of trimmings

Depending on the purpose in agronomy, there are several types of pruning:

formative;
sanitary;
rejuvenating;
supportive.

All these types of prunings are used when growing pomegranate during different periods of the growing season. The purpose of formative pruning is to improve the appearance of the plant, to give it the desired shape; it is carried out in the first years of cultivation. Pomegranate can be formed in the form of a spreading bush, a mini-tree, or a standard tree.

Sanitary pruning is carried out to clear old, weak, dried branches, to remove excess branches that thicken the bush and can cause gas exchange disturbances and damage by fungal diseases or pests.

The rejuvenating procedure is used to stimulate the growth of young branches if the bush begins to age and stops growth and fruiting. To preserve the already formed shape of an adult pomegranate, maintenance pruning is done. It will allow you to maintain a neat and well-groomed appearance of the plant.

Pruning pomegranate in the garden

IN southern regions This plant grows wonderfully in open ground. IN middle lane You can also grow pomegranates in open ground using the covering method. Pruning garden pomegranate has its own characteristics and technique. Form it in the shape of a bush or tree. In open ground, seedlings grown from cuttings or purchased from nurseries are most often planted.

Formation of a seedling from a cutting

Such a pomegranate begins to form at the growing stage even before planting on permanent place. After rooting, a seedling from a cutting grows into a single stem or with several side branches. This will determine how pinching is done.

When the cutting grows into one stem, pinch off the top. To form a bush, pinching is carried out at a height of 10-15 cm. When the side branches grow, they are pruned again. This is how the main 5-6 branches are formed. If in the future it should be a pomegranate mini-tree, then pinching is carried out at the height where the crown should begin to form. You also need to put a support to which to tie the future trunk so that it does not bend and is level.

When the seedling initially begins to branch, you need to remove excess weak and low-lying side shoots, leaving strong, well-developed ones, which will be the basis for the formation of the bush.

The seedling is planted from the cuttings into the ground when it reaches a height of 50 cm. The next pruning is carried out in the first spring after planting. In the garden, they continue to shape plants to give the desired shape, and also do sanitary pruning and remove weak, dried branches.

Pruning purchased seedlings

In nurseries they sell already grown plants, ready for planting in the ground; they already have a partially formed crown. Such bushes require maintenance and sanitary pruning every spring to form the pomegranate crown. If necessary, pruning can be done in the fall after harvest.

Regardless of how the pomegranate is formed into a bush or mini-tree, the basic pruning rules must be followed:

There should be no more than 6 main stems.
The middle of the crown should be visible and ventilated.
The shoots growing from below are removed.
Weak old and dry branches are removed.
Use disinfected instruments.

Pomegranate has the ability to grow and bear fruit very long time, about 100 years. To do this, anti-aging pruning is carried out every 25-30 years. The bush is cut off completely, leaving branches of 20-30 cm, the cuts are covered with garden varnish. After a short time, young branches grow and a bush is formed from them. Such gardening equipment allows you to rejuvenate old pomegranate orchards.

The growth from below should be removed

Trimming a pomegranate from the seed

Many gardeners have this plant grown from a seed on their windowsill. For pomegranate grown at home, crown formation plays an important role. A seedling from a seed grows with one stem and without pinching or pruning has no decorative effect. Flowering and fruiting of such a pomegranate occurs very late; you will have to wait for many years.

First of all, you need to pinch the top, this is done on different heights. By doing this at a level of 5-12 cm, in the future you can get a beautiful branched bush.

If there is a desire to form a mini-tree, then the pinching is done higher, in the place where, according to the plan, the crown should be formed. As new branches grow, they continue to be pinched until the desired shape is achieved.

For pomegranates that grow on a windowsill, the same pruning rules apply as for garden pomegranates. After trimming an indoor pomegranate, you can grow new plants from the cuttings by rooting the cuttings in loose soil or placing them in water until roots appear. With this method of propagation, plants completely inherit the qualities of the mother bush.

Young pomegranate sprouts should be pinched

Pomegranate bush bonsai

Pomegranate is a crop that easily tolerates pruning, and branches and stems can easily acquire different shapes. These characteristics allow you to create real masterpieces of floral art. Using this feature of the plant, pomegranate trees are formed in the bonsai style. The task is labor-intensive and time-consuming, but the result is worth the effort.

To turn a pomegranate from a seed, it must be already grown, and the strongest stem must be at least 2.5 cm thick. The following steps must be taken:

Remove all unnecessary branches.
The trunk is cut at a level of 20-25 cm.
Bend and give the desired shape, fix with wire.
The crown is formed from overgrowing branches.
Give shape, fixing with fishing line.
Trim the crown as it grows.

When the basic formative actions have been completed, they are cared for as for an ordinary pomegranate, watered and fed. Replant as necessary in fresh loose soil. In this matter, it is important to be patient, and a small pomegranate bonsai will delight you with its beauty and intricate shape.

Graft

In addition to pruning and care, to grow a healthy tree, pomegranate grown from seed must be grafted. This will allow:

accelerate flowering and fruiting;
give fruits varietal qualities;
improve the appearance of the plant.

A pomegranate grown from a seed rarely has the qualities and characteristics of the variety from which the seeds were taken. Fruiting will have to wait about 5 years. The fruits grow small size with low taste characteristics. In order for the fruits to have varietal characteristics, they are grafted with cuttings from fruit-bearing bushes. This will allow you to get the first pomegranates within a year after grafting.

Also, with the help of grafting, you can add decorativeness; for this, cuttings are grafted from varieties that have the desired qualities. By grafting the Nana variety, you can get a dwarf pomegranate with small decorative fruits and beautiful leaves.

If you graft Socotri pomegranate cuttings, the bush will be decorated pink flowers, and the fruits will delight you with their size and taste.

If the goal is to obtain an ornamental plant, then double pomegranate is grafted; it does not bear fruit, but its flowering is excellent. Among the methods for grafting pomegranate are:

simple copulation;
in a side cut;
into cleft

For those who have experience in grafting fruit trees, there will be no difficulties with grafting pomegranate, but for a beginner it will not be particularly difficult. You can graft a seedling from seeds when the trunk or branches of the crown already have a thickness of 0.5 cm. The grafting is done in the spring before active growth begins.

For the procedure to be successful, you need to understand how to vaccinate correctly.

Socotri pomegranate produces large fruits after grafting

Simple budding

This is the simplest and most common method of vaccination. It can be carried out on seedlings already in the second year of cultivation so that the branches have the required diameter. The cutting should be the same thickness as the branch to which it needs to be grafted, have 4-5 developed buds, and be up to 5 cm long. To stimulate fusion, cuttings can be soaked for 8 hours in Kornevin’s solution. On the scion and grafting, an oblique cut 2.5-3 cm long is made at an angle of about 30 cm, the cut should fit tightly.

The joint is covered with garden varnish and wrapped with electrical tape or a garden bandage. The winding is left until complete splicing. Using this method, several varieties can be grafted onto one plant.

This method is practiced if the cuttings have a smaller diameter than the rootstock branch. The cuttings are cut at an angle of 30 cm on both sides, forming a peg. The rootstock branch is split from the side so that the cutting can be tightly inserted. Having connected the branches in this way, the junction is tightly wrapped with electrical tape. The winding can be removed after 2-3 months.

Side cut grafting scheme

A simple grafting method if you need to completely replace the variety. When a plant grows from seeds that does not satisfy its characteristics, it can be used as a rootstock for another variety. To do this, the plants are cut off completely, leaving only 20-30 cm of the main stem. It is better to use a cutting of the same diameter. The scion is cut on both sides at an angle of 45 degrees, it will look like a flat peg. The rootstock trunk is split in the middle. The rootstock is connected to the scion. The joint is covered with varnish and tightly wrapped with a garden bandage, thick fabric tape or electrical tape.

Important rules for grafting that increase the percentage of surviving cuttings:

Cuttings must be fresh and healthy.
The instrument is disinfected.
The fit of the scion and rootstock is tight.
Do not overload the bush with a large number of vaccinations at the same time.

By performing such a simple manipulation, you can get not only early fruiting trees, but also a high-quality pomegranate tree on the windowsill.

Cleft grafting scheme

Conclusion

Like every living plant, pomegranate requires proper care. With the help of pruning, you can create not only a beautifully shaped plant, but also ensure its healthy development, high-quality and long-term fruiting. Grafting is also an important process in the cultivation of pomegranates, which will help in creating a magnificent bush with tasty fruits.