24.12.2017 4 152

Cyclamen, care at home or how to make friends with a capricious flower

The genus includes more than 20 species.

Homeland: Central Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, Mediterranean.

– perennial, herbaceous, tuberous, beautiful flowering plant.

Flowers: pink, bright red, white flowers, or intermediate shades.

Flowering: from November to spring.

The leaves are heart-shaped or rounded and attached to the tuber with long petioles. The leaf can be: dark green, with a marbled pattern, with a jagged edge.

Lighting

From late autumn to early spring, cyclamen needs the maximum possible light. Optimal lighting- bright diffused light. Direct sunlight in daytime(April/May, September/October) can cause leaf burns. Lack of lighting leads to the formation of large, weak leaves and delayed flowering.

Temperature

The temperature regime depends on the phase of plant development:

1) seed germination temperature: 18°C;

2) temperature for sowing:

• during the period when seedlings were exposed to light from darkness (for 2 weeks): 18-20°C;

• maintenance of seedlings: during the day: 20-22°C; at night: 16°C.

3) Optimal temperature maintenance of an adult plant: during the day: 14-18°C; at night: 12-15°C.

At temperatures above 35°C, cyclamen goes into a dormant state. Minimum permissible temperature: 10°C. At temperatures below 10°C, cyclamen leaves darken, development stops, and the risk of fungal diseases increases.

The soil

Composition of the soil mixture for growing cyclamen: 1 part leaf soil + 1 part humus + 1 part peat + 1 part sand.

The soil must have good draining properties. Optimal acidity of the substrate: pH 5.0-6.3. At a pH above 6.3, iron deficiency will occur (manifest as chlorosis of the leaves).

Planting / Transplanting Cyclamen

Transplantation is carried out when the plant is dormant - preferably at the end of the period.

The corm from which the leaves will grow must be planted so that all of it top part protruded above the soil mixture (about 1/3). When planting, do not confuse where the bottom is and where the top is: the bottom is the convex part, the top is the concave part, growth buds should be visible on it. The soil used for planting cyclamen must be pre-sterilized.

After planting the tuber, we do not water it. The first watering is carried out after young leaves begin to grow. It is better to use flats for growing cyclamen.

Fertilizer

Fertilize cyclamen with complex water-soluble fertilizers, at a concentration of 50% of that recommended for indoor plants. The start of feeding is a month after the start of growth. The frequency of feeding is once every three weeks. Excess fertilizer in the pot will cause foliage to develop at the expense of flowering.

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If the leaves of a cyclamen turn yellow in the summer, it means it is going to rest. What to do? How to store it? Oddly enough, at the moment when most plants grow and develop intensively, cyclamen begins a dormant period that lasts 2-3 months. So, cyclamen is going to rest: what to do with the plant at rest, how long does the rest period last? What to do with cyclamen after dormancy?

As practice shows, cyclamen does not have a clear time frame for the dormant period. The plant can delight with flowering all spring and begin to shed its leaves closer to autumn. That is why cyclamen cannot be put to rest by force, that is, buds and leaves cannot be twisted out of the tuber. Nature itself will put everything in its place, and the gardener is required to take proper care of the flower.

Cyclamen goes to rest. Why? What to do?

The homeland of cyclamen is the Mediterranean and North Africa, where summers are very hot, and in winter there is relative coolness and the level of soil and air humidity increases. Developing in such conditions, cyclamen developed a survival strategy. When in natural environment When relative coolness sets in and rains arrive (winter), it begins to develop intensively and accumulate nutrients in its tuber. With the arrival of hot summer days, in order to survive, cyclamen goes into retirement. It drops all its leaves. Life in the plant is maintained by nutrients and the moisture that it accumulated in the tuber over the winter. Precisely because, it would seem, when favorable conditions in temperate latitudes, like all plants, cyclamen should also delight with its green cap, but it falls asleep, remembering its harsh homeland.

It is impossible to force cyclamen to rest. You should also not twist out the still green leaves and buds. This is especially true for purchased flowers, which may lose their life cycle.

When does cyclamen retire? This is the period from April to September immediately after the plant finishes flowering. However, purchased cyclamen, which are grown in greenhouse conditions and under artificial lighting, can settle down whenever they want, since their life rhythm is disrupted. Sure Signs the fact that cyclamen “goes to bed” means limp, yellowed leaves. At the same time, the tuber of the flower should remain elastic and not become stained. If the cyclamen tuber is soft, spotted, and oozes bad smell- this indicates flower diseases. If cyclamen leaves turn intensely yellow and wither, this also indicates flower disease.

Read more about cyclamen diseases And why do cyclamen leaves turn yellow, wither and curl?. This will help you grow a healthy and beautiful plant.

In cyclamen, the state of dormancy begins when the average daily temperature is +20 degrees and above. The plant no longer sends out new leaves and stops flowering. Over time, its leaves begin to wither. They are removed when they are completely dry. Watering at this time is reduced, fertilizing and spraying are not needed. Cyclamen is transferred to a dark place.

The cyclamen has retired, its tuber has completely shed its leaves. In some cases, the plant leaves several leaves. Under no circumstances should they be removed artificially.

How to store cyclamen when it retires? Experienced gardeners recommend keeping cyclamen in a dark, cool place during the entire dormant period. The plant is not removed from the soil, but the pot is placed on its side. Temperature environment should not rise above +12 degrees. In this case, watering cannot be completely stopped. Otherwise, the tuber will dry out and the cyclamen will return to life after a period of dormancy, either at all or with difficulty. Watering is carried out once every 2 weeks with a small amount of water. However, you need to monitor the soil moisture in the pot. Wet soil during the dormant period will cause the tuber to rot.

The second option for storing cyclamen at rest: the plant is removed from the soil, the tuber is placed in plastic bag, after sprinkling the plant with water, and transfer it to the refrigerator. Cyclamen should be stored in the lower part, where vegetables are usually stored. This option suitable if in ordinary, room conditions there is no way to organize the plant’s storage temperature within +15...+20 degrees.

The optimal storage conditions for cyclamen when it goes to rest are a temperature of +15...+20 degrees, very rare watering, partial shade or a dark place.

If cyclamen is not maintained correctly during the dormant period, it often leads to either complete drying of the tuber ( heat maintenance and lack of watering), or rotting of the tuber (the soil is too wet and low temperature content).

End of the rest period. Cyclamen produces new leaves after dormancy. At this time, the plant is brought into the light, but not into direct sunlight, and watering is increased. Spraying is not necessary. It is also recommended to transplant cyclamen. To do this, take a pot commensurate with the root system of the flower (the roots should fit freely into the pot, but at the same time the distance between the roots of the flower and the walls of the pot should not be allowed to exceed 1-1.5 cm). The soil for replanting can be taken universally for flowering indoor plants (pH=5.0-6.0), or you can create a soil mixture yourself. To do this, take leaf soil, humus, peat, sand in a ratio of 3:1:1:1. Cyclamen should be planted in the ground so that 1/3 of its tuber rises above the ground.

If your cyclamen from the flower shop has not woken up after a period of dormancy, you can grow a new plant yourself. To do this, just plant cyclamen seeds. Read more.

Several features of caring for cyclamen during and after dormancy. A newly purchased plant may lose its rhythm of life. This is explained simply: in flower shops, the plant is fed with chemicals so that it begins to bloom by the time of sale and thus has an attractive appearance. For such a cyclamen, the dormant period can begin at any time. The main thing at this time is to provide him with normal care. Over time, the life rhythm of the flower will return to normal.

You cannot artificially put cyclamen to rest by twisting its leaves. The plant will not only lose vitality. Microcracks form on its tuber, which quickly become colonized by bacteria and diseases. Cyclamen may die.

After dormancy, it is advisable to transplant cyclamen into new soil. The plant is gradually accustomed to bright light.

In cultivated form it is a compact, graceful plant. The leaves are dark green in color, basal, leathery, contain a grayish pattern, and develop on long petioles. The leaves, as well as the flowers of the plant, are highly decorative. The root system is presented in the form of a corm with a diameter of about fifteen centimeters with one growth point. Flowers with bent and pointed petals appearance resemble butterflies. Depending on the variety, they come in a wide variety of colors - yellow, red, pink, snow-white, purple and burgundy. Duration of cyclamen flowering at home good care is about three months.

The most common varieties of cyclamens, which are popular both in home floriculture and in landscape design, are presented below.

European cyclamen

Perennial With decorative flowers pale pink color and medium-sized leaves. European cyclamen is an unpretentious plant, on the basis of which new hybrid varieties with white and lilac flowers.

This plant has a weak dormant period. The cyclamen tuber is overgrown with daughter bulbs, which can later be used for propagation. European cyclamen is characterized by a long flowering period, which begins in late spring and lasts until the end of autumn. IN summer time years, this plant is taken outside. European cyclamen in bloom can become a real decoration of the summer garden. All he needs in summer is protection from sunlight, precipitation and drafts.

European cyclamen is one of the most decorative varieties. Thanks to its long flowering and ease of care, this flower is revered by many gardeners. New varieties of European cyclamen are represented by mini forms with small graceful flowers located on long peduncles.

Cyclamen persica

This is the most valuable species among all existing ones. Its large graceful flowers, which are yellow, pink, lilac, white, and dark purple, are especially decorative. Life cycle one flower is ten days. During the entire flowering period, Persian cyclamen produces about a hundred flower buds.

Cyclamen Persica has large and decorative leaves. Large varieties have been replaced by compact mini forms. These are miniature plants that grow more easily indoors than tall species. Persian cyclamen blooms long time– from November to March. After the plant fades, it goes into a dormant period. This is an unpretentious plant that does not require special maintenance conditions, for which it is valued by many gardeners.
Currently, Persian cyclamen has many hybrid forms bred by Dutch and French breeders. These are varieties with two-color or single-color flowers.

In addition to these two species, other varieties are also popular in home floriculture: African cyclamen, Cilician cyclamen, small-flowered cyclamen, etc.

Cyclamen care

Caring for cyclamen at home is simple and can be done by every gardener. By following all the rules of agricultural technology, taking into account the characteristics of growth and development, this flower can be ensured optimal conditions growing house:

• Temperature regime. Before you get this exotic, you should choose it right place content. Despite the fact that cyclamen - unpretentious plant, at home he needs coolness, frequent ventilation, but without drafts. The optimal temperature is twelve to fifteen degrees Celsius. In such conditions, cyclamen can achieve maximum flowering. Temperatures of twenty degrees and above are destructive for this exotic.
• System watering. To grow a beautiful and wildly flowering plant at home, it needs to be provided with regular watering. This flower is watered through a tray. This method eliminates the risk of overwatering the plant and rotting the tuber. For irrigation, it is recommended to use settled water at room temperature.
• Cyclamen is demanding on air humidity, so frequent spraying will only benefit it. It is not recommended to spray the flower during the flowering period, as this can lead to rotting of the flowers. In addition to this, the plant is placed in a wide and shallow container with wet pebbles or expanded clay.
• For intensive growth and flowering, cyclamen requires good lighting. Bright diffused light with protection from the scorching sun is just what this exotic needs.
• Cyclamen responds very well to feeding, only in moderate dosage and concentration. This flower is fertilized at the budding stage and during the flowering period once a month. Liquids are used as fertilizers mineral fertilizers, for example, the drug Floretta. Each plant feeding is carried out only after watering. Purchased flowers begin to be fertilized from the third week after purchase. Feeding young plants after they have been planted is carried out at the stage of the appearance of the first shoots. After transplantation, young flowers are fertilized no earlier than six months later. During the dormant period, cyclamen is not fertilized.

When should I replant?

Transplanting cyclamens at home is carried out for several reasons:

• if the corm becomes cramped in the old container;
• if it is necessary to replace old soil with new one;
• if the plant is sick.

Autumn - best time for this procedure. By this time, the cyclamen will end its dormant period. This flower cannot be replanted more than three times a year. When transplanting, the roots of the plant should be close to the surface. It is prohibited to replant cyclamen during flowering. In order for the plant to better adapt to the new soil and pot, replanting is carried out by transferring an earthen clod.

Planting a flower is carried out using a new planting container, which is not much larger than the previous one. Cyclamen does not develop well and blooms in large pots. The choice of flowerpot is made taking into account the size of the root system. For example, a corm with a diameter of five centimeters will require a planting container two centimeters larger in diameter.

A good layer of drainage is placed at the bottom of the pot, then a nutrient substrate. After planting, the soil must be thoroughly compacted and watered.

Transplantation of newly acquired specimens is carried out only after they have flowered and their dormant period has ended.

Planting cyclamens at home follows the same principle as transplanting. This plant loves loose, air- and moisture-permeable soils. The soil can be bought at any flower shop, or you can make it at home. To do this you need to mix leaf soil with turf, add peat and vermiculite in equal parts.

Special care This flower requires it during and after flowering. This plant can bloom in summer and winter time of the year. The duration of this process directly depends on how competently and timely care is provided to him.

To get a beautiful, lushly flowering plant, it needs to create a stable temperature - within twelve to fifteen degrees Celsius, good lighting and regular removal of wilted and shriveled flower buds.

After the plant has flowered, it begins a dormant period. Due to inexperience, many flower growers simply throw away the flower after it stops blooming.

A faded plant must be properly prepared for rest. Everything needs to be cut off flower buds and yellowed leaves. Reduce watering to a minimum. As soon as spring comes, the flower is completely stopped watering and moved to a cool place until summer. In July, it is transplanted into a new nutrient substrate and watering is resumed.

Reproduction methods

In the process of growing at home, cyclamen is propagated. This plant can be propagated in two ways - by seed and by dividing the rhizome.

Each variety has its own method of propagation. Eg, Persian cyclamen can only be propagated by seeds. For European cyclamen, planting is possible in both ways. Regardless of the chosen propagation method, planting will be successful if all the rules of agricultural technology are followed and only after the cyclamens have faded.

Problems in growing

Homemade cyclamen, like many indoor flowers, can get sick. Most often, this plant is affected by anthracnose, fusarium, wet rot and sooty fungus.

• Fusarium – fungal disease, its pathogens live in the soil. Therefore, the defeat of cyclamen by this disease begins from the root system. If the leaves turn yellow on one side and the plant blooms sparsely, this is a sure sign that the flower is affected by fusarium. Treatment of fusarium wilt is carried out using foundationazole of one percent concentration. The solution is spilled root system plants. In combination with such measures, the above-ground part of the flower is sprayed with Topsin-M of the same concentration.
• When affected by wet rot, cyclamen leaves become lethargic and the tuber emits an unpleasant smell of rot. After some time, the tubers begin to rot, and the bacteria spread to the leaves, stems and flowers. Flowers suffering from wet rot, unfortunately, cannot be cured, so they must be destroyed.
• Anthracnose is a disease that develops during the flowering of cyclamen. Ideal conditions for the development of the disease is an increased temperature in the room and high humidity air. First, the disease affects flower stalks, which dry out in a short time, then it spreads to the leaves, which turn yellow, curl and dry out. Cyclamens suffering from anthracnose are treated repeatedly with a fungicide solution. All affected parts on the plant are removed.
• As a rule, sooty fungus appears on flowers where aphids previously lived. Sick flowers develop poorly and weaken. The leaves turn yellow and dry out. Treatment methods: remove plaque with a damp cloth. A soap solution is used to treat the aboveground part of the flower.

When growing cyclamens at home, many gardeners are faced with problems such as lack of flowering and yellowing of foliage.

Cyclamen leaves turn yellow for several reasons - dry air in the room, increased temperature regime, not regular watering. Very often the leaves of flowers that are under straight lines turn yellow. sun rays. This is a consequence of sunburn.

What to do if cyclamen does not bloom?

To achieve lush and bright flowering in cyclamens in winter, they should be provided correct period peace in warm time of the year. You should also remember that this plant blooms only in cool conditions. high humidity air. You should not overfeed cyclamen, it does not like it and may even die. At poor lighting in winter, the flower needs to be provided with additional lighting. If cyclamen does not bloom, it is necessary to provide optimal level indoor air humidity, as well as systematize watering. You should not expect flowering from cyclamen that is in a hot room.

If you follow all the above rules, it will not be difficult for anyone to grow healthy and brightly blooming cyclamen at home.