Features of the design and installation of ceramic tiles. Features of the design and installation of ceramic tiles Flat ceramic tiles

You will be interested to know that in our advanced digital age, when roofs are made using almost nano-technologies, most buildings in Europe are still covered with real, environmentally friendly tiles. Amazing, isn't it? And there are reasons for this! Ceramic tiles on the roof of a house is rightfully considered an aristocratic choice; it serves faithfully for at least 100 years and is resistant to any weather.

In fact, tiles made from ordinary clay are the embodiment of centuries-old craft traditions, our history. Which is no worse modern materials made of metal or bitumen, and, thanks to the possibility of producing shards of different shapes and designs, it is also not inferior in decorativeness!

And if before this time, in the process of choosing a roofing material, you did not like either metal, shingles, or euro slate, think about it: perhaps you were looking for exactly this option?

Let's look at why ceramic tiles are so good, their pros and cons, and the features of use as a roofing covering for private construction.

Clay tiles: centuries-old traditions and modern technologies

Clay tiles are one of the oldest and best roofing coverings, which have been used all over the world. And today it is one of the best and most reliable roofing coverings. Considering that modern ceramic tiles, unlike the experience of previous generations, are made using a completely different technology.

Cement-sand tiles were first invented and produced back in the 18th century in Bavaria. This roof covering was made manually, and although the technology itself is quite similar to modern technology.

This is what the production of real ceramic tiles looks like:

IN tunnel kilns tiles go through three stages:

1. Warming up to 120°. At this moment, physically bound moisture leaves the still wet plates, and the clay material loses its plasticity.
2. Firing at temperatures up to 900°. Here, when the temperature reaches from 450 to 600 degrees, all the bound moisture in the shards finally evaporates, and all the tiles acquire their rigidity. The hotter it gets, the faster inorganic impurities burn and the plasticity of the ceramics is lost. And once the threshold of 800°C is exceeded, the surface strength of the plate increases.
3. When reaching 1000 degrees Celsius, a low-melting mineral melts in the tiles. The joints envelop and pull together less fusible particles, causing the shingles to settle and compact.

After the oven, the tiles are cooled, and the roofing material acquires its water resistance and strength. The finished ceramic tiles are carefully inspected by specialists, who reject them, mark them and send them to the product warehouse.

And at the same time, the main point of checking tiles remains, as hundreds of years ago, tapping metal object on the plates - they should produce a ringing and clear sound.

Types of tile profiles: style and practicality

Modern ceramic tiles please not only with their environmental friendliness and color, but also with their style diversity. The whole secret of this or that design is in the profile, and we will now look at what they are:

• Low profile shingles have a flat portion to drain water and internal lock. On the roof, such tiles have a slightly wavy appearance. This one, for example, is produced by Koramic.
• Wave tiles with a lock are distinguished by the presence of a concave drainage part and a curved arched surface of the other part.
• Gutter shingles have an internal interlock and a flat water trough, like a cross between flat and low profile shingles.
• Smooth tiles with a concave drainage section that gives the most beautiful wave-like appearance.
• Internal locking tiles have a central rib that gives the tiles special mechanical strength. A separate type is tiles with smooth surface and internal lock.
• Roman interlocking tiles immediately stand out among others thanks to their arched shape, which is considered typical of Mediterranean architecture. Even more aesthetically pleasing are tiles with a double arch, which are more economical due to the presence of two waves on the tile.
• Nunk-munn, or “monk-nun.” A true classic! But you will be surprised to learn that the “monk-nun” in Europe is no longer used for private house construction, but for the restoration of historical objects.
• For the roofs of ordinary houses, Mediterranean tiles are usually used - they look as if they have been lying on the roof under the scorching sun for at least 100 years.
• The Romanesque profile, which originated from the Roman, but is also classified as Mediterranean, is considered especially stylish.

Here's what all these types of ceramic tiles look like in real life:

Where do all these species come from? It's all about architectural trends, because once upon a time the graceful curves of roofing elements and ornate decorations were considered the height of craftsmanship.

But today designers strive for purity and strict lines in everything, in order to somehow give comfort to the building among the surrounding chaos and oversaturation. And therefore, the classic flat profile of ceramic tiles is at the height of fashion today.

By the way, if in the process of searching for a nice tile for own home you will come across an unusual shape that is not included in any classification at all - don’t be surprised, modern manufacturers like to pamper their customers with such “goodies.”

Color and design: what is the secret of manufacturers

The real, original color of ceramic tiles is brick, otherwise called terracotta. In catalogs of modern tiles you will also find it under the term “natural red”.

But clay for the production of tiles is mined in a variety of places, and even in the same area it has completely different shades of color. different depths. As a result, the fired shards have a shade from yellow-terracotta to almost crimson.

And even more: you will hardly find samples from different manufacturers that are even approximately similar in shade, because the term terracotta actually means a whole range of shades. Some companies even offer a whole mix of shades of terracotta, especially since it is fashionable, and the color seems to play on such a roof.

If speak about natural coating tiles, today two types of firing of ceramic tiles are practiced: oxidized and reduced. And the main shade of the tile depends on the choice of one type or another. The difference between them is what kind of gas is used during firing - natural or oxygen.

In oxidized firing, oxygen is supplied in large volumes, which gives natural tiles the famous reddish tint, and in the process of reduction firing, iron lowers its valence and colors the tiles brownish and black.

All this happens in special ovens where there is no air at all. But in the case of reduction firing, oxygen is drawn out of the iron oxide.

The firing of roofing tiles itself is a rather lengthy process, and this is at a temperature of 900 degrees Celsius. After this, the tiles are cooled and packaged.

If the firing was restorative, then the tiles will have a non-uniform color, because even in a quarry the clay is often non-uniform, although this is precisely the feature that is in fashion today. But with restorative firing, the color of the tiles can easily be changed towards darker shades.

Additional coating: engobing and glazing

Before ceramic tiles are sent for firing, they are, at the request of the manufacturer, subjected to additional processing or left completely natural (such tiles are also in demand).

If they want to get exactly red tiles as a result, then they do not process them with anything additional, so as not to disrupt the process of formation of iron oxides, which give such a beautiful shade. But, if without losing environmental friendliness and quality, you want to achieve something else unusual design, here they resort to tricks.

So, a time-tested reliable method is engobing. Here white clay is mixed with water and colored clay or mineral pigments are added to it.

As a result, engobed tiles do not crack over time, do not fade over time, and retain their strength throughout their entire existence. After all, engobe is also clay, and therefore, with temperature changes, both the coating and the tiles contract and expand equally:

Another method of painting tiles is the wet asphalt effect. It is achieved if a glassy mass is added during the baking process of the engobe, and general coverage turns out to be of particularly high quality.

Another good way change the color of the tiles - glazing. Here, the tiles are coated with a powdery material that, when fired, gives them an elegant glass-like surface. The whole secret is in the metal ions that are included in this glaze.

As a result, glazed tiles are perfectly protected from pores and look like new. Any rain instantly washes away streams of dirt from it and restores its shine. Even after decades, glazed ceramic tiles look like new.

By the way, engobe is completely resistant to ultraviolet rays, therefore, as the manufacturer promises, even after 80 years such tiles will have a beautiful appearance. brown. And the most interesting thing is that before firing, such tiles look blue in color!

Unfortunately, sometimes manufacturers are cunning and pass off as a glaze a high-quality engobe, which has a high glass content. But real glaze in the right sense is a pure glassy mass and a two-stage production process. That's why it's more expensive, and that's why it's so bright and beautiful in color.

See how unique the product is when you use environmentally friendly materials and modern technologies:

Engobe allows you to make the surface of ceramic tiles more dense, and the fired pores are slightly closed. Those. The ability to absorb water and release it is still there, but less so.

If the tiles are glazed, they are completely sealed and no longer absorb moisture at all. This is why growths do not form on glazed ceramic tiles, because they still need at least a small amount of moisture.

There is also this approach. If the amount of sand in the manufacture of tiles is more than 40%, then during firing a glassy surface is formed - a glaze.

If pure crushed glass with pigment, or pure quartz sand is applied to the surface, then the firing process produces thin glass on top of the tiles, which not only reflects light rays, but refracts them. This allows you to change the shade of your roof depending on where the sun is! This is called "toplasure".

Little secrets. The following also help to give the desired shade to the tiles:

• The manganese contained in the final color gives the shingles a dark brown color;
• Iron and lime make the tiles light yellow;
• Addition of the mineral magnetite produces a light red color.

Thanks to the appearance of engobe and glaze color palette real ceramic tiles today have expanded to several dozen shades!

Ceramics as a roofing covering: advantages and disadvantages

Both new and old tiles look great on the roof. At the same time, modern tiles have locks that determine the progress of laying the coating. The only disappointing thing is that all the clay for ceramic tiles is brought from abroad; in our country it is not mined for this purpose.

And in order to choose really high-quality modern tiles for your roof, focus on these 6 points when purchasing:

Now let's talk about the disadvantages of ceramic tiles.

Yeah, it's really heavy. The weight of one shard, depending on the manufacturer, ranges from 1.8 to 3.8 kg, which is why one square meter of coating ultimately weighs from 30 to 65 kg. All this creates a serious load on the roof, and therefore the rafter system has to be built stronger, and the final estimate comes out completely differently.

In addition, if you hire professional roofers, their labor will cost a little more than if they were working with thin metal or bitumen sheets.

And finally, a heavy roof creates a certain load on the foundation and walls of the house, which must be taken into account at the design stage.

Types of modern ceramic tiles

Basically, ceramic tiles today are produced in the following types: stamped, which is also divided into grooved, molded and grooved.

Stamped tiles: emphasis on style

Stamped varieties are Dutch, Marseilles, Munch-Nunn and S-shaped. Stamped tiles also include ridge tiles as a separate type.

Molded tiles: classic traditions

The next type of ceramic tile is strip tile. It is also called tile plastic molding. It was relatively recently that the most beautiful types of tiles were born.

A separate type of it is semi-dry pressed tiles; this is how flat tiles with a “beaver tail” profile are produced.

Groove tiles: for special roofs

Groove tiles have a larger surface area and a more complex profiled shape. You will recognize it by the presence of closures that form a lock. And it, in turn, facilitates the connection of tile elements during installation, and also increases the tightness of the entire roof.

Another beautiful view tiles - Mediterranean. These are made in southern countries, always with a big wave and look as if they had been lying on the roof for decades.

Often, even before installation, problems arise when the length of the tiles does not correspond to the distance between the sheathing bars that have already been installed. Then these types of plates come to the rescue, which allow shift along the length, and this ensures problem-free installation:

By the way, the appearance of such locks on tiles caused a real revolution among roofing materials! After all, locks not only greatly facilitated installation and enhanced the sealing of the entire roof covering, but also perform additional function water drainage.

As a result, such tiles can be laid like a movable construction set, with different steps:

Such tiles are simply remarkable in that they can be “moved” vertically and there is no need to cut off the upper or lower shards!

Special tiles: for visual effect

And finally, let's look at individual species tiles that are still produced in addition to the ordinary ones intended only for stingrays:

• Ridge tiles, as the name suggests, is laid on the ridge. They also produce decorative ones, with rooster figures.
• Side end or pediment, needed for arranging gable roof overhangs. It is divided into right-sided, left-sided and universal.
• Support tiles needed for installation near chimney bridges and steps, as well as for snow retainers.
• Ventilation tiles provides ventilation inside the slopes. She has the most different shape, but they always lay it where the ventilation gap is interrupted, i.e. near hatches or windows. It is also necessary where the roof has a large area, because natural ventilation through cracks in the ridge is usually not enough.
• Tee or double for connecting skates. Needed where ribs or skates meet.
• Cross, serves to connect the ribs hip roof, where there are no skates at all.
• End and start ridge tiles, which will help to beautifully decorate the edges. The ridge cap is needed to completely close ridge tiles on a skate.
• Antenna attachment pass-through tiles are necessary in order to correctly extend the antenna. There is also a separate ventilation nozzle for the passage tiles, which is needed for sewer risers and channels.

The consumption of ordinary tiles is about 10 pieces per square meter, additional ones - depending on the complexity of the roof itself.

There is also a type such as transparent tiles made of acrylic glass or plexiglass to create daylight under the roof. This replaces part of the natural tiles.

Review of popular brands: market diversity

Ceramic tiles are produced by many brands in several collections:

Also pay attention to the German ceramic tiles Laumans:

And finally, let’s touch on the issue of installing ceramic tiles.

Those who have never encountered working with such materials are worried about how exactly they will lift heavy shards onto the roof, how to work with them, and how to properly distribute the load. In fact, there is also a simple and time-tested technology here:

You have already seen that for many centuries the craftsmen worked for a reason, carefully creating each shard by hand, and covered the roofs of their houses in the best traditions of their area. This is exactly how houses are built, in which both grandchildren and great-grandchildren then live with pleasure!

Ceramic tiles are a natural roofing material that can make a home not only more attractive, but also prestigious, because due to its high cost, such roofing is not available to everyone. At the same time, ceramic tiles provide reliable roofing for a very long time.

Characteristics and types of ceramic tiles

Ceramic tiles are a durable roofing material due to their high performance characteristics, which are provided by high quality feedstock and well-established manufacturing technology.

Features of production, composition and structure

The basis of ceramic tiles is clay. For production, only fatty and refractory types of clay are used. The production process itself consists of the formation of elements, their drying and further firing.

Roofing tiles are made from special types of clay and last at least 100 years

Ceramic tiles can be sold either in their natural form or coated with a special protective glaze, which is made from glass or engobe - a special clay mass.

A well-made product has a fairly dense structure and a reddish-brown tint.

Video: handmade ceramic tiles

Technical characteristics and dimensions of the material

Ceramic tiles have standardized parameters:

• dimensions - 24x39 cm or 33x42 cm (depending on the manufacturer);
• weight - 40–70 kg/m2 (when calculating the total weight of the roofing structure, it is necessary to take into account its increase due to the use of continuous sheathing and reinforcement rafter system).

The standard that regulates the production of ceramic tiles allows for chips or curvatures, but not more than 3 mm, and also differs from standard width and heights by 3 mm and 5 mm, respectively.

Natural tiles have a high specific gravity, so the rafter system needs to be strengthened for it

Specifications ceramic tiles distinguish them from most other roofing materials.

1. The service life of roofing tiles reaches one hundred years, but subject to compliance with the rules of transportation, installation and maintenance.
2. Due to the nature of production, ceramic tiles are absolutely fireproof. During manufacturing, the material is fired in a furnace at a temperature of about 1000 o C, so such a roof will not burn even if the flame engulfs all the walls and ceilings.
3. The roofing tiles are highly durable and can withstand significant mechanical loads, such as snow, so they can be laid in any terrain. But at the same time, this material is quite fragile, so in order for the roof to withstand the stated loads, it must be properly transported and laid.
4. Tile roofing is resistant to frost. It is valued not so much for its ability to maintain its performance properties during negative temperatures, how much for the property of a material not to be damaged as a result of repeated freezing and thawing.

The appearance of ceramic tiles is very specific. Parts may have several modifications:

Untreated ceramic tiles are brownish-red in color. To expand the color range, special glazes are used that can create a colored film on the surface of the tiles. It, in turn, can be glossy or matte.

Some manufacturers are able to produce two-color ceramic tiles, which look very unusual.

Advantages and disadvantages

In addition to the fact that ceramic tiles look very presentable, they have other advantages:

Despite the large number of advantages, ceramic tiles still have disadvantages and they cannot be ignored when choosing a roofing material:

• large mass, which requires strengthening the rafter system, which increases installation costs;
• the high cost of the material itself and components for such a roof;
• difficulty in transportation (ceramic tiles can withstand high temperatures and acid, but are easily scratched during transportation);
• fragility (hail and strong winds can damage the tiles);
• the need to arrange a roof with a large angle of inclination, which is not always appropriate.

Types of ceramic tiles

On construction market There are three main types of ceramic tiles.

1. Natural. This type of material has a matte surface. The color is always the same - red-brown due to the presence large quantity iron in clay, which gives it this shade during the firing process. Over time, color may change due to further oxidation of iron. The tiles are covered with a patina, which not only makes the material greenish-gray, but also increases its strength. It is recommended to choose natural tiles if you want your house to resemble a medieval castle.

   Natural ceramic tiles have a matte red-brown surface

2. Engobed. Before firing, this type of tile is covered with a mixture of water, powdered clay and dyes, and the color does not appear immediately, but only after the end of exposure high temperature. Angobe tiles are ideal for decorating a site in a classic or rustic style. It does not fade or crack over time.

   Angobe tiles are coated with a mixture of water and powdered clay before firing, so they have a special color that appears after heat treatment

3. Glazed. Glaze is a glassy substance that is applied to the tiles before firing. When exposed to high temperatures, it hardens, making the surface of the tiles glossy. This type of material has a more aesthetic appearance and better waterproofing properties. The processing method allows you to give the coating any color.

   Glazed tiles can have any color, which is determined by the composition of the coating used

Roofing pie for a ceramic tile roof

High-quality installation of a roof made of ceramic tiles is only possible if all layers are present roofing pie. For ceramic tiles, it has the following design.

1. Rafter system.
2. Vapor barrier. Retains vapors from living quarters and does not allow them to reach the insulation. It is attached with an overlap of 10 cm vertically and horizontally. It is recommended to glue the overlaps with special insulating tape, and secure the material itself with slats.
3. Thermal insulation. The insulation must be laid between the rafters, and the minimum thickness of the material should be 150 mm. Mineral or glass wool can be laid under ceramic tiles.
4. Waterproofing. Protects insulation from external moisture and condensation. Depending on the type of waterproofing material, a ventilation gap may be required. Using waterproofing film with microperforation between the insulation and waterproofing, you need to leave a space of 2–4 cm. When laying super-diffuse film, a ventilation space is not needed.
5. Lathing and counter-lattice. These elements provide a ventilation gap in the under-roof space, which prevents the formation of condensation under the tiles.

The roofing pie for ceramic tiles has a traditional structure, but the large weight of the material requires mandatory reinforcement of the rafter system

Tools and materials

No special tools are needed to install ceramic tiles. The parts are produced with special holes for self-tapping screws, through which you need to attach the tiles to the sheathing. Therefore, before laying the roof, you need to prepare a screwdriver, a building level and grinder with a stone disc for cutting elements.

Material calculation

Very important stage is to calculate the required quantity of ceramic tiles. When calculating, you need to take into account:

• the overlap with which the material is laid - it depends on the angle of inclination;
• useful length of material (from total length tiles need to subtract the overlap size);
• usable width (indicated in technical documentation).

The calculation process itself occurs in the following sequence.

1. The number of parts in a horizontal row is determined. To do this, the length of the roof must be divided by the usable width. For example, if the length of the roof is 6 m, and the useful width of the tiles is 30 cm, then 600 / 30 = 20 elements of ceramic tiles will be needed for one horizontal row.
2. The number of rows is calculated. To do this, the roof height must be divided by the usable length. For example, let the length of the roof be 5 m, its inclination angle is 25 degrees, and the amount of overlap is 7.5 cm. Then the length of the tiles taking into account the overlap (useful length) is 42 - 7.5 = 34.5 cm, and the number of rows - 500 / 34.5=15 (the value is always rounded up).
3. Knowing the number of rows and the number of elements in each row, you can calculate general need in material: 15 ∙ 20=300 pcs. To this amount you need to add 10% for fighting and cutting. Thus, to cover the roof in question, 300 ∙ 1.1 = 330 elements of ceramic tiles will be required.

How many fasteners will be needed?

To fasten the tiles, you can use galvanized screws or special clamps. Not every part of the coating needs to be fastened. It is necessary to record:

• the bottom row, which runs along the cornice;
• row along the pediment;
• row along the ridge;
• tiles in a checkerboard pattern - if the roof slope is more than 50 o.

The amount of fasteners will be equal to the number of tile roof parts that need to be fixed.

To fasten ceramic tiles you need to use galvanized screws

Features of installation of ceramic tiles

The process of installing a ceramic tile roof consists of several stages.

Sheathing device

The sheathing and rafter system for a roof made of ceramic tiles must be reinforced, so it is very important to make the calculation correctly.

It is necessary to take into account the considerable weight of the material (on average 40 kg per 1 m 2 of roof). The snow load must be added to this value. For rafter legs it is not necessary to take a thick beam; you can simply reduce the installation step. To install a roof under ceramic tiles, it is recommended to choose timber with a cross-section of 75*150 mm, while the pitch between the rafters cannot be more than 90 cm (it is better to reduce it to 60 cm).

The sheathing pitch must be equal to the useful length of the tiles

For lathing, you can use 50x50 mm or 40x60 mm bars. It must be borne in mind that the bars that will be located along the eaves in the future should be about 15–20 mm wider than the others. The number of rows of sheathing should be equal to the number of rows of tiles.

How to lay tiles correctly

The peculiarity of laying the material is that to prevent destruction of the rafter system and sheathing from significant movements, all roofing material must be lifted onto the roof at once. But at the same time, there should be several boxes with tiles and they should be evenly distributed over the entire roof.

The process of installing ceramic tiles is carried out in several stages.

Video: installation instructions for ceramic tiles

Installation of additional elements

Installation of additional elements is necessary only after all the tiles have been fixed.

Video: installation of the valley and ridge element

Installation errors

Errors in working with ceramic tiles can occur as a result of little experience. The following problems are considered the most common.

1. Different laying spacing on roof slopes. The presence of this error can be determined visually. The tile elements will be positioned unevenly, and there may be gaps through which moisture can easily penetrate into the under-roof space.
2. Strong attraction of fasteners to the sheathing. Such actions can lead to destruction of the material due to the formation of tension during the cold season.
3. The roof slope is too low. It must be at least 22 o for interlocking roofing and 35 o for non-interlocking shingles and beavertail elements.
4. The use of large-format tiles for arranging roofs of complex shapes. In this case, the parts need to be cut, which increases the amount of waste and complicates the installation itself.
5. Use of low-quality accessories. The service life of ceramic tiles is about 100 years. This means that all additional elements, for example, screws or adhesive tapes must also last the same amount of time, otherwise repairs cannot be avoided.

Maintenance of the finished roof

The service life of the material also depends on proper care. Ceramic tiles are not picky in this matter. Most stains and dirt from the surface of such a roof can be easily removed with rainwater. If stains still remain (this usually happens if the house is located near any businesses), it is recommended to use special cleaning products. The use of hard brushes is allowed, but when cleaning glazed and engobed tiles you need to be extremely careful.

Material life

Ceramic tiles can withstand about 1000 cycles of freezing and re-thawing, which indicates that the material can be used for at least 100 years. Although manufacturers do not risk providing such a guarantee for their material. As a rule, the accompanying documents indicate a figure of 35 years.

To ensure the maximum service life of ceramic tiles, they must not only be installed correctly, but also carefully maintained and the roof repaired in a timely manner.

Ceramic tile roof repair

The main reason for roof repairs is improper installation of tile plates, which causes them to withstand significant loads for which they are not designed. As a rule, repairing a ceramic tile roof involves replacing damaged elements. This must be done in the following sequence.

Ceramic tiles Actua 10 are produced by Koramic long years and has proven itself well in the roofing coatings market. The tiles are large-format, and, thanks to their flat shape, they perfectly emphasize the modernity of the style, giving it a spirit of minimalism.

Distinctive features

The main distinguishing feature of the Actua 10 range of flat tiles is its large format. Due to this, the tiles are simple and convenient to lay and install. The tiles also have an excellent locking system, which allows you to securely fasten the tiles to the roof. The tiles are slate, but despite this, after installation the tiles turn out smooth and flat, emphasizing individuality and wonderful style.

Advantages

Having the excellent Sturmfix fastening system provides an excellent opportunity to simplify installation and save your time. Roofs covered with Actua 10 tiles are reliably protected from any negative impacts environment. And the beautiful appearance will wonderfully decorate the facade.

Despite the fact that the manufacturer positions this model, as an attribute of buildings with a futuristic design, it will look great in classical architecture, emphasizing the edges of the slopes.

Color solutions

Ceramic flat tiles Actua 10 are available in three types of surface treatments: natural, engobe and edelangob. Angobe tiles are highly durable and have a richer shade. Available in the following engobe shades: Red, Gray and Matte Black. Edelangob makes the surface smooth and rich, available in “Red”, “Graphite” and “Black” colors. For natural finish characterized by a “Natural” color spectrum. Your roof for a long time It will look great and be well protected.

Nowadays a beautiful, spectacular roof made from first-class materials is business card home and can say a lot about the status of its owners, for example, a roof made of natural tiles. This classic coating time-tested, associated with quality, durability and good taste.

Ceramic and cement tiles - what's the difference?

They are made from natural materials: ceramic from clay, cement from Portland cement and quartz sand. The significant weight of both materials requires the construction of a strong frame for its installation, and it must also be taken into account in the calculations when designing building structures.

For high-quality installation tiles, you will need the services of a specialist in laying tile roofing. Both ceramic and cement tiles can be used on any type of roof, including those with a complex configuration.

How long will it last?

Ceramic tiles are rightfully considered the most durable material— its service life is 150 years. At the same time, it does not lose its performance properties, and its appearance with the appearance of patina “with age” only adds aesthetic charm. Less beneficial in this regard are cement tiles, which do not have the effect of aging, and their age is limited to 70-100 years, which, however, is not so little.

According to technology, the ideal roof slope angle for ceramic tiles is 22-45 degrees, for cement tiles - 22-60 degrees. If it is necessary to lay it on steeper slopes, it is necessary to attach each element separately to the sheathing.

Types of tiles

Munch-nunn(“monk-nun”) consists of a concave and a convex element. First, “nun” elements are laid on the base from the ridge to the canopy, which create concave gutters. The places where they connect are covered with 5-8 centimeter overlaps with convex “monk” tiles.

Installed in a coronal manner. It is used on curved surfaces and is easy to install; it is a classic tile roofing system.

A complex shaped roof can be laid groove tiles. Its elements, thanks to the “tolerances” on the locks, can be moved apart relative to each other, allowing freer installation on curved surfaces.

When laying tiles, per 1 sq. m of surface there are 13 elements of ceramic groove tiles, 10 cement or 40 flat. There are also large-format tiles, the dimensions of which allow you to lay 11 pieces per 2 sq.m.

For installation on conical roofs, there are so-called roofing wedges, which allow you to adjust the roof covering to a complex roof shape.
Cement tiles can be single (S-shaped Dutch) or double.

How much does a natural tile roof weigh?

1 sq. m. ceramic tiles can weigh from 39 to 72 kg, cement tiles - 45 kg. This creates a significant load on the supporting structure of the roof. In addition, the method of laying the tiles also matters. The most popular - flat tiles - are also the heaviest of roofing coverings.

The advantages of a heavy roof are its ability to suppress noise and withstand strong winds. If the tiles are laid correctly, its individual elements “behave” like keys during strong winds: they rise and fall. Tiles help reduce costs insulating materials. And if an individual tile “fails,” it is easy to replace.

Roofs with ox-eye windows look gorgeous. In such roofs, grooved or flat tiles are used, which, due to their small sizes, make it possible to lay the roof on curved surfaces in a crown or scale manner.

What additional elements are used?

So, for laying the roof with tiles, manufacturers produce elements for gable overhangs (gable tiles), for installing installations above the roof level (walk-through), for lighting the attic (transparent), various elements for curved roof surfaces (with a very small radius). To cover the joints of roof slopes, special ridge tiles are used.

Tubular, corner and lattice snow holders, roofing and support steps are also used, with the help of which movement on the roof is carried out.

How durable are shingles?

Tiles are an exceptionally durable and reliable roof covering material. The process of firing and drying takes place at a temperature of 1000 degrees. Ceramic tiles are fire resistant, and their frost resistance is 150 cycles. Cement tiles are also resistant to temperature fluctuations (100 freezing and defrosting cycles).

To further protect the tiles from moisture, engobe is applied ( protective covering from liquid clay, reduces the moisture capacity of tiles to 5%) and glazing. For enhanced protection cement tiles from moisture, frost, ultraviolet rays and dirt, it is coated with acrylic or acrylic-silicate paint. Low porosity and moisture capacity prevent moisture accumulation and the absence of biological corrosion.

Flexible tiles or metal tiles

Natural tiles without a protective layer are more porous and therefore more susceptible to contamination and the appearance of moss and lichens on the surface (however, they do not affect the strength of the tiles). To keep the tile surface clean, especially if the house is located in the forest or is surrounded by tall trees With the leaves inevitably falling, it is recommended to wash the roof once a year with a stream of water under high pressure.

The most resistant to overgrowing are glossy glazed ceramic tiles.

In the coastal zone near the sea, the roof covering is especially tested for strength by the aggressive sea wind, which affects the structure of the materials.

Can a slate roof be replaced with tiles?

In this case, it is the specialist who must determine the technical condition of the frame on which the slate was laid - whether this structure can withstand the heavier weight of the tiled roof, as well as whether the cross-section and distance between its elements are suitable for laying a new covering.

Often, insulation and dry plaster slabs are placed on the old frame before replacing the roofing. If the technical condition of the old frame does not meet the requirements for laying tiles, it must be replaced. And finally, let's watch a video on how to choose the right metal tiles.

We hope this article will be useful to you.

Even in ancient times, people noticed extraordinary properties of baked clay, which manifested themselves in special strength and the ability to not allow water to pass through. This feature of the material has allowed it to be used for many centuries.

Main raw materials, from which ceramic tiles are made, also is clay.

Today, this type of tile is one of the most popular roof coverings. The secret of its success is that ceramic tiles are beautiful, environmentally safe and durable: it retains its aesthetic and technical qualities for a long time.

We bring to your attention alternative types:

Despite the fact that the basic material for the manufacture of ceramic tiles has remained the same, the technology for manufacturing this coating has reached new heights with the help of modern equipment. The production and marketing of this material is carried out in many countries. Let's look at the most popular companies in Russia.

• Widely known in the world of roofing German trademark Koramic which offers large selection of colors and shades of tiles. There is also a wide range of accessories from the manufacturer.
• No less popular in our country Roben company, which produces more than one and a half thousand building materials from natural ceramics. The company provides 30-year guarantee on frost resistance of tiles, and also claims an average service life of 150 years.
• The world's largest leader in the production of all types of tiles - BRAAS company, which has factories in 37 countries. Feature of ceramic braas roof tiles, produced by this company, is that during its manufacture several types of clay are mixed, which ensures a uniform tile structure and always perfectly even color.
• Another well-known company on the Russian market is Creaton (creaton). The peculiarity of its products is the production of pressed tiles, the slab of which has grooves on all sides. Natural ceramic tiles creaton are characterized by presence of a profiled surface, conical or arcuate shape.

Regardless of the manufacturer ceramic tiles classified, reflecting all the features of its production and appearance. The nature of the connection of the tiles can be simple (one rib clings to the gutter in the photo below) or complex (the gutter is attached to two or more ribs).

Photo of Koramic tiles

The coating is available in various forms:

• Flat (“beaver tail”). It looks like a flat plate with a rounded end. During installation, each tile from the top row should cover the junction of two others that are in the row below;
• Groove. Each tile has special grooves, which are securely connected with a “lock” fastening, and are laid in one layer.
• “Monastery” (grooved). It has a curved shape and is laid in two layers. Moreover, the bottom layer is arced down, and the top layer is the other way around. External joints should overlap the joints of the lower ones.

Beavertail shingles

According to the form of production, tiles are divided into strip tiles with a curved edge and strip tiles with a double curved edge. Roof tiles are also distinguished by the characteristics of their coating. It happens natural(without additional coverage), engobed and glazed.

According to the installation method there are:

• Single layer (simple);
• Two-layer (double).

BRAAS coating

Photo of Roben coating

Advantages and disadvantages of ceramic tiles

Note best qualities this tile.

Despite undoubted advantages ceramic tiles, the coating has some cons:

1. The material is heavy, therefore, when performing work it is necessary to use special technologies styling In this regard, the skill of the builders should also not be questioned, and it is quite expensive.
2. It's not cheap and the ceramic tiles themselves. It is significantly more expensive than its competitors in the roofing market.
3. Laying the material is also a labor-intensive process. You will need a solid foundation, which will have frequent lathing and reinforced rafters.
4. Every type of roof(they can be domed, lean-to or gable, etc.) requires its own approach, different techniques work.
5. Installation requires a strict sequence of actions and mandatory compliance with all rules presented in the installation instructions.

Technical characteristics of tiles

The sizes of manufactured ceramic tiles are usually divided into 3 classes:

1. Large format;
2. Medium format;
3. Small format.

Large-format tiles are convenient because they allow reduce roof assembly time, make the work of the craftsmen easier. They are used to cover large and rectangular roofs.

The consumption of small-format tiles is 20 pieces per square meter. The range of its application is small parts of the roof with complex geometry. With its help, you can lay out various designs with slabs of different colors and shades.

Tile tiles having sizes and quantities per square meter average between the first and second types are called medium format.

Separately, you need to dwell on the weight of this type of tile. The weight of ceramic tiles is approximately 50 kilograms per square meter, the weight of one fragment is about 4-5 kilograms.

Specifications

Ceramic tiles are a heavy roofing material, therefore arrangement of the roof rafter system and installation of the tiles themselves are more difficult and more expensive than other materials.

How to make a roofing pie?

You need to understand that the roof of a house consists not only of the material itself with which it is covered, but also of a number of other parts necessary for the implementation protective functions.

Roof structure consisting of many layers(rafters, vapor barriers, insulation, waterproofing, ventilation, sheathing and counter-lattens, various components for tiles, snow retainers, drainage system And decorative ornaments) forms a roofing pie.

Now a few words about some important parts of the roofing pie:

1. Vapor barrier. Does not allow vapors from the house itself to enter the insulation.
2. Thermal insulation. Insulation is needed to reduce heat loss in winter and keep cool in summer. It has another important function - sound insulation.
3. Waterproofing serves as the second line of defense for protecting insulation from external moisture.
4. The ventilation system is the main fighter against dampness. With her help wet air doesn't get under the roof.

Roofing pie

NOTE!

Only correct location“layers” of the roofing cake will be able to provide Good work These important components will allow the ceramic tile roof to serve for a long time without the cost of repairs.

Calculating the number of tiles for the roof

The roof may have several slopes, which are located at different angles. The tiles need to be laid overlapping, the size of which will depend on the angle of the roof slope.

If we multiply the resulting values, we will find out the usable area.

The next stage of calculations will be to calculate the amount of material (pieces of tiles) required per square meter. The results obtained must be rounded upward.

To the resulting figure it is necessary to add another row of tiles. After all, some intact parts will need to be cut, and it is also possible that some of the tiles will be damaged during installation.

Preparing the sheathing

Note that the weight of ceramic tiles on one square meter is about 40-50 kg. Here you also need to add the load from snow, which may vary depending on the region. The consequence of this is the construction of a powerful rafter system structure.

However, it is not necessary to make it use thick timber, it is enough to make the installation step of the rafter legs smaller. Excellent choice there will be slats having a rectangular cross-section with side dimensions of about 75 and 150 mm.

To form an even plane of the slope (after all, the previous elements are overlapped), a beam lying parallel to the cornices, should be wider than the row elements by approximately 20 mm.

The number of rows of grating should be one row more than the number of horizontal rows of tiles.

Installation of ceramic tiles: installation instructions

Ceramic roofing tiles The method of fixing the tiles also differs. Some of them are attached using locking grooves, while others need to be attached using special fastening devices.

The technology for laying ceramic tiles is quite simple:

1. It is advisable to lay out the top row so that it is parallel to the ridge (the so-called ridge unit with ceramic tiles). Afterwards, parallel to the overhang, the lower rows are laid. In this case, there is no need to fix the tiles to the sheathing. This must be done after all the rows have been laid out. Next, layer by layer, subsequent rows are laid. Flat tiles it is necessary to lay it so that the tiles of the upper row overlap the joints of the two elements of the lower one.
2. The tiles should be fixed according to the recommendations on the product packaging.
3. Half tiles are suitable for valleys. Bars are laid under the groove, and waterproofing is placed on top. Next comes the turn of strengthening the aluminum gutters.
4. Special strips are attached to protect the roof from snow.
5. To make the bottom eaves overhang, you need to attach a rail with a thickness equal to the level of the entire structure. Self-tapping screws or galvanized nails are used to secure this rail.
6. To make a skate, you need to attach the upper poles, retreating 22-42 cm from the edge of the ridge board. A ridge board is attached to the top sheathing, which is placed so that it, located on the top row, does not touch the ridge board.
7. A special plastic element is attached to the edge of the skate.

Installation diagram of additional elements

Laying the covering

Useful video

We invite you to look at a very detailed and interesting video for installation of tiles: