Composition of office, household and technical premises. Requirements for placement on the building plan. Basements of an apartment building: legal regime Technical premises in the building

The status of basements still worries property owners apartment buildings(MCD). It would seem that the issue of recognizing the right of common shared ownership of the “technical underground” (as basements are sometimes called) has already been resolved at the level of the Constitutional Court (Definition dated May 19, 2009 No. 489 O-O).

However, practice has shown that not all apartment buildings basements are to be included in the composition common property. This article will discuss how to determine the purpose of the basement and its legal regime.

Premises of apartment buildings and possible legal regimes

According to clause 1 art. 290 Civil Code of the Russian Federation owners of apartments in apartment buildings own common premises on the right of common shared ownership, bearing structures home, mechanical, electrical, plumbing and other equipment outside or inside an apartment serving more than one apartment. Article 36 of the RF Housing Code gives a more complete picture of what is involved common areas Houses.

According to this norm, the owners of premises in apartment buildings own, by right of common shared ownership, premises that are not parts of apartments and are intended to serve more than one premises in a given building: inter-apartment landings, stairs, elevators, elevator and other shafts, corridors, technical floors, attics, basements in which there are utilities, and other equipment serving more than one room in a given house (technical basements).

It follows from these norms that a premises belonging to common property cannot be part of an apartment or other premises that is individually owned, and a part of the premises that is not separate from the premises belonging to the sole owner cannot be in common ownership. In turn, the premises as an object of law may be subject to the following legal regime:

Common property in the MKD, and then the participants in the common property
ownership are all owners of premises in the house with the size of each share being proportional to the area of ​​the premises belonging to each owner;
-independent property that is in sole or common ownership, but on grounds not related to intended purpose property as auxiliary and serving other premises.

Clarifications of the Constitutional Court

As stated in Definition of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated May 19, 2009 No. 489 O-O, premises that are not parts of apartments belong to the common property of the owners of premises in apartment buildings (including), if equipment intended to serve the needs of the owners of the premises is located inside them. Such premises do not have an independent purpose; they, like the equipment located in them, are intended to serve several or all rooms of the house.

At the same time, the judges noted that, in addition to non-residential premises belonging to common property, an apartment building may have other non-residential premises intended for independent use.

Such premises are immovable things - independent objects of civil rights. Their legal regime differs from the legal regime of premises established Art. 290 Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Art. 36 Housing Code of the Russian Federation. Looking ahead, we note that in Soviet-built houses (and older) it is possible to distinguish non-residential premises, endowed with an exclusively service function, from non-residential premises self-prescribing is not so simple. Solution this issue requires consideration of factual circumstances and is within the competence of arbitration courts and courts of general jurisdiction. The Constitutional Court has repeatedly drawn attention to this (see definitions dated 02/24/2011 No. 137 О-О, dated 12/16/2010 No. 1587 О-О, dated 06/17/2010 No. 814 О-О, dated 04/22/2010 No. 472 О-О, etc.).

Arbitration practice, which has been developing for almost two years since the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation Definitions No. 489 O-O, to the surprise of the owners of premises in apartment buildings and their representatives, she showed that the basement premises, historically intended for shoe workshops, pharmacies and other organizations and institutions, at first glance, are no different from the same basement premises not occupied by similar objects, for the most part do not belong to the common property of houses. In new buildings, on the contrary, the legal regime for basements is more transparent and is most often determined by arbitrators as common shared property.

Position of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court

The basement of a house is not technical by definition.

The HOA, which represents the interests of some of the owners of premises in apartment buildings on the issue of recognizing the basement as common property, suffered its first major setback at the end of 2009.

Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated December 15, 2009 No. 12537/09 all judicial acts previously adopted in favor of the partnership were canceled, and the case recognizing the right of common shared ownership of the disputed basement, formed on the area of ​​former apartments and used for decades as an independent property (to house various institutions), was sent to a new consideration. The reasons for making this decision were the following circumstances.

Key moment:

The right of common shared ownership automatically arises only for technical basements, and not for any basement premises of the house.
By virtue of direct instructions Art. 36 Residential Complex of the Russian Federation The right of common shared ownership of homeowners does not arise for any basement part of a residential building, but only for technical basements. The qualification of a basement as a technical room is determined, for example, by the need for constant open access to the equipment located in it.

The mere presence of utilities and equipment in the basement or its corresponding part does not provide sufficient grounds to consider this property a technical basement and, as a consequence, the common shared property of the homeowners. In addition, the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court took into account that the disputed basement was formed from former apartments (due to which the question immediately arose about the possibility of access to communications located in the specified premises and the need for it) and was used as independent object real estate even before the creation of the HOA and the emergence of ownership rights to apartments and rooms among the residents of the house.

Signs of the “technical underground”

Here we will talk about decisions that are positive for owners of premises in apartment buildings, based on the position of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court presented above. So, in Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Northern Territory of March 21, 2011 No. A56-30206/2010 the judges took the side of the registration authority, which refused legal entity in registering ownership of the basement in which the electrical panel room was located, which was part of the common property of the house. Despite the fact that the organization acted as a shareholder during the construction of the house, including financing the construction of the basement, the court indicated that all participants in shared ownership must apply for state registration of the right to the common property of the house, in particular to the disputed basement.

By Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of North Kazakhstan Region dated December 20, 2010 No. A53-6270/2009 The HOA's claims to the basement were satisfied, the construction of which was financed by the entrepreneur during the construction of the house and which was registered as the property of the entrepreneur upon completion of construction. The judges noted the fact that the disputed premises were not intended to house offices and were not put into operation as such.

The examination established the presence of sanitary conditions in the basement technical equipment servicing the apartment building, the use of which is impossible without constant access to the disputed premises. According to project documentation the disputed premises were recognized as a technical basement with no independent purpose.

Key moment:

The following basement is considered technical:
- designed as a technical basement, not having an independent purpose and not intended for independent use;
- equipped with engineering systems and their control units, the maintenance of which requires constant open access of technical specialists;
- not isolated from engineering systems and their control nodes.

Another example of recognition of the right of common shared ownership of a basement premises, which was leased without the consent of the owners of the residential premises of the house - Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of North Kazakhstan Region dated August 10, 2010 No. A32-4632/2008.

The court, having examined the case materials, including the basement plan of a residential building, found that it contains main pipelines heating systems, hot and cold water supply systems, risers, pipeline inlets supplying the home heating system, shut-off valves and taps, pipelines of the sewerage system, and came to the conclusion: such a basement was not originally intended for independent use. It must be classified as common property of the homeowners.

Well, the last court decision recognizing the basement as common shared property, to which I would like to draw your attention - Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Ukraine dated March 15, 2011 No. F09-1144/11 C6. The judges were presented expert opinion, according to which the disputed basement of a residential building had:

Input with metering devices for the cold water supply system of all rooms on the first floor and basement;
-input with metering devices for hot water supply systems and heating systems designed to ensure hot water and the warmth of the premises on the first floor and basement;
-mounted system supply and exhaust ventilation, which provides an organized flow of air (and its removal) into the premises of the first floor and basement;
-a freight elevator and an elevator hall to it for moving goods between the first floor and the basement.

Based on the information received, the judges came to the conclusion that such a basement could not be used independently. Its design and actual purpose is servicing, since it houses all control nodes for utility networks of the first and basement floors of the building, located in the basement, where unhindered access must be ensured. The basement room itself performs a service role and has an inextricable connection with the building as a whole, since it is not isolated from it.

The absence in the basement of a looped system of energy supply, heating, water supply and separate utility metering devices, according to the judges, predetermines its auxiliary purpose.

From the content of the above judicial acts, we can conclude that each dispute regarding the recognition of the right of common shared ownership of basement premises for the owners of premises in apartment buildings has its own nuances and its own reasons for its resolution in the interests of the homeowners. The general feature of all the cases discussed above is, firstly, that the disputed basements were not designed or formed subsequently as separate (including from communications and control centers) objects, and secondly, that in all the disputed basements In addition to utility networks, their control units were also located. Please note that the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court in Decree No. 12537/09 did not make any fundamental conclusions in this direction. They appeared later, in another of his resolutions (dated 03/02/2010 No. 13391/09).

The basement is a separate property

IN Decree No. 13391/09 Using the example of the basement of a pre-revolutionary house, the characteristics of such a room as an independent object are formulated. So, when determining the status of the basement in similar apartment buildings, it is necessary to take into account that, according to clause 1 of appendix 3 To Resolution Supreme Council RF dated December 27, 1991 No. 3020 1 Such state property objects as residential and non-residential funds were initially classified as municipal property, the property of Moscow and St. Petersburg. From the moment citizens began to exercise their right to privatize housing, provided for Law of the RSFSR dated July 4, 1991 No. 1541 1, a residential building in which at least one apartment (room) was privatized lost its status as an object exclusively in municipal ownership.

Therefore, the legal regime of basement premises, whether or not related to the common shared ownership of several owners of premises in such residential buildings, should be determined precisely on the date of privatization of the first apartment in the house. The right of common shared ownership of common property in such a house (in particular, the basement) arose only once - the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court points out: at the time of privatization of the first premises in the house. Subsequently adopted federal legislative acts (including Law of the Russian Federation of December 24, 1992 No. 4218 1 “On the Fundamentals of Federal Housing Policy”, Temporary Regulations on Condominiums, Article 290 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation) only confirm that homeowners already have a right common shared ownership of the common property of the house and clarify it, but do not generate the said right anew.

According to the arbitrators’ findings, if as of the date of privatization of the first apartment the basement premises of a residential building were intended (accounted for, formed) for independent use for purposes not related to the maintenance of the residential building, and were not actually used as common property by the homeowners, then the right to common share There was no homeowner ownership of these premises. The remaining basement premises, not allocated for independent use, became the common shared property of the homeowners as the common property of the house.

Key moment:
An independent real estate object is a basement designed or formed at the time of privatization of the first apartment in the house as an object intended for independent use.

This criterion, according to the arbitrators, does not contradict the statement that the premises in which utilities are located are a priori the common property of the homeowners. To determine the legal regime of such (separate) basement premises, the presence of engineering communications in them did not and does not matter, since they are located in each basement and do not in themselves give rise to the right of common shared ownership of homeowners for premises already allocated for independent use, do not related to the maintenance of a residential building.
We managed to find several interesting examples applications Regulations No. 13391/09 in the practice of federal arbitration courts. So, Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-West District dated March 21, 2011 No. A56-48167/2009 Homeowners' Association the claim against KUGI for recognition of the right of common shared ownership of the basement, which, according to a certificate from the design and inventory bureau, has been recorded in the accounting documentation since 1977 as the premises of a shoemaker's workshop (former apartment) was rejected. In 2003, this facility was reconstructed (its area was reduced due to the allocation of a water metering unit to a separate premises), as a result of which a secondary property was registered, in which there were no technical premises (ventilation chambers, water meters, switchboards, elevators, etc.). d.). Similarly, the fate of secondary real estate (basements) in resolutions of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-Western Territory dated March 21, 2011 No. A56-36543/2009, FAS Moscow Region dated December 9, 2010 No. KG-A40/14250 10.

For your information:
Owners of basement premises allocated as independent objects and used for shops, cafes, pharmacies, etc., are obliged, on an equal basis with other owners of premises in the house, to bear the costs of maintaining common property, regardless of whether they use such property. After all, these premises are also a constructive part of the apartment building (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service NWO dated March 21, 2011 No. A56-7732/2010).

Regarding the placement of utilities in basements - independent real estate objects - there are also several interesting cases. In particular, in Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Northern Territory of January 18, 2010 No. A56-9227/2008 it is stated that the presence of cold and hot water supply and heating systems in the basement cannot serve as a sufficient basis for classifying this room as auxiliary, especially if the need for constant use and maintenance of the equipment located in the room for the needs of other rooms of the house has not been proven. Judges of the FAS UO made similar conclusions in Resolution dated May 12, 2010 No. F09-3319/10 C6 regarding the fact that transit communications are located in the basement (pipeline central heating With heating devices, cold water supply pipeline, risers with shut-off equipment).

It should be noted that in practice there are cases when basements, visually identified as independent objects, are in fact not properly formed as such and therefore are subject to transfer to the common shared ownership of homeowners. A similar situation was examined by the Presidium of the Chelyabinsk Regional Court in Resolution No. 44 G-99/2010 dated November 24, 2010. As can be seen from the case materials, the basement of a residential building, like, in fact, all premises of this object, in the 1990s were accepted into municipal ownership (according to the above-mentioned Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation No. 3020 1). However, at that time the basement was technical, independent use it was not defined. The disputed premises were reconstructed and put into operation as non-residential only in 2004, so the homeowners had every chance to register it as common shared ownership. Given trial did not receive a logical conclusion only because the case file did not include documentary evidence of when the first apartment in this residential building was privatized and what the status of the disputed basement was at that time (according to indirect evidence - “technical underground”), but there was a precedent created, which is very important.

The basement is an independent property for service purposes

The use of basements in apartment buildings is so diverse that it is sometimes very difficult to determine its legal regime, in particular in the case when the object is isolated and has an independent purpose - serving the residential premises of the house and nearby buildings (for example, heat supply). Such premises, according to the judges of the FAS UO (Resolution dated March 2, 2010 No. F09-982/10 C6), cannot be in the common share ownership
property. The controversial basement has been used to service several houses since the house was built. It initially had an independent purpose, was an object of technical accounting and registration and did not belong to places common use one residential building. In connection with these circumstances, the HOA was denied a claim for recognition of the right of common shared ownership of the basement premises, where the central heating point was located, the equipment of which was connected to the heat consumption systems of several nearby buildings.

As stated at the beginning of the article, the basement, depending on its characteristics, purpose, etc., can be either the common or the sole property of the owners of the premises in the apartment building. When determining the status of the basement of a house, it is necessary to take into account many factors: features of its design, dates and nuances of reconstruction and the formation of secondary real estate objects, the presence of communications, control units, etc. Obviously, in the process of establishing the listed facts, owners of premises in apartment buildings will need the help of experts and inventory services. But that's not all. If grounds for filing a claim in court for recognition of the right of common shared ownership of the basement are found, the owners of premises in the apartment building should take a responsible approach to preparing for the trial. It is necessary to carry out general meeting owners and obtain their consent to file a corresponding claim in court, as well as authorize the partnership (management organization, other person) to represent the interests of the owners when considering the claim in court.

1st case - electrical panel in industrial building.
To determine the functional purpose of the electrical switchboard room, it is most logical to use the concepts from the “All-Russian Classifier of Fixed Assets (OKOF) OK 013-94” and determine that the functional purpose of the electrical switchboard room is to create the conditions necessary for the implementation of the production process by performing technical functions, not related to changes in the subject of labor, or for the implementation of various non-productive functions in the building.
a) The electrical switchboard room is not industrial in its functional purpose.
Rationale:
-GOST 14.004-83 Technological preparation of production. Terms and Definitions.
clause 43. The production process is the totality of all the actions of people and tools necessary for this enterprise for the manufacture and repair of products.
clause 13. A production site is a group of workplaces organized according to the following principles: subject-related technological or subject-technological.
-Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language: Production - production, processing, execution, creation, making, production, release, execution, implementation.
-Glossary of terms: Production is the process of converting resources into finished products. In the production process, means of production are used.
-Glossary of terms: Production is the process of creating products (products and services) regulated by people.
-Ushakov’s Dictionary: Production is the work of directly producing products.
-Construction Dictionary: “Industrial premises are enclosed spaces in specially designed buildings and structures in which people’s labor activities are carried out constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day) associated with participation in various types of production, in organizations, control and management of production, as well as participation in non-productive types of labor at transport, communications, etc. enterprises.”
b) In an industrial building, the electrical room is an auxiliary room in relation to the main production.
Rationale: Construction dictionary: In an industrial building, the premises in relation to the main production are divided into:
- production (workshops, main production buildings);
-auxiliary (workshops, warehouses, laboratories, transformer substations, electrical panels);
-servicing (administrative, household, parking lots, boiler rooms);
c) The electrical switchboard room may be classified as a special structure
Rationale:
SP5-13130-2009, Appendix M, table. M1, item 2. Special structures: 2.1. Premises for laying cables, for transformers and switchgears, electrical switchboards.
Conclusion: In an industrial building, the electrical panel room, according to its functional purpose, is an auxiliary room in relation to the main production (special structure).

2nd case - electrical panel in a civil (residential, non-residential, public) building.
d) The electrical switchboard room may refer to the premises for placement engineering equipment building
Rationale:
-SP4, clause 3.16 and SNiP 31-03-2001: “Engineering equipment of a building is a system of instruments, apparatus, machines and communications that ensures the supply and removal of liquids, gases, electricity (plumbing, gas, heating, electrical, sewer, ventilation equipment, etc.)".
e) The electrical switchboard room may refer to the technical rooms of the building
Rationale:
-GOST R 51303-99 "Trade. Terms and definitions": clause 47 - store technical room: Part of the store premises intended to accommodate technical services and/or perform maintenance work on workplaces, trade, technological and mechanical equipment. Note - The technical premises of the store include ventilation chambers, engine rooms of elevators and refrigeration units, electrical control room, boiler room, heating unit, air conditioning chamber, radio unit, telephone switchboards, automated control system stronghold.
Conclusion: B civil building The electrical switchboard room according to its functional purpose is a technical room for housing the building's engineering equipment.

2) FUNCTIONAL FIRE HAZARD CLASS.
a) Read the Law - TROTPB.
Article 2. clause 12) FPO class of buildings, structures, structures and fire compartments - classification characteristics of buildings, structures, structures and fire compartments, determined ... by purpose and ..., including the features of implementation in the specified buildings, structures, buildings and fire compartments of technological production processes.
Chapter 9 Fire technical classification buildings, structures, structures and fire compartments
Article 32. Classification of buildings, structures, structures and fire compartments by functional fire danger
clause 1 Buildings (structures, structures, fire compartments and parts of buildings, structures, structures - premises or groups of premises functionally interconnected) ... according to the class of functional fire hazard, depending on their purpose ... are divided into:
Analysis: it is obvious that in Article 2, in the title of Chapter 9 and the title of Article 32, only buildings, structures and fire compartments are mentioned, and only in paragraph 1 do premises also appear, which, along with functionally interconnected groups of premises, can constitute part of the building, but not necessarily fire compartments. But parts of buildings are not classified by definition. In addition, in a fire compartment the premises are not necessarily functionally strictly connected with each other - this clarification in paragraph 1 is not clear.
Apparently, in order to harmonize clause 1 with article 2, the title of chapter 9 and the title of clause 32, it would be more correct to read this clause as follows:
clause 1 Buildings, structures, structures and fire compartments (rooms or groups of rooms, functionally interconnected and satisfying the concept of a fire compartment), ... according to the class of functional fire hazard, depending on their purpose ... are divided into:
Or even simpler:
clause 1 Buildings, structures, structures and fire compartments (see clause 27 of article 2), ... according to the class of functional fire hazard, depending on their purpose ... are divided into:
b) To clarify this incomprehensibility in the TROTPB, one could have used it earlier current SNiP 01/21/97, but only if its provisions do not contradict TROPPB. But the clauses of the regulations have been completely revised in comparison with SNiP.
Conclusion: separately allocated premises, which independently or as part of a group of functionally interconnected premises do not constitute a fire compartment, are not subject to classification according to FPO!

3) CATEGORY FOR FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD.
a) Read the Law - TROTPB.
Article 27. Determination of the category of buildings, structures, structures and premises according to civil and industrial safety
1. By fire and explosion hazard Industrial and warehouse premises, regardless of their functional purpose, are divided into the following categories:
2. Buildings, structures, structures and premises for other purposes are not subject to division into categories.
Analysis: TROTPB requires categorizing production premises regardless of their functional purpose.
Conclusion: the electrical panel room is not a production room, and therefore is not classified according to the Civil and Industrial Institutions!
b) Read SP12..
1.1 This SP... establishes methods for determining the classification criteria for classifying...premises...for industrial and warehouse purposes of class F5 to categories according to VP&PO.
Analysis: SP12, unlike TRoTPB, requires categorizing only production premises that belong to the FPO F.5 class.

THE CONCLUSION IS FINAL: the electrical panel room is not a production room, moreover, it does not have a FPO class, which means it is not categorized according to P&VPO!

Here are my reasons.
Please submit yours.
It can be short and without linguistic analysis.

Working areas on each floor intended to accommodate user workstations, in accordance with the data in Table. 9.1 is 380 m2. According to the standards given in section 3.2.2, the area of ​​the equipment room serving the building's workplaces should be 10.6 m2. They also introduced a restriction on the minimum area of ​​the equipment room of 14 m2. To accommodate the equipment room, it seems most appropriate to allocate rooms 128 and 129, since they are located on the ground floor, are not walk-through, have no windows and are not adjacent to external walls buildings located near elevators, etc. Room 128 has an area of ​​12.9 m2, which is only 1.1 m2 less than the required norm, but exceeds the recommended area of ​​the equipment room, obtained based on specific rate- 0.7% of the working area (Table 9.2).

When choosing the final decision in favor of one or another premises, the following considerations were additionally taken into account. According to the first option, the location of the equipment room in room 128 is accepted. The area of ​​this room can be quickly and easily increased to regulatory transfer the front non-permanent wall towards the corridor by about 50 cm. This operation carried out immediately or in the future when such a need arises, for which all the necessary prerequisites exist. The second option is to organize the equipment room in the adjacent room 129, which meets all standard requirements regarding its dimensions. The area of ​​20.1 m2 of this room exceeds the standard. At the same time, however, the implementation of the main subsystems becomes somewhat more complicated, since access to the existing riser will require the organization of a horizontal channel. Taking this circumstance into account, in this particular case we will focus on the first option.

The standard area for cross-country premises based on the number of serviced IRs according to section 3.3.1 should be 6.2 m2, which slightly exceeds the minimum permissible value of 6 m2. Rooms 228, 328 and 428 with an area twice the standard are allocated for cross rooms on different floors. The location of these technical rooms directly above the equipment room significantly simplifies the design of interfloor passages and makes it possible to dispense with one riser without horizontal sections of laying the main cable. In addition, the presence of space reserves and the installation of IR makes it possible in the future to place additional network hardware collective use in case of significant modernization of the enterprise network.

In all technical rooms, in accordance with the requirements of section 3.2.5, the door, which must open outward, is rehung.

3.1. The territory of the enterprise and the placement of buildings and structures on it must comply with the requirements of Sanitary Design Standards industrial enterprises and fire safety standards for the design of buildings and structures, taking into account the technological features of production.

3.2. Fire safety on the territory of the organization must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation, GOST 12.1.004 and GOST 12.4.009.

3.3. Buildings and structures with technological processes that are sources of release of harmful and unpleasant-smelling substances into the environment, as well as sources of increased levels of noise, vibration, ultrasound, electromagnetic waves of radio frequencies, static electricity and ionizing radiation, should be separated from residential buildings by sanitary protection zones and breaks and placed on the territory of the enterprise on the leeward side for winds of the prevailing direction in relation to residential buildings and other industrial buildings.

3.4. Organizations, individual buildings and structures, according to the nature of the harmful substances released and measures to reduce the adverse effects of these harmful substances on people and the environment, are divided into five classes:

class I - with a width of the sanitary protection zone of 1000 m, II - 500 m, III-300M, IV-100M, V-50M.

3.5. The placement of organizations with technological processes that do not emit industrial hazards into the atmosphere, and with processes that do not create levels of external noise and other harmful factors that exceed the established standards for residential development and do not require railway access tracks, is allowed within residential areas.

3.6. The territory of the organization must be planned, trenches, underground communications are closed or fenced. Warning notices and signs must be installed on fences, and warning lighting must be installed at night. Places where people pass through trenches should be equipped with crossing bridges that are illuminated at night.

3.7. The territory of the organization must be landscaped, landscaped and kept clean. The selection of green planting species should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89.

3.8. To drain atmospheric precipitation, the organization's territory must be equipped with storm drainage. The installation of drains must ensure the free and safe movement of people and vehicles on the territory of the enterprise.

3.9. On the territory of the organization, sidewalks must be installed to ensure the movement of pedestrians in the shortest directions. The width of the sidewalk must be at least 1.5 m.

3.10. Roads and pedestrian paths on the territory of the organization must meet technological requirements and fire safety standards. The width of the roads must correspond to the vehicles used, the loads being moved and the traffic intensity. It is necessary to take into account counter traffic.

3.11. The carriageway must have a hard surface (asphalt, concrete, cobblestones, etc.).

3.12. The intersection of roads with pedestrian paths must be marked with road signs, as well as markings in accordance with the Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation.

3.13. Roads and sidewalks must be maintained in good condition; in winter, they must be cleared of snow, ice and sprinkled with sand.

3.14. Space-planning and design solutions for industrial premises and structures must meet the requirements of building codes and regulations, as well as sanitary standards design of industrial enterprises and other current regulatory documents.

3.15. Volume production premises per worker should be at least 15 m 3, and the area of ​​the premises should be at least 4.5 m 2. The height of the production room must be at least 3.5 m.

3.16. Premises and areas for production facilities with excess sensible heat (more than 20 kcal/m3.h), as well as for production facilities with significant emissions of harmful gases, vapors and dust, should, as a rule, be located near the outer walls of buildings and structures.

3.17. To accommodate industries with excess sensible heat (more than 20 kcal/m3.h) and with significant emissions of harmful gases, vapors and dust, as a rule, one-story buildings should be provided.

3.18. If it is necessary to locate the production facilities specified in clause 3.17 of these Rules in multi-storey buildings, the location of such production facilities should be provided on the upper floors, if this is permissible under the conditions of the technological process and the loads on the floors.

If these industries are located on other floors of multi-story buildings, effective measures should be taken to prevent the spread of harmful substances from one floor to another.

3.19. The location of production premises in basements, ground floors and in areas with insufficient natural light at permanent workplaces (natural light factor less than 0.1%) may be provided if there is a special justification only in cases where this is necessary due to technological conditions.

3.20. Transit pipelines intended for transporting harmful liquids and gases, as well as transit steam pipelines, are not allowed to be laid in pedestrian tunnels and control panels.

3.21. In industrial buildings and structures, regardless of the presence of harmful emissions and ventilation devices, opening sashes and other opening devices in windows with an area of ​​at least 20% of the total area of ​​light openings must be provided for ventilation. The incoming air should be directed upwards towards cold period year and down - during the warm period of the year.

3.22. In buildings and structures with natural ventilation, the area of ​​openings to be opened should be determined by calculation. The distance from the floor level to the bottom of casement sashes intended for air flow during the warm season should be no more than 1.8 m, and to the bottom of opening openings intended for air flow during the cold season should be no less than 4 m.

3.23. To open, install in the required position and close sashes of windows and lanterns or other opening devices in the premises, devices must be provided that can be easily controlled from the floor or from working platforms. Safety metal mesh must be installed under glazed skylights.

3.24. When repairing the glazing of windows and skylights, when cleaning glass, as well as when servicing aeration openings and lighting fixtures, passages (platforms, stairs to access the roof, etc.) must be used. special mechanisms, devices and devices that ensure the safe performance of the specified work. These works must be carried out according to the work permit.

3.25. The roofs of buildings along the perimeter must have fences with a height of at least 0.6 m. In winter, the roofs and eaves of buildings must be cleared of snow and ice. Roofs must be equipped with devices for organized precipitation drainage.

3.26. Production premises must be equipped with a sufficient number of exits for quick evacuation of people. Emergency exits and staircases must be provided in accordance with fire safety regulations.

In this case, gates for railway rolling stock are not taken into account when calculating emergency exits.

3.27. Gates, entrance doors and other openings in external walls must be insulated and equipped with devices for mechanized closing (springs, pneumatic valves, etc.), placed taking into account safety requirements.

3.28. External exits must be equipped with vestibules or air-thermal curtains in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations.

3.29. The clear dimensions of gates for normal gauge railway rolling stock (1524 mm) should be at least 5.4 m in height and 4.8 m in width. For other types of ground transport, the clear dimensions of the gates should be taken to exceed the vehicle dimensions by at least 0.2 m in height and 0.6 m in width. On the outside of the gate, ramps with a slope of no more than 10% should be provided.

3.30. Buildings, structures, structures and communications should be painted in colors in accordance with GOST 12.4.026 and standards for color finishing of interiors of industrial buildings of industrial enterprises.

3.31. The floors of production facilities and warehouses must be smooth, durable, and non-slip.

The materials provided for flooring must meet the hygienic and operational requirements for this production. Floors should be made of materials with low thermal conductivity (concrete, ceramic, etc.), and wooden grates or heat-insulating mats should be installed at workplaces.

3.32. In rooms where liquids accumulate due to operating conditions, the floors must be impermeable to liquids, have the necessary slope and drainage channels. In addition, it is recommended to install wooden gratings at workplaces. Channels in the floors for draining liquids or laying pipelines are covered with solid or lattice covers flush with the floor level. Holes in the floors for passing drive belts, conveyors, etc. must be of minimal size and fenced with sides with a height of at least 20 cm, regardless of the presence of a general fence. In cases where, due to the conditions of the technological process, channels, gutters and trenches cannot be closed, they must be fenced with railings 1 m high with lining along the bottom to a height of at least 150 mm from the floor.

3.33. In rooms where aggressive and harmful substances are used, floors must be made of materials that are resistant to the chemical effects of these substances (metlakh tiles, etc.).

3.34. The finishing of walls, ceilings and structural surfaces of premises in which production facilities are located that emit harmful or aggressive substances (mercury, lead, manganese compounds, arsenic, benzene, acids, sulfur dioxide, etc.) must allow wet cleaning.

3.35. Intra-shop rail tracks must be laid flush with the floor level.

3.36. Driveways and passages inside production premises must have clearly marked dimensions, marked on the floor with clearly marked markings using paint, metal recessed checkers and other signs.

3.37. The width of passages must correspond to the dimensions of vehicles or transported goods.

The distance from the boundaries of the roadway to the structural elements of the building and equipment must be at least 0.5 m, and when people are moving - at least 0.8 m.

The width of the passage for two-way traffic must provide a guaranteed safety zone for vehicles and pedestrians: between vehicles- not less than 0.6 m, free passages on both sides of the traffic path - not less than 0.7 m.

In order to ensure the evacuation of workers in emergency situations, the width of passages must be at least 1 m, corridors - at least 1.4 m, doors - at least 0.8 m, flights and landings of stairs - at least 1 m.

3.38. Steps, ramps, and bridges must span the entire width of the passage. Stairs must have railings at least 1 m high, the steps must be level and non-slip. Metal steps must have a corrugated surface.

3.39. Doorways must have no thresholds.

3.40. In production premises, areas must be allocated for storing materials, blanks and finished products.

3.41. Production premises must be equipped with fire fighting equipment in accordance with the Rules fire safety in the Russian Federation and GOST 12.4.009. Free access to fire-fighting inventory and equipment must be ensured. To indicate the location, type of fire equipment and fire extinguishing means, indicator signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026 must be used. It is prohibited to use fire-fighting equipment for purposes other than their intended purpose.

3.42. The condition and operation of buildings and structures must be systematically monitored. General technical inspections of industrial buildings and structures, as a rule, should be carried out twice a year - in spring and autumn. The results of inspections must be documented. A technical passport must be issued for each building and structure.

3.43. When operating industrial buildings and structures, it is prohibited:

3.43.1. Exceeding the maximum load on floors, ceilings, platforms;

3.43.2. Installation, hanging, fastening of equipment, transport devices, pipelines not provided for by the project, including temporary ones (for example, during repairs);

3.43.3. Making holes in floors, beams, columns, walls without written permission from the persons responsible for the operation of the building.

3.44. Natural and artificial lighting of production, service and auxiliary premises and artificial lighting of work areas outside the building must comply with the requirements of SNiP II-4, Electrical Installation Rules, Operating Rules for Consumer Electrical Installations, Safety Rules for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations. Wherein:

3.44.1. Industrial premises in which workers are constantly located without natural light or with insufficient natural light for biological effects (natural light factor less than 0.1%) must be equipped with artificial ultraviolet radiation installations or it is necessary to provide for the installation of photaria located on the territory of the organization;

3.44.2. Windows facing the sunny side must have devices for protection from direct sunlight (blinds, screens, visors, curtains or whitewashed glazing in the summer);

3.44.3. Glass windows and skylights must be cleaned of dust, soot and dirt at least twice a year, and in rooms with significant industrial emissions of smoke, dust, soot, dirt, etc. - at least four times a year. It is recommended to mechanize the glass cleaning process.

When cleaning glass, measures must be taken to protect workers from injury in cases of falling glass fragments;

3.44.4. Windows and other light openings must not be cluttered with parts, materials, tools and other objects;

3.44.5. Minimum distance from building structures, incl. and from window openings to production equipment must comply with the Technological Design Standards for machine-building plants;

3.44.6. Artificial lighting of industrial premises should be of two systems: general (uniform or localized) and combined (to general lighting local is added). The use of local lighting alone is not allowed;

3.44.7. To illuminate premises for various purposes and places where work is carried out outside the building, gas-discharge lamps of low and high pressure(usually luminescent). If it is impossible or technically and economically infeasible to use gas-discharge light sources, the use of incandescent lamps is allowed. The choice of light sources should be made taking into account the recommendations of building codes and Electrical Installation Rules;

3.44.8. Incandescent and fluorescent lamps used for general and local lighting must be equipped with reflectors. The use of open lamps without reflectors is prohibited;

3.44.9. The selection of lamps, fittings, electrical wiring, their installation and laying must eliminate the risk of electric shock, fire or explosion;

3.44.10. Lamps with voltages of 127 and 220 V must be suspended at a height of at least 2.5 m from the floor. When hanging luminaires at a lower height, luminaires should be used, the design of which excludes access to incandescent lamps without special devices or ensures inaccessibility to touching the live parts of fluorescent lamps. Otherwise, lamps with a voltage of no more than 42 V should be used;

3.44.11. Changing electric lamps must be carried out by electrical personnel with the voltage removed and using personal protective equipment;

3.44.12. For the safe continuation of work when it is impossible to stop it and for the exit of people from the premises in the event of a sudden shutdown of lighting, emergency and evacuation lighting must be in place;

3.44.13. Emergency lighting must be provided if the shutdown of working lighting and the associated disruption of normal maintenance of equipment and mechanisms may cause:

explosion, fire, poisoning of people;

long-term disruption of the technological process;

disruption of the operation of facilities such as control rooms, pumping units water supply, sewerage and heating;

stopping ventilation or air conditioning for industrial premises in which it is unacceptable to stop work, etc.;

3.44.14. Emergency lighting luminaires must be connected to a network independent of the working lighting network;

3.44.15. Emergency lighting must be turned on for the entire duration of the working lighting or must be turned on automatically when the working lighting is suddenly turned off;

3.45.16. Evacuation lighting should be installed:

in places dangerous for the passage of people;

in passages and staircases used for the evacuation of more than 50 people;

in industrial premises with people constantly working in them, where the exit of people from the premises during an emergency shutdown of working lighting is associated with the risk of injury due to the continued operation of production equipment;

in the premises of public buildings and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, if more than 100 people can be in the room at the same time;

3.44.17. Security lighting should be provided in the absence of special technical means of security along the borders and territories of the enterprise at night;

3.44.18. General lighting of production premises must be arranged in such a way as to prevent glare of crane operators in crane cabins;

3.44.19. General lighting of the organization's territory is allowed using floodlights and (or) lamps with a voltage of 127 or 220 V.

Electrical wires and lighting fixtures must be located in such a way that there is no possibility of people coming into contact with them, damage to them by lifting and transport equipment, moving loads, etc.;

3.44.20. Lamps for general uniform overhead lighting must have diffused light distribution;

3.44.21. Lamps for general localized (side) lighting should be located on walls or columns oriented towards workplace and have a concentrated or medium light distribution;

3.44.22. Local lighting of work surfaces must be such that the lamps can be installed in the required direction of light.

Local lighting fixtures must be structurally connected to the workplace, eliminating the need to move them during the movement of overhead cranes. To power local lighting fixtures, voltage should be applied in accordance with the requirements stipulated by the SSBT standards for specific types of equipment and taking into account the degree of danger of the production premises;

3.44.23. Hand-held portable lamps in high-risk areas must have a voltage of no higher than 42 V, and in particularly hazardous areas and outdoors - no higher than 12 V;

3.44.24. Power supply of lamps with voltage up to 42 V must be supplied from a transformer with separate windings of primary and secondary voltage, one of the terminals of the secondary winding must be grounded;

3.44.25. Luminaires must be located in such a way that they can be safely maintained. To service lamps in industrial premises, overhead cranes can be used, on the territory of the enterprise - vehicles with a telescopic tower or with a retractable ladder, etc.

When using overhead cranes to service lamps, you should be guided by the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Load-Lifting Cranes and the Safety Rules for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations.

When using lifts (towers), you should be guided by the Rules for the design and safe operation of lifts (towers);

3.44.26. In newly commissioned industrial buildings, devices for cleaning and changing lamps must be provided, ensuring the safety and ease of their maintenance;

3.44.27. Cleaning of lamps and lighting fixtures from dust, dirt and soot must be carried out according to a schedule within a time frame determined by those responsible for electrical equipment depending on local conditions, but at least 4 times a year;

3.44.28. Laying (relaying), carrying, repairing and monitoring the good condition of electrical wires, pantographs and lighting system fittings, turning on and off general purpose switches, changing lamps, fittings, fuses, plug sockets and other electrical work must be carried out by a specially trained, certified and instructed electrical engineer staff;

3.44.29. Moving, repositioning, de-energizing wires and electrical receivers of lighting electrical networks must be carried out with the permission of the administration of the workshop or site and in compliance with electrical safety rules;

3.44.30. Burnt out lamps, broken and damaged fittings must be replaced immediately.

In luminaires for general and local lighting, light sources must be used of the power for which the luminaire’s fittings are designed;

3.44.31. Correct operation of lighting installations is ensured by timely replacement of light sources. It is possible to replace light sources in groups at certain intervals depending on their service life or to replace lamps individually as they burn out.

The method of replacing light sources is established at the enterprise depending on the degree of availability of lamps for replacement and the power of lighting installations;

3.44.32. During the operation of lighting installations, it is necessary to periodically check their condition within the time frame determined by the person responsible for electrical equipment in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations;

3.44.33. Periodically, at least once a year, it is necessary to check the level of illumination at control points and the level of general illumination of the premises.

3.45. The production, auxiliary and office premises of the organization must be equipped with heating and ventilation or air conditioning systems. Wherein:

3.45.1. Job ventilation systems must create meteorological conditions and air purity that meet sanitary standards at permanent workplaces, in the working and service areas of the premises;

3.45.2. The location of ventilation systems must ensure safe and convenient installation, operation and repair of process equipment. The placement of ventilation systems should not affect the illumination of rooms, workplaces and passages;

3.45.3. For repair and maintenance of elements of ventilation systems, stationary platforms, passages, stairs and bridges must be provided for crossing them in accordance with building regulations and rules, SSBT standards;

3.45.4. Premises for ventilation equipment must ensure the safe performance of repair, installation and operational work and must be equipped with installation openings and lifting devices in accordance with building codes and regulations;

3.45.5. Ventilation systems should not increase the explosion and fire hazard, and should not contribute to the spread of explosion or combustion products to other rooms.

In the event of a fire, provision must be made for the immediate shutdown of ventilation systems in accordance with the emergency containment and response plan. In case of accidents requiring the simultaneous shutdown of all ventilation systems in premises with production facilities of fire and explosion hazard categories A, B and E, the shutdown must be carried out through devices located outside these premises;

3.45.6. Electrical equipment of ventilation systems, its control and measuring equipment must meet the requirements of the Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations, the Rules for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations and the Safety Rules for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations;

3.45.7. The equipment of ventilation systems of premises with production categories A, B and E, where the appearance of static electricity is possible, must ensure electrostatic intrinsic safety and have grounding connections marked with a grounding sign;

3.45.8. For heating production, service and auxiliary premises, systems, devices and coolants must be provided that do not emit additional industrial hazards;

3.45.9. With a central heating system, it must be possible to regulate the heating of the room with the ability to independently turn on and off the heating sections;

3.45.10. Heating devices in industrial premises with significant dust emissions must have smooth surfaces allowing wet cleaning (cleaning);

3.45.11. Heating devices steam heating for conditions according to clause 3.45.10. must be protected by metal casings and regularly cleaned of dust;

3.45.12. For industrial premises in which there is more than 50 m2 of floor area per worker, heating systems should be provided that provide the required air temperature at permanent workplaces and a lower regulated temperature outside these workplaces;

3.45.13. For ventilation of production, service and auxiliary premises, both natural aeration and a forced ventilation system should be used. The choice of ventilation type must be justified by calculations confirming the provision of the required air exchange, metrological and sanitary-hygienic state of the air environment;

3.45.15. The opening of window transoms, lantern sashes, and shaft openings must be mechanized and carried out using devices controlled from the floor;

3.45.16. Window frames, transoms, skylights, doors and vestibules to them, thermal curtain devices must be kept in good condition and must be checked and brought into working condition by the winter period of operation;

3.45.17. The supporting structures for fastening air ducts of ventilation systems must be reliable, made of fireproof materials, and not cause or transmit vibrations.

Local suction units should be attached to non-vibrating or least vibrating elements of process equipment;

3.45.18. The material and design of gaskets for flange connections of air ducts of ventilation systems must be selected taking into account the temperature, chemical and physical-mechanical properties of the transported medium;

3.45.19. The joints of air ducts of ventilation systems should not be located in the body of walls, partitions and ceilings;

3.45.20. The laying of pipelines transporting harmful, poisonous, explosive, flammable or with unpleasant odors of gases and liquids on air ducts and through ventilation equipment rooms is not permitted;

3.45.21. Elements of ventilation systems transporting air with temperatures above 70° C must be painted with heat-resistant and non-flammable paints;

3.45.22. Commissioning tests and adjustment of ventilation systems after their installation to design parameters must be carried out in accordance with building codes and regulations by the installation organization. The execution of the specified work must be preceded by a pre-start inspection carried out on non-operating systems;

3.45.23. Carrying out pre-launch tests and adjustments until the deficiencies identified during pre-start control inspections of ventilation systems are eliminated is not allowed;

3.45.24. Changes in the design of ventilation systems and their individual elements are not allowed without agreement with the project developer;

3.45.25. Ventilation systems that have passed pre-launch tests and are equipped with operating instructions, a passport, and a repair and operation log are allowed for operation.

The operating instructions for ventilation systems must indicate explosion and fire safety measures;

3.45.26. Scheduled inspections of ventilation systems must be carried out in accordance with the schedule approved by the administration of the organization;

3.45.27. Preventive inspections of the premises of ventilation units, cleaning devices and other elements of ventilation systems serving premises with production categories A, B and E must be carried out at least once per shift with the inspection results recorded in the operation log. Any malfunctions discovered during this process must be corrected immediately;

3.45.28. The premises of ventilation units must be locked, and there must be a sign on the doors with an inscription prohibiting entry to unauthorized persons.

Storage of materials, tools and other materials in these premises foreign objects, the use of these premises for other purposes is prohibited;

3.45.29. Ventilation systems for rooms with aggressive environments must undergo a condition check, control of the strength of the walls and fastening elements of air ducts, ventilation devices and treatment facilities within the time limits established by the administration of the enterprise, but at least once a year. The results are documented and entered into the installation passport;

3.45.30. Lubricating the mechanisms of ventilation units should be carried out only after they have completely stopped. Lubrication points must be provided with safe and convenient access;

3.45.31. When developing plans for the reconstruction of production associated with changes in existing technological schemes, production processes and equipment, issues of suitability or changes to existing ventilation systems must be simultaneously considered;

3.45.32. Ventilation systems that cannot be used due to changes in technology or replacement of equipment must be dismantled;

3.45.33. All types of repairs to ventilation systems must be carried out in accordance with schedules of scheduled preventive maintenance approved by the enterprise in accordance with the established procedure;

3.45.34. It is recommended to carry out repairs of local exhaust ventilation systems simultaneously with scheduled repairs of process equipment serviced by these systems.

If ventilation systems scheduled for repair are connected to other production facilities or premises, their shutdown is allowed only by mutual agreement;

3.45.35. Repair and cleaning of ventilation systems must be carried out in ways that exclude the possibility of explosion or fire;

3.45.36. Repair of electrical equipment of explosion-proof ventilation systems must be carried out by a specialized enterprise or an enterprise that has the appropriate license.

After repair, the equipment must be tested. The test results and the nature of the repair must be included in the passport for this equipment;

3.45.37. Cleaning of ventilation systems must be carried out within a time limit established by instructions manual. A note about cleaning must be recorded in the system repair and operation log;

3.45.38. Air removed by ventilation systems and containing harmful or unpleasant-smelling substances must be purified to acceptable concentrations established by sanitary standards before being released into the atmosphere;

3.45.39. In workshops where particularly toxic substances are used, ventilation systems must be equipped with an alarm that turns on automatically when the fan stops;

3.45.40. Areas of workshops where technological processes are accompanied by the release of dust, gas or steam should, as a rule, be located in isolated rooms equipped with appropriate ventilation.

In places where dust, gas and (or) steam are formed, local suction must be installed. If the specified sections are located in the technological chain and for this reason it is impossible to separate them into separate rooms, the normal state of the air environment in the adjacent areas must be ensured;

3.45.41. Repair, maintenance, monitoring of the good condition and operation of ventilation units must be carried out by trained, certified and instructed personnel;

3.45.42. At workplaces near furnaces, presses, hammers and other equipment with significant heat release, it is necessary to install shower installations of both stationary and portable types with devices that provide heating of air in the cold season and cooling it in the hot season;

3.45.43. The efficiency of ventilation should be checked systematically by control measurements with analysis of the state of the air environment;

3.45.44. Ventilation chambers must be located in special isolated rooms. Access to them should be limited to persons servicing these installations;

3.45.45. Ventilation systems and their installation sites must be easily accessible for inspection, cleaning and repair;

3.45.46. To protect workplaces from drafts in the cold season, it is necessary to provide air or air-thermal curtains.

Gates that open more than five times or for at least 40 minutes per shift must be equipped with curtains. Curtains should be installed in technological openings of heated buildings and structures in the absence of airlock vestibules in areas with an estimated outside air temperature below 15° C;

3.45.47. Air and air-thermal curtains must ensure that, during the opening of gates, doors or technological openings, the air temperature in premises at permanent workplaces is not lower than:

14° C - during light physical work;

12° C - during moderate work;

8° C - during hard work.

If there are no permanent workplaces in the area of ​​gates, doors or technological openings, when they are opened, the air temperature may drop to 5° C;

3.45.48. Emergency ventilation should be provided for industrial premises in which a sudden release of a large amount of harmful substances (except dust) into the air of the working area is possible;

3.45.49. Emergency ventilation should, as a rule, be exhaust. Emergency ventilation must remove air to the outside. The air removed by emergency exhaust ventilation must be replenished primarily by the influx of outside air;

3.45.50. Emergency ventilation together with permanent ventilation must provide at least eight air changes per hour.

3.46. The composition of sanitary premises for various types of production, their arrangement and dimensions must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.09.04, while:

3.46.1. The composition of sanitary premises should include:

dressing rooms, showers, pre-showers, washrooms, latrines, smoking rooms, places for drinking water supply devices, heating rooms, rooms for processing, storing and issuing workwear, etc.;

3.46.2. The distance from workplaces in industrial buildings to restrooms, smoking rooms, heating or cooling rooms, drinking water supply devices should be no more than 75 m, and from workplaces on the enterprise site - no more than 150 m;

3.46.3. The production premises must be equipped with sanitary posts equipped with stretchers, first aid kits with medicines and other means for providing first aid to workers. Monitoring the condition and maintenance of sanitary posts must be entrusted to a specially designated person;

3.46.4. To wash workwear, an organization or a group of organizations must have a laundry room with a dry cleaning department. An organization can use the services of city laundries and dry cleaners if they have a special department (process lines) for processing workwear;

3.46.5. In laundries, premises for the repair of workwear should be provided at the rate of 9 m2 per workplace. The number of jobs should be taken at the rate of one job for shoe repair and two jobs for repair of workwear per 1000 people. the payroll number of employees at the enterprise;

3.46.6. In cases where this is required by production conditions, dryers for special clothing and special shoes, dust removal chambers and decontamination units must be installed;

3.46.7. The walls and partitions of dressing rooms for work clothes, showers, pre-shower rooms, washrooms, restrooms, rooms for drying, dust removal and neutralization of work clothes must be made to a height of 2 m from the floor from materials that can be washed with hot water and detergents. The walls and partitions of these premises are above the 2 m mark, the ceilings must have a waterproof coating. The floors of sanitary premises must be moisture-resistant and have a non-slip surface (ceramic tiles, etc.);

3.46.8. Production premises must be equipped with devices drinking water based on one device per 100 workers for groups production processes 2a, 26 and for 200 workers for the remaining groups of production processes (1a, 1b, 1c, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3b, 4). The temperature of drinking water must be in the range from 8 to 20 ° C. All elements of the drinking system must be in good condition, ensuring the good quality of drinking water and the continuity of the system.

To supply drinking water, automatic machines, fountains, locked tanks with gushing nozzles and other devices should be provided;

3.46.9. In hot shops, devices should be provided (saturation units, vending machines, kiosks, etc.) to supply workers with salted carbonated water containing 0.5% table salt based on the consumption of 4-5 liters of water per person per shift;

3.46.10. Installations for dispensing salted carbonated water must be kept clean and have devices for rinsing glasses, drain sinks or special receivers for draining water;

3.46.11. Drinking tanks must be made of materials that are not subject to corrosion and do not emit substances harmful to the human body.

3.46.12. Personnel servicing drinking water supply installations are subject to all sanitary requirements established for catering workers;

3.46.13. The enterprise must develop instructions for servicing drinking tanks, carbonation units, vending machines, kiosks, etc. for storage, distribution, filling, washing, disinfection, etc. drinking water supply devices.

The instructions must be agreed upon with local sanitary and epidemiological authorities;

3.46.14. Outer and special clothing and shoes should be stored separately in dressing rooms, in closed or open (on the front side) type cabinets with compartments equipped with hangers, places for hats, shoes, toiletries and, if necessary, for personal protective equipment. Cabinets can be single or double with partitions;

3.46.15. Showers should be located in rooms adjacent to dressing rooms. Showers should have pre-showers. Shower cabins are separated by partitions made of moisture-resistant materials. Up to 20% of shower stalls may be closed. Showers must be provided with uninterrupted hot and cold water and must be equipped with hot and cold water mixers. Hot water pipes accessible to touch must be insulated to avoid burns;

3.46.16. Washbasins to which is connected hot water, must be equipped with hot and cold water mixers. Washbasins should have sufficient soap and clean, dry towels or replacement devices (electric towels). Washbasins should be located adjacent to dressing rooms or in the area provided for this purpose in the dressing rooms;

3.46.17. The entrance to the toilet must be equipped with a vestibule with a self-closing door. The vestibule should include washbasins, towel racks (or electric towels) and shelves for soap.

Each cabin must have hooks for outerwear;

3.46.18. In departments with more than 75 women workers per shift, it is recommended to arrange rooms for women’s personal hygiene at the rate of 75 people per installation. In these premises there must be places for undressing and a washbasin;

3.46.19. Smoking in industrial premises is permitted in specially designated areas equipped with fire extinguishing equipment and water cans.

Smoking is prohibited in dressing rooms. If, due to production or fire safety conditions, smoking in production premises or on the territory of the enterprise is not allowed, as well as when the volume of production premises per worker is less than 50 m 3, smoking rooms should be provided, equipped with bins with water, fire extinguishing means and exhaust ventilation;

3.46.20. Eating is permitted only in specially designated areas;

3.46.21. Ventilation of sanitary premises must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05.

During the cold season, heated supply air should be supplied to the upper zone of the room to compensate for the volume of air removed from the premises.

In buildings with a total area of ​​​​no more than 100 m2, in which there are no more than two toilets, during the cold season it is allowed to provide a natural flow of outside air through the windows.

During the warm period of the year, the premises should be provided with a natural supply of outside air through opening windows. The supply of outside air by mechanically driven systems should be provided for rooms without windows, as well as if it is necessary to treat outside air;

3.46.22. Air removal should, as a rule, be provided directly from sanitary premises using systems with natural or mechanical impulse. In showers and toilets with three or more places, mechanical ventilation must be used;

3.46.23. Ventilation of dressing rooms should be organized through showers, and if the air exchange of the dressing room exceeds the air exchange of the shower room, air removal should be provided through the shower room in the volume established for it, and the remaining difference should be compensated directly from the dressing room;

3.46.24. Sanitary premises and the devices and equipment located in them must be kept clean and in good condition.

ROOM TECHNICAL room intended to accommodate the building's engineering equipment

(Bulgarian language; Български) - technical room

(Czech language; Čeština) - prostor technikého vybavení; místnost technického vybavení; technický prostor

(German; Deutsch) - technischer Raum

(Hungarian; Magyar) - műszaki helyiseg

(Mongolian) - technical buy

(Polish language; Polska) - pomieszczenie techniczne

(Romanian language; Român) - technical information

(Serbo-Croatian language; Srpski jezik; Hrvatski jezik) - tehnička prostorija

(Spanish; Español) - local technical

(English language; English) - engineering and utility services room

(French; Français) - local installations techniques

Construction dictionary.

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