What to plant when in the garden table. When to plant seedlings of peppers, tomatoes and other vegetable crops? Desired harvest time

Any novice summer resident is interested in the question of what to plant in the garden. After all, there are a lot of crops grown in our country. In addition, it is not enough to simply plant and grow all the vegetables and herbs in a row. It is necessary to take into account some nuances, for example, the correct “neighborhood” of plants. It is also important to know where exactly a particular crop should be planted on the site, because some plants require light places, while others require shade. If a gardener knows all the nuances of planting plants in country beds, then he will receive beautiful plot(And his landscape design) and a good harvest (more details on how to plant and grow any plant mentioned below can be found in the articles on the site).

Planning of plantings in a garden plot

Before planting a summer cottage, you need to think through and calculate everything. Initially, we decide what exactly we want to see in our garden.

Several questions will help a novice gardener decide, the answers to which will be the starting point for the future.

1. What vegetables and berries are preferable for the whole family?

2. Are you planning to can vegetables for the winter?

3. How much time do you plan to spend on the site?

4. Is its territory well lit by the sun?

5. Are they suitable? climatic conditions for growing berries vegetable crops?

These factors are the most important. There are, of course, other nuances, for example, the quality of the soil, its drainage, but they can be solved. The land can be improved and drainage provided. And when the site is in constant shade, if the sun is hidden by the foliage of trees, for example, or there is a cold climate in the area where the dacha is located, then this option there will be no luck, and you still won’t be able to grow all the crops you would like.

It is necessary to plan the site on a large sheet of paper, preferably millimeter paper, in this case you can clearly see what, where and how best to place it.

Necessary to plan landings

1. Draw a plan dacha area on paper in A3 format. A sketch will not help in this case, so it is better to make accurate measurements.

2. Mark on the site plan all existing buildings and those that are planned: barn, house, outbuildings, gazebo, swimming pool, flower beds, place for compost, recreation area (barbecue). If you plan to set up a vineyard, then it must be noted separately.

3. Make several copies of the resulting territory plan.

4. On free space Zones should be designated based on the degree of their illumination: well-lit areas and shadow.

5. Mark the source of water.

6. Select locations for greenhouses or greenhouses for vegetables. They will require a large area. Also, do not forget about the distance on the paths (minimum 30 cm).

Choosing a place for crops

To understand what to plant and where, you need to divide all vegetables into:

Demanding

TO a large number nutrients. These include:

• Tomatoes,
• cabbage,
• cucumbers,
• celery,
• pumpkin,
• zucchini,
• pepper (both sweet and bitter).

Moderately demanding

Such vegetables will have to be fed once a season, they are:

• Kohlrabi,
• eggplants,
• radish,
• salad,
• potato,
• carrots (please),
• beet ().

Undemanding

Such plants will need a minimum amount nutrients. These include:

• Seasonings (dill, basil, sage and others),
• beans,
• peas.

Drawing up a planting plan

To compose it correctly, you should divide the garden into 4 zones:

1. For perennials (garden strawberries and strawberries). The berries should be replanted every few years.

2. For planting demanding crops.

3. For plants that need feeding once a season.

4. For undemanding crops.

After a season demanding vegetables It will be necessary to plant in the area where the seasonings were (undemanding), in the area where the demanding vegetables were planted, the medium-demanding ones will be placed, and the area where the moderately demanding vegetables were planted last season will be freed up for the seasonings. It is worth noting that you need to alternate vegetables annually, as this helps to obtain maximum yield, and the soil has time to rest.

For example, cabbage (we start, of course, with) can be placed in the place of nightshades (tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers), cucumbers, onions (and we generally exclude nightshades themselves when placed next to each other).

It is advisable to sow cucumbers in place of peppers or spinach, carrots - peas or tomatoes.

Which garden crops require beds and which do not?

Some vegetables require a separate area, since they can only grow well in their own beds. In addition, some types of vegetables cannot grow “in the neighborhood” at all.

But there are also plants that do not require a separate place; they grow well together with the main crop. Such plants include:

• Beans,
• radish,
• beet,
• dill (it grows well throughout the entire area, you don’t need to plant it on purpose, but simply scatter the seeds),
• turnip.

What can you say about grapes?

For example, you can add radishes, beets or spinach to it.

About raspberries

It doesn't need beds. Raspberries will be comfortable along the fence, about fruit trees. You can also set up a separate raspberry garden: plant the bushes in several rows, the width of which should be about 0.6 m, and install supports with which the bushes will be tied up. That is, two rows of raspberries can be placed on 1.5 m of soil. You can sow sorrel next to the raspberry tree - this plant will prevent the bushes from growing too much. Apart from sorrel, not a single crop can “get along” with raspberries.

List of plants for planting and growing in the garden

Vegetables, herbs and berries

After planning the ridges, you can begin to select the crops that will be planted on the site. And the choice is huge:

• Tomatoes,
• carrot,
• eggplants,
• radish,
• zucchini,
• garlic (),
• different types cabbage (white and red, cauliflower, kohlrabi, broccoli,...),
• cucumbers,
• pumpkin,
• pepper (sweet and hot),
• turnip,
• beet,
• squash,
• beans,
• greenery,
• potato,
• peas,
• corn,
• berries (strawberries, wild strawberries, raspberries).

If a summer cottage large sizes, then all of the above crops can be grown on it. If there is not much space, then you will have to shorten the list and plant only those crops that are needed more than others. After all, to provide a family with, for example, potatoes, it will not be enough to make several beds. As a rule, large areas of the site are allocated for potatoes. To solve this problem, you can take a different route and plant early potatoes in a small area, in a place vacated, for example, by radishes.

Or you can use the Mittleider method ( narrow ridges), which, for example, on our site (using 0.8 dacha acres) yields 5-7 bags of potatoes (“bad” - “good” in terms of rainfall and warm years). This method is applicable to: tomatoes, onions, beets, cabbage, carrots, garlic, corn,... (eggplants and peppers do not react to it).

Herbs

In the shaded areas of the dacha area you can plant greenery, which can be used until the end of autumn. Shade-loving herbs are:

• Basil,
• Melissa,
• dill,
• parsley,
• mint,
• decorative wormwood,
• tarragon.

We grow these plants both in beds and on tree trunk circles fruit plantings. In this case, two problems are solved at once - the presence of greenery and protection fruit trees from pests (codling moths). If spices placed in the area near the currants, you will be able to scare away slugs from the berry bushes. In addition to using these plants fresh, you can make preparations for the winter period. All you have to do is dry the greens.

Useful but rare plants

If the garden area allows, you can plant crops that are rare for many today:

• Rhubarb,
• arugula,
• chard,
• leaf mustard.

All these crops can be planted in shaded areas of the garden. To grow rhubarb, simply sow the seeds and water the plant generously. The rest of the crops on the list can grow in the sun, however, it is in the shade that they can retain their taste and taste for a long time. beneficial features.

Flowers

Many people believe that a garden is a place exclusively for planting vegetables. However, there are excellent exceptions. Flowers can also be planted in the beds, but all of them are useful, for example:

• Marigolds (at the edges of the rows),
• medicinal chamomile,
• yarrow,
• nasturtium,
• valerian,
• mint.

These plants can be planted in small flower beds or at the end of rows.

How to plant on a small summer cottage

Summer residents who have small area, can still plant many crops, but in limited quantities. In addition, for small dachas It is better to use mixed planting technology, that is, to grow several types of vegetables on one ridge. In this case, one culture will be considered the main one, and the others - satellites. Thanks to mixed planting, it will be possible to use the territory more rationally, and in this case the land will be less depleted. And different types of crops, with the right “neighborhood”, will protect each other from diseases and pests.

When a mixed sowing method is used, it is necessary to sow plants that grow and mature quickly between the rows of the main plants (they are also called compactors). When the main vegetable grows a little and needs more space, the sealing plants will already be ripe, that is, the main vegetable will be able to continue to grow unhindered. Aromatic herbs and greens work best as sealants. But with this method of sowing, the gardener must know exactly which plants can “neighbor”.

What crops are combined with each other in plantings in the garden?

Before planting crops, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with information regarding crop compatibility. Below is a list of the main crops and plants that can be combined and which are best planted at a distance from each other.

cucumbers

It goes well with:

• Salad,
• radish,
• sunflower,
• corn,
• tomatoes,
• peas.

Poor compatibility with:

• Sage,
• fennel,
• dill,
• mint.

Tomatoes

Adjacent to:

• Garlic,
• carrots,
• spinach,
• onions,
• corn,
• cabbage,
• parsley,
• irises.

It is better not to plant next to tomatoes:

• Potatoes
• beets,
• fennel.

Cabbage

Next to it you can sow:

• Beetroot,
• potatoes,
• beans,
• mint,
• dill,
• marigold.

These vegetables do not go well with:

• Tomatoes,
• strawberries.

Eggplant

Can be planted near any vegetables

For example, cauliflower, but

The best "neighbors" are:

• Legumes,
• aromatic herbs.

Potato

Prefers proximity to:

• Cabbage,
• radish,
• corn,
• beans,
• salad.

You should not plant next to potatoes:

• Tomatoes,
• pumpkin,
• cucumbers

Carrot

Pairs well with:

• Bow,
• tomatoes,
• sage
• garlic,
• beans,
• radish.

But it is not advisable to combine dill with carrots.

Onion

Compatible with:

• Cabbage,
• carrots,
• beets,
• salad,
• radish,
• strawberries.

Bad neighbors are:

• Beans,
• peas.

Pepper

Compatible with:

• Basilica,
• coriander,
• carrots,
• onions

It is advisable to exclude from:

• fennel,
• beans.

Radish

Reacts calmly to proximity to any vegetables

Salad

Will be a good "neighbor" for:

• Strawberries (strawberries),
• beets,
• peas,
• tomatoes,
• cabbage

Salad does not get along well with parsley, but it does well with chrysanthemums.

Beet

It has good compatibility with cabbage, but it doesn’t “go well” with tomatoes and beans.

Beans

Develops normally, adjacent to:

• Cabbage,
• tomatoes,
• pumpkin,
• carrots.

Doesn't go well with:

• leeks,
• garlic

Garlic

If possible, it grows well next to gladioli.

What to plant in the garden first and what second?

Early spring

Carrot

One of the first crops that you can sow in your garden. It is better to choose several varieties of carrots - early and intended for storage. It is recommended to sow more than normal in case germination is low. When the sprouts grow to 4-5 cm, they can be thinned out.

It is better to buy granulated seeds, since they are more reliable and easier to sow. Sowing is done in furrows spilled with water. Their depth should not exceed 2 cm. They should not be covered; simply sprinkle with mulch, soil, and sawdust. Watering should be done in a fine-drip manner, twice a day.

Greenery

Also at this time you can plant herbs: parsley, dill, etc. You shouldn’t take up a lot of space for greenery; one row will be enough, which can be demarcated with pegs.

Radish

Is one of the most popular early vegetables. It can be planted and grown in any region; it quickly produces a harvest.

Main season - late spring and summer

When they appeared in the earth earthworms, can be planted most crops The “run” in terms of timing is large here: mid-April to mid-May.

Seeds can be planted:

• Parsley,
• peas,
• beets,
• zucchini,
• pumpkin,
• cucumbers

Seedlings need to be planted:

• White cabbage,
• Bell pepper,
• eggplants.

It is worth noting that for beginners, growing these particular plants will not cause difficulties, since they are all unpretentious. It is enough to water them on time and get rid of weeds.

What to plant in the garden after the frosts have gone away

• Tomatoes,
• bell pepper,
• eggplants.

Of these vegetables, tomatoes are considered the most unpretentious. Nowadays, tomato seeds are presented in a wide range; there are many hybrids and varieties that can bear fruit without shelter, and there is no need to sap them.

Eggplants are more difficult to care for. But nothing is impossible - a little theory and patience will help you cope with this task.

All these plants are planted in the garden as seedlings. You can grow seedlings yourself by sowing the seeds one and a half to two months before the intended planting, or you can buy them. When buying seedlings, we choose only plants with a dark green color and healthy foliage. Otherwise, it is unlikely that you will be able to get a good harvest.

Late gardeners

The last crops are possible even in last decade June. At this time, early ripening cabbage, potatoes (only sprouted ones), and turnips will still have time to ripen. As for greens, experienced vegetable growers specially sow them twice - in the spring (early) and at the top of the summer, so that the second harvest “arrives” by the beginning of autumn. We plant radishes regularly, until the end of August.

Other types of vegetable gardens

With poor drainage

• Vertical,
• stormwater,
• deep.

If it is not possible to do it, then you can think about what to plant in such a garden. During the entire growing season, not a single plant needs excess moisture. You can try planting crops in your garden that can withstand increased moisture. These include:

• Zucchini,
• cucumbers

But it is best to plant such an area with flowers, for example:

• Bathing suit (fries),
• primrose,
• forget-me-nots,
• swamp gladiolus.

Shaded

In this case, it is better to plant unpretentious crops that tolerate shade, for example:

• Spicy greens,
• salad,
• radish,
• spinach.

It is worth knowing that light-loving vegetables such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and potatoes will grow very poorly without the sun.

In addition to vegetables, you can plant strawberries in shaded areas. Although it is a berry, it is actively bred for country gardens. In addition to strawberries, a place in the shade can be given to currants - this bush feels great in such places.

Decorative

An area planted with plants gives free rein to show your imagination (not everything, after all, comes down to food!). Everyone creates their own garden. After all, it is not at all necessary that only vegetables and berries be present on it. You can also allocate a little space for beauty. Moreover, some flowers, for example, nasturtium or marigolds, can coexist with different crops. It all depends on the area of ​​available territory and the imagination of the summer resident.

Plantings can be placed to create a symmetrical pattern, interesting picturesque groups or concentric circles.

In a place where shade constantly reigns, you can put a bench or arrange a gazebo, plant decorative ferns - and best place it will be impossible to find a place to rest.

Curtains of tall plants, which delight with abundant and bright flowering, can become a spectacular backdrop:

• Decorative sunflower,
• climbing green beans,
• Jerusalem artichoke,
• mallow,
• dahlias and others.




Planning a vegetable garden is quite difficult, but very exciting activity. If you approach this process creatively, think through everything carefully and calculate it, you will be able to plant everything you have planned, and your garden beds will become a source of pride for you. And if you show a little imagination, the site will become very beautiful and will please the eye. Any beginner, if desired, can grow vegetables in the garden. If something doesn’t work out in the first season, then next year, when all errors are corrected, the result will not be long in coming.

February is on the threshold of spring. And with a significant increase in days, gardeners begin to prepare for spring. It’s time to start growing seedlings, preparing seed potatoes for planting and, of course, replenishing the missing varieties of vegetable crops, repairing and renewing gardening equipment. It is necessary to repair the greenhouse frames in time, put together or correct the seed boxes. Buy gardening tools and materials for covering greenhouses and greenhouses from spring frosts- Shouldn’t we get them now?

In addition to big things, there are also small ones. One of the small tasks: warm up and dry the cucumber seeds. Hang bags of cucumber seeds near a radiator or near the stove. As the old masters believed, heated seeds germinate better.

The end of winter is the time to worry about the seeds. Every gardener usually has some old seeds left over. There is no need to throw them away: the seeds of many vegetable crops can remain viable for 4-8 years. For example, in tomato, cucumber, melon, watermelon, pumpkin, zucchini, squash. Seeds of cucumber, cabbage, and radish do not lose their germination for three to four years; a year older - beets, watermelon and pumpkins. Pea and corn seeds remain viable for 5 - 7 years. Many gardeners take cucumber and pumpkin seeds for sowing not in the first year. Better than the second or third, it is believed that they are more productive because they have more female flowers (for the ovary). This does not apply to hybrid varieties. In the third or fourth year, the sowing quality of cabbage, beets, radishes, eggplant, spinach, carrots, peppers, sorrel, peas and beans may decrease. After a year or two, the seeds of dill, parsley, spinach, parsnips, lettuce and onions may become ungerminating. They require careful testing for germination. But still, 50 - 70% seed germination is considered normal. In addition, seed germination depends not only on shelf life, but also on storage conditions.

In fact, for sowing, they stock up on varietal seeds in specialized stores. What usually confuses you when buying seeds? After all, there are many varieties of cucumbers or tomatoes. Don't get lost! Decide when and where you will sow: in a greenhouse or in the ground. Usually, the growing season and growing conditions are written on bags of seeds. Decide which variety you want - early ripening, mid ripening or late ripening. For example, tomatoes can be different lengths stem, may vary in shape and color of the fruit. Read the labels, don’t take everything, consult the seller. It is better to choose varieties that are local or more suitable for your area.

When growing vegetables, vegetable growers try to beat time - that is, beat the deadlines in order to get the harvest early. Therefore, there are those who are engaged in “sowing” even before the snow melts. How it's done? Glue the seeds onto paper strips. By rolling out paper rolls on prepared soil in the spring, you thereby free yourself from the labor-intensive work of sowing seeds - this operation was performed in winter indoors. Here is one of many examples of “sowing” cucumbers, carrots, turnips, and radishes. First, the seeds are checked for germination: one teaspoon of salt is dissolved in 1 glass of water. This solution is used to check. For some seeds (carrots, dill, lettuce, turnips), you need to help them get wet. They are placed in gauze, held under running water (room temperature) and then placed in saline solution. After 15 minutes, the floated, lightweight ones are thrown away, and the settled seeds are washed from salt in clean water and placed in a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate for 1-2 minutes for disinfection. Then they dry it and after a day, glue the seeds onto paper with starch paste.

Starch paste is prepared as follows: half a glass cold water take one teaspoon of starch and mix well; then, stirring, heat until the mass becomes creamy, and do not bring to a boil. The paste cools, it is taken with a match with cotton wool wound around the tip and touched to the paper. One seed is placed on a speck of paste. The distances are usually maintained as follows: cucumber seeds are sown in a checkerboard pattern according to a pattern of 10 x 10 cm; carrots - in 3 rows with a distance in the row of 2 cm and between rows of 6 - 7 cm; turnip seeds are also in 3 rows with a gap of 5 cm in the row and 5 - 6 cm between the rows; radishes in 4 rows, and in a row there are also 4 cm and between rows 4 - 5 cm. In the spring, all that remains is to prepare the soil, water it abundantly, roll out paper strips, sprinkle with sand in the form of mulch and cover with earth on top. Here you have the first sowing in the ground at the end of April - beginning of May (and as for the sowing time, it is better to be guided by your local conditions). By “sowing” the vegetable grower gains time.

But if this method does not suit you or is not correct, let’s leave it, well, at least for grandmothers, and read on.

It is known that in relation to temperature conditions Vegetable crops are divided into cold-resistant and heat-demanding. The first group includes onions and garlic, sorrel, rhubarb, dill, lettuce, spinach, cabbage, root vegetables, and peas. Their seeds are able to germinate at a temperature of 1 - 3 degrees Celsius. And their seedlings are resistant to frost: they can withstand -3, even -6 degrees below zero (Celsius).

Heat-demanding crops: cucumber, zucchini, squash, pumpkin, tomato, pepper, eggplant, beans, beans. For seed germination, they need a fairly high temperature, no lower than 12 - 14 degrees Celsius. Their seedlings can barely withstand only about 0 degrees. More severe frosts kill both seedlings and real leaves and productive organs.

It turns out that we cannot plant and sow all these vegetables at the same time.

In addition, our country is large, it has a huge extent from west to east, and there is a big difference in weather conditions from north to south. Therefore, sowing times are different for different areas and there is no clear answer to the question of when to plant this or that vegetable. We can only roughly recommend, but more precisely, vegetable growers are guided by local weather conditions.

When the month of March arrives, it is not yet close to sowing in open ground. By March popular expression“It’s winter both behind and in front.” Therefore, many vegetable growers, in order to speed up the cultivation of especially heat-demanding crops, begin growing seedlings. The season for growing seedlings begins at the end of February and lasts in March and April, depending on the place of residence of gardeners. So seedling method They grow tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, pumpkins and cabbage too.

In large farms, stationary greenhouses are used for growing seedlings, where plants can be grown regardless of weather conditions, using heating, fluorescent lamps for lighting, irrigation with heated water up to desired temperature. There, technology is used to maintain lighting conditions, apply fertilizers and various methods pest control. Many people simply go to a specialty store and buy seedlings.

But if someone wants to grow seedlings themselves, they start growing them either simply indoors or using greenhouses or greenhouses. In this case, it is important to determine the time of sowing seedlings. This time may vary. Firstly, it depends on the geographical location of your residence. Somewhere seedlings begin to be sown at the end of February, somewhere in March and even in April. Secondly, what type of plant - tomatoes, or peppers, or eggplant, or cucumber - do you want to have. And thirdly, what variety. In the second and third cases, you will have to estimate how long your seedlings will be when you start planting them in the ground, or maybe just leave them to grow in the greenhouse. After all, if you sow too early, the seedlings may outgrow, that is, by the time of planting they will bloom and then you will definitely lose the first color when transplanting; or the seedlings are so big that you planted them, but then there was frost and all the seedlings died. Or did you sow early variety, then figure out when it blooms so you can plant it before flowering.

To grow seedlings, gardeners use wooden boxes with collapsible partitions or with homemade cups from scrap materials. Or they buy plastic boxes and cups. Boxes with crops are displayed as usual on sunny windowsill. Or they move a bookcase or table in the window. Someone takes out the inner frame, places it on the table, fixes the frame on the table at a distance of 70-80 cm from the outer frame, both frames must have windows for ventilation.

The interframe space is tightened plastic film and place boxes with seedlings there. You can even make it in two tiers. During the day the temperature there rises to 20-25 degrees, at night 10-12 degrees. Over time, when it gets warmer outside and the greenhouse is prepared, in April the boxes with seedlings are transferred to the greenhouse or placed in a greenhouse for a day.

In March (or maybe in April, it all depends on where you live), it’s time to start preparing potatoes for planting: tubers sprouted in the light and warmed up allow you to harvest earlier. Germination is carried out in different ways. Someone first washes the tubers in warm water, removing pathogens and larvae from the surface Colorado potato beetle. Well-washed potatoes germinate better and do not emit foreign odors in the room. At the beginning of germination, the useful temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, but after a few days it is reduced to 12-14 degrees. heat. The temperature should not be greatly reduced so as not to weaken the germination of tubers. Potatoes are placed in glass 3-liter jars of 2 kg each or in translucent ones plastic bags with holes for gas exchange. Germination takes 30-40 days at a temperature of 12-14 degrees at natural or artificial lighting. Many gardeners place green potatoes to warm up. It is better stored, is not touched by rodents and suffers less from spring frosts.

Greenhouses and greenhouses

At the end of March - beginning of April, gardeners set up greenhouses and greenhouses. For a greenhouse, choose a sunny area protected from the wind, mainly on a southern slope. The bed sits under the film for two weeks until the soil warms up. Covering with film prevents frost from killing the plants. The greenhouse also helps to avoid excess moisture for areas with excessive moisture. There they make a sand cushion under the base. Where plants don't require too much high temperature, which forms in a greenhouse under a film on a sunny day, and to prevent the seedlings from being cooked, vegetable growers began to use spunbond covering material. It protects against frost down to -5 degrees and protects against overheating.

When the soil in the greenhouse or hothouse warms up enough, vegetable growers transfer all work with the plants there. There you can harden seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, and pumpkins by fencing off a place for them with film. There you can get good seedlings cabbage Grow radishes, kohlrabi cabbage, onions, salads, dill, and grow celery seedlings even earlier. After all, celery seeds germinate very slowly.

Celery seeds begin to germinate after 3-4 weeks, during which time they germinate in the box. Then they are scattered on a bed in a greenhouse and in mid-May the celery seedlings can be transplanted into the ground. Part of the greenhouse can be used for planting and growing early tomatoes and cucumbers or for vernalization of potatoes.

Vegetable growers know that the seeds of most vegetables begin to sprout faster if they are prepared. To do this, disinfect the seeds, keep them moist in a dark place (in a cloth, in a matting), for some room temperature, for others, in a cool (cellar) place until they hatch, that is, until the seeds have sprouts and roots and you can start sowing. Then the growing period is reduced and you will get the harvest faster. This applies to crops in a greenhouse and in the same way to crops in the ground.

Sprouts of cucumbers, radishes, turnips, radishes should appear on the 7th day after the start of germination; in most other crops on the 10th - 14th day; and for asparagus at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius - only on the 21st day. Germination of seeds of pumpkin, cucumber, peas, tomatoes, beets, sunflowers, corn, beans, garlic cloves and their subsequent disinfection is commonplace. Then they need to be sown and planted.
Spring is noticeable when the melt water runs around. The flood will subside and the earth will begin to dry out. The days of the gardener are coming. Don't miss out!

With the arrival of warmth, emphasis is placed on open ground. In April and May, even at the beginning of summer, people keep planting and sowing something. So let's see when else you need to plant vegetables. Where to start? Since the echoes of winter have not yet gone away, let's start with the most frost-resistant ones.

Radishes are sown in the ground first. Now this is perhaps the most common and most beloved spring vegetable, ready for the table in less than a month. Cold-resistant, but moisture-loving. Its time is when the soil is just ripe for cultivation. In many areas, its sowing period is the end of April - May. But we have places in the country where snow will fall at the beginning of May, by May 15th the heat will be 30 degrees, and at the beginning of June it will be only 8 - 10 degrees Celsius. Here, gardeners can choose for themselves when and what to plant.

Northern turnip is not afraid of cold weather. Its seeds germinate at a temperature of 1-2 degrees Celsius. And the seedlings tolerate frosts. During the warm period, turnips can be sown twice, at the end of April - beginning of May and at the end of June - beginning of July.

You can also sow dill twice. And when you start rolling up jars in the fall, the second harvest of dill will come in handy.

Rhubarb, although not very common, is unpretentious, frost-resistant, and loves sunny places. It grows in one place for 10 - 15 years, and reproduces mainly by dividing the bush.

Let's take first garlic. With garlic, you need to keep in mind that there is spring garlic and winter garlic. Spring garlic is annual and is planted in places where the winter is harsh and there is little snow. There winter garlic can't stand it and freezes. Spring garlic is planted in early spring, since in the earliest period it needs low temperatures. Don’t forget that planting times largely depend on your place of residence. Plant the outer cloves of spring garlic after soaking them in water for 2-3 hours and germinating them in a cool, dark and humid place.

Another thing is winter garlic, which is also divided into non-shooting winter garlic and bolting winter garlic. In non-shooting varieties, the outer cloves are used for planting. Shooting varieties have cloves and bulbs for planting. Please note that planting of all winter varieties of garlic is done not in the spring, but in September-October, so that the cloves and bulbs can take root before the cold snaps. And for your information, the embedment depth for non-shooters is -6 cm, for shooters - 8 cm. Between plants 10cm, row spacing 25-30cm.

Now the bow. Not everything is simple with onions either.

Onion It is characterized by high winter hardiness and early regrowth immediately after the snow melts. Seeds are sown in the second half of July; if by dividing the bush, then it is better to do it a month later.

Multi-tiered onion grows in one place for 5-7 years. The most precocious. It is propagated by root and aerial bulbs. They are planted in August - September so that they can take root before the cold weather.
Leek - 2-year-old, cold-resistant, light-loving. Seeds are stored for 3 years. It is good to sow its seeds between the rows of carrots for compaction.

Bulb onions, its varieties are well known to everyone. It is undemanding to heat; seedlings tolerate frosts down to 1-5 degrees below zero. In the first year it can be grown from seeds. But they are usually grown from sets. The seedlings need to be well prepared: for this they are heated for 2 weeks, then disinfected, at least in a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate, and planted at the end of April - in May.

It's time to sow carrots. Not many gardeners do it in late autumn. Carrots are usually sown early. The seeds are sorted in water, as already mentioned above, then placed for a day or two between damp rags, disinfected, again at least with a solution of potassium permanganate, allowed to dry and mixed with 5 parts of sand to ensure uniform sowing. If you make wide row spacings of 20 cm, then watercress or leeks are sown for compaction.

Sowing follows parsley, spinach, coriander (cilantro), parsnips, peas. Peas germinate at 1-2 degrees Celsius and can withstand frost. Parsley is the most demanding of soil. Its seeds must be germinated before sowing. Sowing is similar to sowing carrots. Parsnip seeds germinate at a temperature of 5-6 degrees Celsius, but better warmth plus 16--18 degrees. Shoots appear in the 3rd week after sowing.

Now cabbage. Kohlrabi, we have already mentioned it, is unpretentious, takes up little space, ripens early, and is suitable as a spring or early summer vegetable for salad.

Cauliflower cold-resistant, temperatures of 2-3 degrees Celsius are tolerated normally and can be planted in early May.

Brussels sprouts are resistant to low temperatures, grows at 5-8 degrees of heat, and 8-12-15 degrees of heat are more favorable for it.

And our main cabbage is white cabbage. Its seedlings are sold early, and it begins to grow at 5-6 degrees Celsius, and considers 15-16 degrees favorable.

When should I sow beets? So let's do the math. Beetroot has balls for planting. Each glomerulus then produces 2-3 plants, which is why thickened seedlings are obtained. Well, this doesn’t bother us, then we can thin them out and the plants will go into cabbage soup, or we can try planting them in damp weather. But the balls for planting are soaked for about a day, disinfected and slightly dried and immediately sown in a sunny area. At a soil temperature of 5 degrees Celsius, seedlings will appear in 3 weeks. If the soil warms up to 15 degrees Celsius, then the plants will appear on the 5th - 6th day. The calculation is that the warmer the soil, the faster the seedlings will appear. It turns out that beets need to be sown later than carrots.

Potatoes behave in much the same way. If you want to grow early potatoes, do not think that they are called early because they need to be planted as early as possible. It is early because the earliest ripening potato varieties can grow tubers in 50 - 60 days, and the latest ripening varieties in 100 - 120 days. You can’t plant potatoes too early, but you also shouldn’t delay it, because the yield will be reduced. We choose a time when there is no longer frost, so that the seedlings do not freeze and the temperature is such that the plants quickly grow. It is believed that the norm for potatoes is when the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 6-8 degrees. But it depends on what soil you grow potatoes in. You don’t have to bury it so deeply, especially early potatoes. Higher up the soil is better warmed up and then you can plant at + 3 - +5 degrees.

The month of May is May. When temperatures go to +13 - +14 and there are definitely no frosts and in order not to lose moisture, we will continue planting heat-demanding crops without delay. Someone wants to have corn, sunflowers, beans and beans in their garden. For these sun lovers, it is better to germinate the seeds. The sunflower could have been sown earlier. It is drought-resistant and does not do well in damp and cold climates. Corn also loves the sun, but this plant short day, so in the conditions of our long days it is not always possible. Beans and broad beans do not tolerate frost.

The most light-loving and heat-loving ones remain and are very beloved by us. We plant cucumbers, pumpkins, squash, and zucchini with sprouted seeds. Cucumbers and pumpkins bear fruit better when planted with seeds 2-3 years old. Those who have greenhouses can transplant cucumber and pumpkin seedlings into the ground or leave the cucumbers in the greenhouse. For cucumbers, the temperature should be at least 15 degrees Celsius. Pumpkin tolerates it better cold weather than cucumbers (cold - not frozen). The last to be planted are tomato, pepper and eggplant seedlings. Tomatoes, that is, tomatoes, like drier air, and cucumbers like moister air.

Heat- and light-demanding crops are fastidious plants, and we know well that growing them can be very difficult or even impossible in our place, even with all our desire. There are places where onions grow well, in others cabbage grows well, in some places pumpkin grows well, in others tomatoes and peppers grow well. Plant what grows well in your garden and you will know when to plant vegetables and will be satisfied.

Have a rich harvest!

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Already in February, summer residents begin to prepare for the new season, buy seeds, plant seedlings of vegetables and flowers under the film in order to fully welcome spring and begin planting work during. It is easy to calculate the time for sowing seeds if we know how long it takes for seedlings to reach maturity. The answer to the question of when to plant seedlings will also depend on the presence of a greenhouse on the site, because most crops are first planted in protected soil and then in open soil.

When to plant seedlings: basic rules

1. Seedlings are planted in the greenhouse until approximately May 10, and after a month they can be transplanted to permanent beds. In some areas, there are frosts on the soil even in early June.

2. After sowing, the seeds will take from 3 to 15 days to germinate, depending on the crop. Keep in mind that before planting in the beds, the seedlings must reach a certain age of maturity, because very young shoots may die.

In addition, seedlings must be given 2-3 days to take root in a new place.

3. How to calculate the time of planting seeds for seedlings? Let's take celery as an example. Celery can be planted in the garden around May 25th. From this date you need to subtract the age of the plant sufficient for planting (70-80 days), then subtract 15 days for germination and 3-5 days for adaptation. Thus, from May 25 you need to count back at least 95 days. This means that you need to sow celery seedlings on February 25th.

4. On the seed packaging, the manufacturer always indicates the growing season of the crop from sowing to fruiting. If you want to harvest the first fruits by a specific date, then subtract the growing season from the expected day of harvest. This will be the date when you need to sow the seeds for seedlings.

5. The total growing season of early tomatoes is about 100 days. It is better to transplant tomato seedlings into the garden bed when they are at least 45-50 days old. It takes about a week from planting to seed germination. Let's try to calculate when to plant tomato seedlings.

Seedlings are planted in the greenhouse by June 1. It turns out that in order to harvest tomatoes by July 20, we calculate the time for planting tomatoes as follows: from July 20 we subtract 100 days of growing season, 7 days for germination and 3-5 days for adaptation. Thus, tomato seeds should be sown no later than April 1-7.

6. As for planting cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini, watermelons and melons, they grow much faster than tomatoes. At the same time, they are very light-loving, but transplanting into the ground is more difficult to tolerate. You can start growing seedlings of these crops in peat pots or cassettes, sowing the seeds no earlier than April 10.

7. If you have a heated greenhouse, then you can afford to plant tomato, pepper and eggplant seeds in late February - early March. However, there is no need to rush into sowing seeds, because overgrown seedlings take root worse in open ground. Keep in mind that seedlings of tomatoes, eggplants and peppers need to be planted in the beds for the May holidays.

8. Dates for planting the most popular seedlings garden plants we provide below.

Celery

Germination – 12-15 days.

Seedling growth – 70-80 days.

Bell pepper

Germination – 12-15 days.

Seedling growth – 70 days.

Early white cabbage

Germination – 5 days.

Seedling growth – 50 days.

Eggplant

Germination – 10 days.

Seedling growth – 50 days.

Tomatoes

Germination – 7-8 days.

Seedling growth – 45-50 days.

cucumbers

Germination – 3-4 days.

Seedling growth – 25-27 days.

Head lettuce

Germination – 4 days.

Seedling growth – up to 40 days.

Mid-season cabbage

Sowing seeds - end of April.

Seedling growth takes about 40 days.

Zucchini, squash, pumpkin

Germination – 4 days.

Seedling growth – 25 days.

Flowers are a real decoration of the yard, which is why flower beds of various colors and shapes can be seen on almost any summer cottage. Growing these crops is no more difficult, and sometimes even easier, than cultivating fruit-bearing plants. But flowers provide an opportunity to get aesthetic pleasure from being in a summer cottage. How to grow them, what are the secrets of rich, lush flower beds? When to plant flowers and seedlings and how to make them grow strong and healthy?

Before you go to the store for seeds to start growing flower seedlings (after all, you really want to see beautiful flower beds), it is necessary to familiarize yourself with those varieties and species that require seedling cultivation. Indeed, in fact, many of the flower plants have time to grow and bloom during the summer simply from seeds sown in the ground.

So, both perennials and annual plants with a long growing season. They can also be planted as seedlings if the owner homestead farming dreams of blooming garden already at the beginning or middle of summer. In general, you can grow absolutely any flowers using seedlings if you want your dacha to look like a flower bed throughout the entire gardening season.

But there are plants that are sown to produce seedlings more often than other crops; in particular these are:

• lobelia;
• gerbera;
• ageratum;
• nasturtium;
• marigold;
• phlox;
• begonia;
• zinnia;
• Snapdragon.

There are also other species and varieties that need to be grown in seedlings. In any case, for this you will need seeds, which can be collected with your own hands at the end of the last season or purchased at gardening stores. And here, too, you should not lose your vigilance: cunning sellers may try to slip you, as an inexperienced summer resident, low-quality material that may not grow at all. To prevent this from happening, carefully examine the seed packages and carefully read the expiration dates.

Snapdragon - seeds

On a note! It is best to buy flower seeds as fresh as possible - this way there is a greater chance that they will have good germination. Unfortunately, over time they lose this quality. Ideally, if the period for selling seeds ends no later than the end current year or the next one.

It is also advisable to make a choice in favor of those seed producers that you know at least something about. It is undesirable to purchase seedling material that is packaged in strange and damaged bags, even if they are offered at a deep discount.

It is also important to evaluate the growing conditions that the flowers you choose need. Familiarize yourself with these conditions and choose the crops that you can provide required quantity sun, shade, moisture, and also make them exactly the flowerbed in which they will be comfortable.

On a note! Lobelias and impatiens take root well in shaded areas. And nasturtiums, marigolds, and phlox are not afraid of short-term drought. A long-blooming flower is petunia, which can delight you every day and for a long time, and therefore is considered the queen of country flower beds.

General sowing rules

Any plant has its own requirements for growing conditions, but there are some general rules, which combine procedures for sowing seeds of any color. Majority experienced gardeners, of course, are familiar with these nuances, but a beginner will be interested to learn about them.

First, you should take care of the equipment that may be needed for a successful procedure. These are all kinds of containers for sowing seeds and planting seedlings. In order not to spend extra money, which, as we know, does not happen, you can take care of the containers in advance and have time to collect a lot of jars of food and drinks. These containers may well make good containers for flowers.

To water the soil with sown seeds, it is better to purchase a spray bottle - it will not wash out the soil or disturb the flower seeds, which are usually very small. Grown seedlings can also be watered with a watering can with a thin spout.

Watering can for flowers “Pumpkin”, 1 l

On a note! Before you sow your seeds, make sure you have labels with the names of the varieties you will be growing.

Preparing seeds, containers and soil for sowing

Before you start sowing seeds, you need to tidy up the container for the soil, the soil itself and prepare the seeds themselves. To begin with, all selected ones need to be holed, that is, drainage system– pierce several holes at the bottom of the containers through which excess moisture will flow out. If you are too lazy to do this, then you can buy ready-made pots for seedlings, of which a huge number are sold in stores. Then all jars and boxes should be thoroughly washed with soap and water, and then with soda solution.

On a note! It would be good if a layer of expanded clay was placed at the bottom of each jar or box as a drainage material.

Soil for seedlings must undergo a disinfection procedure. It can be steamed, calcined or spilled with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. After this, it is important to dry the soil well.

Flower seeds should be prepared for planting - disinfected. They are soaked for 12 hours in weak solution potassium permanganate. This will protect the seed from various diseases. You can also carry out a stratification procedure - it will help speed up the process of the appearance of the first shoots. To do this, the seeds are soaked for 12 hours in clean water, and then the container with them should be put in the refrigerator for the same time. After this they are returned to warm room, and then back into the refrigerator. The procedure is carried out until the seeds begin to germinate.

On a note! This procedure will improve the plants' resistance to low air temperatures.

Since different types of flowers can have different periods of growing season and the beginning of flowering, it follows different time. You can find out when to sow seeds using the instructions, which are printed on each package of seedling material. But the table below will help you roughly navigate the timing.

Table. Time to plant flowers for seedlings.

It often comes to the aid of gardeners when determining when to sow seeds. It indicates favorable days to carry out certain gardening work in accordance with lunar cycles. As you know, the Moon has a significant influence on all living organisms living on earth, including plants. For example, it is recommended to plant all bulbous plants during the waxing moon, but seed plants are planted during the full moon. However, if you plant the seeds on another day, no big disaster will happen. Perhaps the germination rate of the sprouts will be slightly lower, or maybe you won’t even notice that the seedlings feel a little worse. So special attention You don’t have to pay attention to the lunar calendar.

Planting seeds

Now let's get acquainted with step by step instructions for sowing flower seeds. There is nothing complicated here.

Step 1. Let's start with primrose seeds as one of the most commonly grown flower plant. Filling containers prepared for seedlings drainage material and treated soil, lightly tamp. After this, moisten it a little with a spray bottle.

Step 2. Open the bag of seeds and carefully take them on your finger (be careful - they are very small) and carefully, as if salting food, sprinkle them on the soil.

Step 3. We once again moisten the soil together with the seeds a little with water from a spray bottle.

Step 4. Cover the container with a lid or polyethylene. Don’t forget to write the name of the variety or type of flower on the container. Place the container in the refrigerator on the bottom shelf for stratification for 3 weeks.

The quality of the harvest depends not only on the planting material, but also on the growing conditions. It is important to observe the timing of planting potatoes - the right choice affects the results. Every gardener should know exactly when to plant potatoes and how to decide on the timing.

Dependence of the result on planting time

Most people grow potatoes not for subsequent sale, but for personal consumption. winter time. If you need to get the first results closer to mid-summer, it is better to plant the tubers in April. You should focus on the second half of the month. This rule is relevant for the central and southern parts of the country. In other regions, cultivation is unlikely to be possible before May, or in some cases June.

To grow potatoes for later storage, tubers should be planted with an emphasis on the traditional requirements listed above. Planting tubers must reach a condition that allows the harvest to be stored unhindered until next spring. Mass planting is recommended in the second half of May at least. If annual temperatures are lower than usual and spring is late, planting should be done in June. At making the right choice When potatoes are planted, the first shoots will become noticeable after a month, sometimes earlier.

Landing dates at different latitudes

The period when it will be possible to plant potatoes is determined depending on the soil warming parameters. IN different regions it may proceed with differences. The third week of March should be chosen if you plan to plant early potato varieties in Krasnodar region and southern part of Ukraine. Mid-season varieties for this area should be planted in early April.

Further, the heat will reach middle zone. Residents should focus on the third ten days of April Leningrad region and Moscow region. The specified period simultaneously covers the remaining part of Ukraine, as well as Belarus. In the Urals and Siberia, where early cultivation is impossible, potatoes should be planted at least in the first half of May.

Despite standard calendar requirements, deadlines can be delayed or accelerated based on temperature regime in a certain year. It would be a good idea to periodically check the weather forecast several weeks in advance.

Immediately before planting, additional organic-based fertilizers are added to the soil - compost or rotted manure. It is strongly recommended not to use too much big amount fresh organic matter and nitrogen fertilizers. This will lead to a decrease in yield and accumulation chemical substances in root vegetables.

When to plant potatoes

Define deadline There are two ways to plant potatoes - depending on the planting material used or according to the recommendations of the lunar calendar.

Depending on the variety

Experts distinguish five categories of potato varieties depending on the ripening period:

• early variety;
• mid-early;
• mid-season;
• mid-late;
• late variety.

If the soil temperature at a depth of 8 centimeters is 6 degrees or more, you can start planting early potatoes. If harvest time is limited, sprouted tubers can be planted in a greenhouse or under a film cover. At the place where potatoes are planted, the snow is completely removed in the second half of March, then the soil is sprinkled with peat and protected with a film that allows the soil to warm up.

The ripening period of mid-early potato varieties varies from 65 to 80 days. Optimal date The start of disembarkation is May. It is important to pay attention to the fact that early and mid-early varieties are characterized by the presence of an increased concentration of starch, which negatively affects taste qualities.

The mid-season variety is planted at the end of May, and the deadline for planting is the first half of June.

The best option– use sandy and medium, light loamy soil. On acidic soil planting material most exposed to diseases and harmful microorganisms. To increase the yield, you need to choose soil enriched with a lot of nutrients.

The preparation of the beds should be carried out in the fall, a few weeks after the completion of the harvest. Before digging up the garden, it must be filled with fertilizers - ammonium nitrate and granulated superphosphate.

According to the lunar calendar

Using the lunar calendar, you can determine favorable days for planting crops and until what date to plant potatoes. The calendar is compiled separately for each year, so it is important to keep up to date with the information.

The lunar calendar contains both favorable and unfavorable dates. This does not mean that the farmer is obliged to blindly trust what is written by experts. Otherwise, the harvest may be of poor quality or may not ripen in sufficient quantities.

It is important to rely not only on dates, but also on current weather conditions in a particular region. There must be a balance between expert forecasts and real weather data.