Indoor flower euonymus. Euonymus at home. Japanese euonymus. Outdoor care

Euonymus – unusual plant with great species diversity. It is very popular due to its decorative original appearance: it attracts gardeners with beautifully colored foliage and equally unusual flowers. Only one variety can survive at home - Japanese. Further on the peculiarities of planting and caring for this variety of euonymus.

Japanese species: description and main varieties

Under natural conditions, Japanese euonymus can often be found mainly near mixed or deciduous forests of Korea, China and Japan. The plant is an ornamental evergreen shrub or tree that can reach 4-8 m in height.

The flowers are collected in umbrella inflorescences of 30 pieces. The color combination is dominated by yellow and green. Flowering usually begins with the arrival of autumn and ends by mid-October.

The leaves of the bush are quite dense, leathery, have a pointed shape and a beautiful dark green color with a light border. The branches grow in a rapidly vertical direction (at a slight angle of deviation from the trunk).

Unusual leaves of Japanese euonymus

Japanese euonymus calmly tolerates deficiency sunlight, accordingly, will grow well in the shade and is not afraid of urban conditions (gas pollution and other “tests”). By the way, it is able to purify the air of germs by 50%.

Attention! Euonymus is a unique plant: it needs high-quality, and, most importantly, regular care, because if you neglect it, it will simply stop in its development. An increase in growth will occur only in early spring.

Japanese euonymus is represented by several varieties, the most popular among them are the following (introductory photos are attached):

• Pseudolaurus. In Russia it is grown exclusively as home plant. The variety is considered quite sensitive to temperature changes: at temperatures below +5 degrees the plant will die.
• Dwarf. This evergreen shrub reaches no more than 1 m in height. Their edges are pointed, the color of the outer side is bright green, the bottom is bluish.

Dwarf

• Microphyllus. Variegated variety. Reaches a height of no more than 0.5 m. The leaves are painted in two colors: yellow and green. The flowers have a delicate white hue. After the end of the flowering period, very beautiful seed pods are formed on the plant.

Planting a plant

Euonymus is not particularly demanding on the composition of the soil, so a classic mixture of peat, turf, leaf soil and humus is quite suitable for planting it (the ratio of all components should be the same, only the turf is 2 times larger than the rest).

Disembarkation young tree carried out exclusively in moist soil. At first, it is advisable to provide young, high-quality bottom heating for the bush. It is also important to support optimal humidity soil and periodically spray the leaves.

Advice. Keep in mind that euonymus takes quite a long time to take root, and when growing not only seed method, but also when cutting or dividing the rhizome. It is enough just to provide the plant with the necessary components (moisture, fertilizing, etc.) and it will definitely respond with active growth.

Subtleties of care

As mentioned earlier, euonymus needs constant and high-quality care, which will allow it to achieve luxurious flowering. So, caring for euonymus is represented by a set of the following procedures:

• Temperature and light conditions. Euonymus does not need long and bright lighting: a little shade will be enough for it. But this does not apply to varieties with brightly colored leaves. Such plants should be provided with sufficient light. Optimal temperature regime– about +25 degrees in summer and not lower than +12 degrees in winter. If the temperature regime is not observed, the euonymus will die.
• Humidity level. The plant does not particularly need moisture, but periodically it is advisable to clean its leaves under the shower. The water should be warm or room temperature.

• Watering. It is necessary to water the tree frequently, but moderately. Remember a simple rule: the soil should not dry out completely in the time between waterings. IN autumn period the amount of watering must be reduced, and in winter - kept to a minimum. To moisten the soil, use only settled water.
• Feeding. In the spring-summer period, it is necessary to feed the euonymus with high-quality complex fertilizers(For deciduous plants) with a frequency of about 1-2 times a month.
• Pruning and replanting. It is advisable to replant the euonymus annually or as needed (usually once every 2-3 years). The soil for replanting must be light and very nutritious. In spring, the plant should be pruned: usually the shape of the top is adjusted. In this way, you can create a shrub of incredible shapes.
• Disease and pest control. Euonymus rarely gets sick, so any changes in its appearance often indicate non-compliance with growing conditions ornamental shrub(frequent watering, lack of light or excess light, etc.).

These are all the subtleties that you need to know about growing Japanese euonymus at home so that your efforts bear fruit. Good luck!

The genus Euonymus includes almost 200 shrubs and small trees with an evergreen or deciduous crown. Their homeland is China, Korea and Japan. Now euonymus is very common in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones of all continents.

In our country, scientists count up to 20 species of this plant. It is especially common on the Black Sea coast, where it is called pseudolaurus for its resemblance to a spicy bush.

Description

In the wild In nature, this shrub can grow up to 4 m, indoor species do not exceed 1-1.5 m. The dense crown is formed from small (6-8 cm), smooth, oblong leaves with small jagged edges. The shade can be different: light green, white, yellow. Deciduous species change the color of their foliage depending on the time of year: in the spring these will be leaves of a lush green color, which will become a little darker in the summer, but in autumn they will be decorated with more varied colors - from bright yellow to lilac.

Euonymus blooms in autumn in inconspicuous inflorescences of 10-30 flowers each. After this, boxes of variegated colors are formed, in which the fruits are located. In the wild, they are a real treat for birds. They are the ones who spread shrub seeds along river banks and forests.

Many euonymuses are gutta-perchenos. Most of this substance is found in the bark of this plant. Gutta is an indispensable substance for the production of high-quality insulating materials. Cinnamon oil is extracted from the seeds, and the wood from the bush is often used in shoe making.

Important! Euonymus is considered a poisonous plant species.

Types of euonymus

For the most part, euonymus is cultivated in open areas. At proper care from this unpretentious plant you can form an exquisite one.

Indoor euonymus plants are usually evergreen; deciduous species have not taken root very well among gardeners. The exception is bonsai tree lovers.

Interesting! IN eastern countries Euonymus are very popular; they are grown as miniature living compositions with a variegated crown.

There are two types of this evergreen shrub found on window sills:

• Japanese euonymus;
• euonymus rooting.

They are considered to be the most unpretentious and stable.

Euonymus japonicus (Japanese euonymus), variety Goldbolwi Exstase

Japanese euonymus among flower growers he won the title of the most picky of his kind. Most of the photos in this article are of Japanese euonymus.

This evergreen shrub forms a crown of shoots with glossy leathery leaves of a rich green color. Their shape is oval, slightly oblong, with characteristic teeth along the edge. The flowers are small, collected in umbels, and have a faint color. The fruit boxes are bright pink and Orange color, which pleases the eye in winter.

Particularly popular are species with brightly colored leaves.

Euonymus japonicus, Paloma blanca variety

Euonymus japonicus ‘Assorted’

In its native environment it can reach a height of 3 meters, in pots - up to a maximum of a meter.

The natural habitat of Japanese euonymus is China, Japan, Central Asia and the Eastern Himalayas.

Flower euonymus rooting also called Fortune. This is a persistent, unpretentious, creeping plant with shiny green leaves of an elongated shape. Often it is used to form an ampel-shaped shrub.

Among flower growers and design masters, species with variegated foliage are especially popular.

Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’

In addition, deciduous species are used in winter gardens. Among them, it stands out for its special decorativeness in the autumn period. European look. The Italians call this frost-resistant shrub “priest’s cap” for the shape and color of the seed pod. Its characteristic feature is also its oval leaves with serrated edges.

The special ribbing of the bark gave the name to another representative of the euonymus family; it is this plant that designers often use to decorate terraces. Euonymus winged It is a deciduous species, has lanceolate green leaves that turn red in autumn. The seed pods are purple in color.

Compact winged euonymus (Euonymus alatus ‘COMPACTUS’)

Broadleaf euonymus Our flower growers also liked it. Despite the fact that it is a deciduous species, its wide, egg-shaped leaves will delight you with lush greenery in the summer, and early winter They will warm the eye with their variegated colors. Pink seed pods also look impressive.

Reproduction

At home, there are two types of reproduction:

• seeds;
• cuttings.

When growing shrubs from seeds, they must first be collected correctly. They are usually removed along with the seed pods in late autumn or early winter.

After ripening, the boxes burst and the seeds spill out on their own. Next, they need to be examined: only high-quality grains will be able to germinate and produce a healthy plant. After drying, the seeds should be hardened for 3-4 months in the refrigerator at a temperature close to zero. Before this, it is advisable to place them in moistened sand.

After the skin on the seeds bursts, they must be kept for 24 hours. weak solution potassium permanganate and only then sown in a pre-prepared soil mixture. Its composition is simple:

• 2 parts humus;
• 1 part turf;
• 4 parts leaf soil;
• 1 part sand.

Mix all ingredients well. Sow the seeds to a depth of no more than 2 cm, cover with a layer of prepared soil. Moisten with a spray bottle and cover the container with film.

If the temperature is maintained at 22-25 degrees Celsius, sprouts will appear within two months.

After another 4-6 weeks, the seedlings are picked and grown in individual pots.

Important! This method of reproduction is quite labor-intensive and does not always give a positive result.

Cuttings allow you to achieve better results. Cuttings are cut from the tops of the plant in August-September and rooted in a mixture of sand and peat in equal quantities at moderate temperatures.

By spring, the cuttings will have their own strong roots and will be painlessly transplanted into a separate container.

Euonymus japonicus ‘Silver King’

Planting and caring for euonymus

Before planting, you should prepare a high-quality soil mixture for euonymus, where the plant will feel most comfortable.

For all types of data indoor shrubs A slightly alkaline soil with a good nutritional base is required. At the same time, it should be quite loose. A mixture of turf, humus and sand would be ideal.

Cunning! For bonsai it is worth adding loam, it will provide better adhesion of the roots to the earthen ball.

After this, care consists of:

• regular watering;
• complex feeding a couple of times a month, except in winter;
• moisturizing the crown, especially during hot periods;
• pruning diseased and weak branches;
• pinching excess shoots;
• regular transplantation.

Important! Choose a place for the euonymus near a western or eastern window. Protect it from direct sunlight.

Use in design

Indoor types of evergreen euonymus are often used in the design of living rooms, hallways, and bedrooms. This plant looks spectacular in the photo winter garden both in composition and in single version.

Japanese euonymus Paloma blanca as a border.

Variegated Euonymus looks great next to stones.

The variegated foliage of some species is especially pleasing to the eye in late autumn, when the deciduous plants have already shed their crowns, and the evergreens are a little fed up. The bright color of the seed pods is attractive in winter.

In addition, euonymus cleanses and improves the health of indoor air.

More details in the video

Detailed material about indoor euonymus - in the video blog “Visiting Elena”

Euonymus (Euonymus) are shrubs or low trees of the Euonymus family, classified as deciduous or evergreen. They can grow on all continents in the tropics, subtropics or temperate latitudes. In the natural environment they reach a maximum height of up to 4 meters.

The foliage is small, oval green or variegated in color (there are spots and stripes of light and yellow shades on the leaf blades). It blooms with dim small flowers collected in inflorescences. The color of the flowers ranges from pale green to yellowish. The fruits are capsules containing white, black or red seeds covered with a leathery shell.

When, closer to autumn, the fruits ripen, they can acquire a color from pink to burgundy or crimson, which makes the shrub especially decorative. When the fruits are fully ripe, they burst and look like open umbrellas or parachutes.

At home, plants are grown in open street soil. Only two types of this shrub are suitable for indoor cultivation - the Japanese euonymus and the rooting one.

Almost all types of plants are poisonous, the fruits are extremely inedible, and such types of euonymus as warty and European euonymus contain latex-like gutta-percha juice in their roots and stems.

This plant also has practical value in medicine. Due to the poisonous content, seeds, bark, resin and leaves are used. Their extract has extensive antimicrobial, diuretic, anthelmintic and laxative effects, and is used in the manufacture of many antiseptics.

Location and lighting

Most types of euonymus are unpretentious to lighting conditions. They can grow equally successfully both in highly lit places and on the shady side. Variegated varieties are especially photophilous.

Temperature

Euonymus does not tolerate intense heat and dry summers. The most comfortable temperature for him is +18-20 degrees. If the summer temperature at the planting site is above normal, then it is better to plant it in partial shade. A comfortable winter temperature is not lower than -6 degrees, otherwise it will shed its leaves.

Air humidity

Because of its leathery leaves, euonymus retains moisture well and can be kept in dry climates of apartments or in latitudes with low humidity. The plant can be watered and “bathed” along with the leaves.

Watering

In the summer, euonymus loves to drink plenty of water, but you just need to make sure that the water does not stagnate at the roots and does not form puddles. In autumn, watering should be reduced, and during frosty winters it is better to avoid it altogether.

Feeding and fertilizers

In terms of feeding, this plant will need complex mineral fertilizers applied once a month. It is better to feed the plant from March to September.

Trimming

Like any cultivated shrub, euonymus should be pruned to maintain and regulate growth rates. The procedure is carried out in the spring, young shoots are cut to form a lush crown. In the fall, you can prune dried branches.

By pruning euonymus, you can form a decorative crown pattern in the form of balls, cones, or create small bonsai trees from low-growing species, due to the fact that the branches and trunk are very elastic. Timely and regular trimming of the bush promotes the good formation of new useful branches in the crown.

Transfer

Young euonymus needs to be replanted annually. Older plants - once every three years. Drainage is placed at the bottom of the container in which the plant will later be planted, and a nutrient mixture is prepared from turf, soil, humus and sand in a ratio of 2:1:1:1 parts.

The plant can be propagated by layering, cuttings, seeds and dividing the bush.

When propagating from seeds, the seeds are germinated in not very ventilated areas at room temperature for 3-4 months. After the seed capsule bursts, they are cleaned and kept in a light solution of potassium permanganate, which gets rid of possible bacteria and disinfects. Seeds should be germinated in warm sand or moist peat. They should be sown in soil mixed with sand, fertilized with peat, to a depth of about 2 cm. The first shoots appear after 3 weeks.

When propagating from cuttings, the cutting is cut and planted in a pot with nutritious soil, covered with film. The roots form in about two months, then the plants are planted, one rooted cutting per pot.

Euonymus bears fruit in 4-5 years, from this moment the plant is considered an adult.

Diseases and pests

If the euonymus sheds its leaves at once, it means that the temperature or humidity conditions are not suitable for it. If it only drops leaves from the lower layer of branches, then it is worth reducing watering the plant; perhaps the soil is too waterlogged.

If the foliage becomes dull or dry, the lighting is too bright.

When scale insects appear, growths form in the form of dry plaques on the leaves and bark. They are able to suck the sap of the plant and dry it out. You can fight it with an Actellik solution, spraying the plant once a week. Do the procedure three times.

Spider mites manifest themselves in the form of entwining branches thin layer cobwebs. In this case, the foliage may completely fall off. It is easy to combat it if you “bathe” the plant under a warm shower and wipe it with a sponge and foamed laundry soap.

Flat plier. The foliage suffers first, it becomes deformed, and white dots form on its surface. Remove damaged leaves and spray the plant with insecticide.

Euonymus - growing in an apartment (video)

Euonymus is a low, graceful tree widely used in landscape design. It owes its popularity among gardeners to its stunning variety of bright colors. Dimensions do not allow most varieties of euonymus to be grown at home. modern apartments, but some varieties are an exception, quite suitable for indoor floriculture, and besides, planting and care are quite within the capabilities of an amateur. Compact breeding hybrids were developed on their basis.

Appearance and other characteristic features of euonymus

Euonymus (Euonymus), also known as “pseudo-laurel”, is a genus of short, evergreen and leafless trees belonging to the Euonymus family (Celastraceae). On this moment About 220 of its representatives are known, found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The first scientifically described euonymus was discovered in Spain. Selected varieties grow in Australia and South America.

The official name of the plant is translated from Greek roughly as “a tree with a glorious (or good) name.” "Euonymus" is one of the many nicknames by which it is known in Slavic languages. Some of them are quite unattractive - “witch’s earrings”, “wolf’s bast”, “privet”, “blind hen”. This is probably due to the fact that the juice and seeds of the euonymus are poisonous. Eating the latter may well cause death. The substances they contain negatively affect the performance of the heart.

They talk about the origin of the euonymus a beautiful legend. According to her, the tree was created by an evil witch who wanted to punish people who, in her opinion, deserved it. At the last moment, the sorceress relented, leaving the possibility of using the plant as a medicine. And she herself became a robin, to which eating the fruits of the euonymus does not bring any harm. Since then, this bird has been spreading euonymus around the world, dropping its seeds to the ground.

In nature, euonymus grows up to 3–10 m in height. At home, mainly evergreen varieties are cultivated, not exceeding 1–1.5 m. Creeping and creeping species are also very popular. Any euonymus lives for about 60 years, so it will please the gardener for a long time.

Euonymus blooms and bears fruit “in captivity” extremely rarely. Besides, it's not the most attractive sight. Natural varieties have small greenish-yellow or whitish flowers collected in inflorescences in the form of a brush or umbrella of 10–15 pieces. They are almost invisible on the tree. The flowers of selection hybrids - snow-white, pinkish, purple - are more noticeable. In nature, flowering occurs in the summer; at home, it can begin even in early spring.

Euonymus fruits look very decorative. They are often even mistaken for flowers. These four-leaf, leathery “boxes” with spines or wings change color to bright scarlet, crimson or purple when fully ripe.

The main decorative value of the plant lies in the leaves, which are about 7 cm long. They are smooth, rather dense, and ovoid in shape. The color is very beautiful - soft light green, there are types with yellowish, cream or almost white inclusions. The edge is cut with small teeth. The leaves are located oppositely on smooth or tetrahedral shoots covered with small growths.

Varieties grown at home

Of the “natural” euonymuses, the ones that have most successfully adapted to home conditions are:

• Japanese (japonica). A small, intensively branching shrub, no more than 0.5–0.7 m high, densely covered with leaves. They are narrower than those of most euonymuses, shaped like a lancet or an elongated oval. The color of the leaf blade is rich green, sometimes with a lighter border or area along the central vein. The flowers are small, no more than 1 cm in diameter. The fruits are pinkish or pale orange boxes. It is demanding on soil nutrition and requires regular fertilizing. Moderate watering is important. The tree is sensitive to sudden changes in temperature and has difficulty recovering from pest attacks. In extreme heat it drops its leaves.
• Rooting (radicans) or Fortune (fortunei). Low (1–1.2 m), creeping evergreen with long shoots. It branches rather weakly, but the existing shoots are tightly covered with leaves. They are small (4–5 cm long), smooth and shiny. The general background is yellow or yellow-white, with a green tint. At home you can grow in hanging planters. The fruits are bright pink, the seeds are dark orange.
• Dwarf (compactus). Height - no more than 1 m. Leaves are small, up to 4 cm long, leathery. The tip of the leaf sharply sharpens, the edges bend slightly downwards. The color of the leaf blade is light green, with a slight yellowish tint. The leaves below are bluish-green or olive. The trunk is practically absent, the shoots are thin. Suitable for bonsai shaping. Unlike other varieties, it is more shade-loving and demanding of watering, and more often suffers from pests. Does not tolerate heat well.
• Winged (alatus). Deciduous shrub approximately 1.5–2 m high. It grows quite slowly. The ribs on the shoots look like wings, hence the name. The dark green leaves turn into bright scarlet and crimson in the fall. The fruits are deep purple. The plant is light-loving. It will survive in the shade, but will lose color saturation.

Photo gallery: euonymus found in nature

Japanese euonymus is very sensitive to excessively high temperatures. Rooting euonymus is the basis for most experiments by breeders. Dwarf euonymus is, for some reason, especially highlighted by pests. Winged euonymus is rare at home due to its size, but its growth can be restrained by regular pruning.

Video: Japanese euonymus

Selective hybrids are mainly bred on the basis of Fortune's euonymus. Their leaves are usually variegated.

• Evergreen creeping shrub. It grows quite slowly. Height - about 0.5 m, width - 0.8–1 m. In autumn, the leaves turn red.
• Ground cover plant. In the absence of pruning, it is more suitable for greenhouses and winter gardens than for home use. Height - 0.5 m, width - 1.5 m. Leaves are about 5 cm long. In autumn, a reddish or chocolate undertone appears.
• Low (0.6–0.8 m) shrub. In the center of the dark green leaf there is a large sunny yellow spot. Very picky about the presence of natural color. In the shade, the variegated coloring of the leaves quickly disappears.
• An intensively branching shrub about 0.8 m high. In winter, a slight pink tint may appear.
• Variegatus (Gracilis). Creeping shrub no more than 30 cm high, rapidly growing in width up to 0.8–1 m.
• An evergreen shrub that grows quickly to the sides, no more than 15–20 cm high. It suffers little from cold weather. The plant is very shade tolerant.
• A compact bush with a height and width of about 30–40 cm. It suffers greatly from cold weather and sharp changes temperatures
• The smallest hybrid. The leaf length is no more than 1 cm. The plant itself is no more than 5–10 cm high.

Photo gallery: breeding hybrids

The Emerald Gaiety hybrid has round, bright green leaves with a white border. Emerald Gold Euonymus has variegated leaves, green with bright yellow stripes and spots along the edges. The bright yellow spot in the center of the leaf gives the hybrid the name Sunspot. In young plants varieties Silver Queen leaves are pale yellow, then they change color to silver-green The leaves of the euonymus Variegatus are bright green, with a yellowish-white or creamy center The Vegetus hybrid has dark green leaves, the veins are highlighted in white. The Sheridan Gold euonymus has lemon-yellow leaves, then acquire a lime tint. The Minimus variety in a pot forms something similar to “pads” or a continuous carpet

Optimal microclimate for the plant

Euonymus is relatively unpretentious. It will survive in different conditions. But in order for the plant to look its best, it is advisable to listen to its “requirements” and create a microclimate close to the optimal one.

Table: how to create suitable conditions for euonymus

Euonymuses are mostly shade-tolerant, but not shade-loving. A compact, even crown of the bush is formed only in bright light or at least in light partial shade.

How to transplant euonymus correctly?

Young euonymuses are replanted annually, adults - once every 2-3 years or even less often. It depends on the growth rate and how old the soil is in the pot. The procedure is carried out in early spring. For large specimens grown in tubs, which cannot be replanted purely physically, the top 5–7 cm of soil is removed and replaced with fresh substrate.

The size of the pot is selected so that it is 3–5 cm larger in diameter than the previous one. For slow-growing varieties, the old pot is suitable if it is sterilized and the soil is completely changed. To limit the growth of euonymus, especially in height, a container almost identical in diameter to the previous one, rather flat than deep, is suitable.

Euonymus needs slightly alkaline soil, so add dolomite flour or crushed chalk (5 g per 10 l).

Dolomite flour is a useful additive for neutralizing excessive soil acidity

The soil should be light, nutritious, air and water permeable:

Euonymus transplant:

1. Place expanded clay or other clay at the bottom of the pot. drainage material layer about 1–1.5 cm.
2. Fill about a third of the container with fresh substrate. Water the soil thoroughly. When the water is absorbed, make a depression in it.
3. Remove the plant from the pot, keeping the soil ball intact if possible. You can make the process easier by watering the plant well about half an hour before.
4. Transfer the flower to new pot. Fill the voids around the edges with soil. Gently compact the soil and water the flower well again.

Since the euonymus is quite unpretentious, in special care After the transplant he does not need it. The flower can be immediately returned to old place. A plant purchased in a store is replanted as quickly as possible - the heavy universal substrate does not allow water to pass through well, provoking the development of rot.

Video: how to transplant euonymus

Important nuances of plant care

Caring for euonymus is simple. Even a novice florist can handle it.

Watering

Euonymus is not a very moisture-loving plant; moderate watering is sufficient. Naturally, in hot weather the flower needs to be watered more often than in cloudy weather. Do not let the soil dry out completely. You can check this with a wooden stick stuck into the ground. Usually it is enough to water the plant a little once every 3-4 days.

The flower, like almost all indoor plants, responds gratefully to spraying. A weekly warm shower is also helpful. In addition to the fact that it washes away dust, it is an effective prevention against many pests.

Spray the flower only with soft, clean water. Otherwise, unsightly whitish spots will appear on the leaves. It is advisable to use the same water, heated to room temperature, for irrigation.

Euonymus tolerates drought much better than waterlogged soil. Regular heavy watering is one of the few reliable ways to kill a plant.

Fertilizer application

The plant does not need abundant feeding. If the soil is selected correctly, it is quite enough to water it once a month from March to October with a solution of complex mineral fertilizer for decorative leafy indoor plants.

Euonymus can be fed with complex mineral and organic fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers can also be applied. An infusion of fresh cow manure or bird droppings, nettle greens, and dandelion leaves is quite suitable. Rest period

The most important thing is to keep the euonymus cool enough from mid-autumn to the end of winter so that it does not lose its leaves. Place the flower on a glassed-in loggia, in an unheated greenhouse. At this time, the plant is watered more moderately than usual (once every 6–8 days), and feeding is stopped completely. The requirements for the lighting regime do not change. Since the sun is less active in winter, you can move the pot closer to south-facing windows.

Trimming

Initially, euonymus is a shrub or even a small tree. Therefore, it needs at least regular sanitary pruning. All weak, dried out shoots damaged by diseases and pests are removed from the plant. This stimulates the formation of new branches and more intensive branching.

It is also possible decorative pruning. The crown of the euonymus can be shaped like a ball, a pyramid, a cone, or even create something more original, reminiscent garden sculptures. For greater lushness and bushiness, it is enough to simply pinch the shoots at the top 2-3 buds each in the spring.

Since euonymus sap is poisonous, any pruning should be done only with rubber gloves. To minimize damage to the plant, use only sharp, disinfected tools.

Video: how to care for a plant

How does a flower react to the grower’s mistakes?

The main decorative value of euonymus is its leaves. They are the reliable “indicator” of the plant’s condition. The plant reacts to any errors in care by deteriorating its appearance.

Table: how errors in caring for euonymus manifest themselves

Common diseases and pests

Euonymus is quite resistant to most fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. The exception is rot. But it is often attacked by sucking insects, which are attracted to dense, succulent leaves. But there are simple ones preventive measures, compliance with which minimizes the risk of infection:

• Place newly purchased indoor plants in quarantine for at least 10–12 days.
• Avoid crowding of flowers on the windowsill and place bouquets (especially roses and chrysanthemums as far away from them as possible).
• Regular inspection (preferably with a magnifying glass) for characteristic signs and damage.
• Immediate isolation of flowers at the slightest suspicion of infection, disinfection of the corresponding area of ​​the window sill.
• Minimizing damage during pruning, replanting, immediate processing of all cuts
• Using only clean, sharp tools, sterile soil and pots.
• Maintaining air humidity at a level comfortable for the flower, regular ventilation premises.
• Weekly warm shower.
• Proper care, especially watering.

Table: what diseases or pests does euonymus suffer from?

What diseases and pests will a gardener growing euonymus have to fight - photo

Methods for propagating euonymus

Rooting cuttings

Rooting cuttings is the most common method of vegetative propagation of euonymus. You can also divide it during transplantation big bush 2–3 smaller or transplant the “offshoots” that appear at the roots into separate containers. Best time for rooting cuttings - late spring or early summer.

1. Cut a few healthy, young, non-woody shoots from the plant. Cut cuttings from them 5–8 cm long so that each has at least one internode. Make all cuts with a sharp, clean knife and sprinkle with crushed chalk, activated carbon, colloidal sulfur or at least cinnamon.
2. Fill small cups fertile soil, pouring a layer of coarse sand 5–7 cm thick on top.
3. Plant the cuttings in the ground, sprinkling the lower cut with any powdered root formation stimulator.
4. Place the containers in transparent plastic bags, tie it. Or cover with glass jars.
5. Provide bright light, a temperature of about 22ºC, and moderate watering as the soil dries. If you alternate water and biostimulator solution and turn on the bottom heating, the rooting process will go faster. In less comfortable conditions roots will appear in 1.5–2 months.
6. Wait the same amount of time and transplant the cuttings into soil for adult plants. After 2-3 months, pinch the plants to make the bushes more luxuriant.

Video: propagation of indoor plants by apical cuttings

Germination of seeds

Growing euonymus from seeds is a rather labor-intensive and time-consuming procedure. It is not recommended to propagate selection hybrids in this way - seedlings rarely retain the variegated coloring of leaves.

Before planting, euonymus seeds must be stratified.

Planting process:

1. Clean the seeds from their buds and immerse them in a solution of potassium permanganate (5 g per liter of water) for 2–3 hours.
2. Mix the dried seeds with coarse river sand or peat chips, calcined in the oven. They take approximately twice as much substrate as seeds.
3. Keep them for 3–4 months at a temperature of 10–12ºС in a bright place with air humidity of 50–60% and good ventilation. When the shell of most of the seeds cracks, put them in the refrigerator or other place where a constant temperature of 1–3ºC is maintained for 4–5 months.
4. After the specified time has passed, allow the seeds to warm up to room temperature, covering the container with glass to prevent moisture from evaporating. It is advisable to choose a brightly lit place for them.
5. Mix soil suitable for adult plants, fill shallow flat containers. Distribute the seeds over the surface and sprinkle with a thin layer of sand. Moisten well with a spray bottle.
6. Cover the containers with glass or film, or put them in a mini-greenhouse. Provide bright light, temperature 24–27ºС, bottom heating. Once every 3-4 days, ventilate the greenhouse and moisten the soil. Individual shoots appear after 6–8 weeks, mass shoots after 3–4 months.
7. After the first true leaf appears, plant the seedlings in separate containers and care for them as usual.

Euonymus is an unusual, rather unpretentious decorative foliage indoor plant. Even a novice gardener can cope with its cultivation. Of course, in the open ground the shrub looks more impressive, but even in a pot its bright variegated greenery looks decent, delighting the owner all year round.

In spring and summer, variegated green and in autumn fiery bright euonymus bushes can increasingly be seen on our personal plots. They create a hedge from it, plant it on alpine roller coaster and as a free-standing tree. This ornamental plant gives the garden a unique look, and not only gardeners love it. Evergreen varieties of euonymus are successfully grown at home. Its hard and dense spotted leaves serve as a background for flowering plants. Single euonymus look great. They lend themselves well to shaping. Therefore, indoor bonsai are often grown from euonymus. Planting and caring for this plant at home is not difficult, but if not properly maintained, the euonymus can show its character.

Appearance of euonymus and its life in nature

The Euonymus family includes about two hundred plants. They can be seen in almost every corner globe, excluding the far north. Wild representatives of euonymus have inhabited forests in temperate and subtropical climates; some, but a minority, have settled in the tropics. There are 20 varieties growing in Russia.

In Latin, euonymus is called Euonymus, which means “glorious name.” Due to the similarity of the leaves to laurel trees, the plant is also called pseudolaurel. And the name euonymus has Slavic roots. Our ancestors gave the plant many nicknames, here are some: brusklet, heather, privet, as well as wolf's bast and wolf's earrings. Associations with the image of a wolf did not appear by chance. Euonymus thickets form a dense undergrowth, the very thicket where predators are found.

Euonymus is a plant that is evergreen or loses its leaves in the fall. It can be an upright or creeping branched shrub, miniature or large, a tree of about 5 meters. Adult shoots of euonymus are covered with bark and sometimes with wart-like growths. The cross-section of branches varies greatly among different species; in addition to the usual rounded one, there is also a tetrahedral one.

Euonymus foliage is harsh, leathery, glossy, egg-shaped, size varies from 2 to 5 cm. Color from dark green to pale. In gardening and floriculture, forms with colored foliage are common. Spots and streaks of whitish, yellow or cream color are scattered across the sheet.

The euonymus that lives at home blooms extremely rarely. And bushes and trees growing in the wild usually bloom in May. This does not make the plant any more beautiful.

Small inflorescences, whitish or yellow-green, are collected in drooping clusters and often have an unpleasant smell. And the fruits of the euonymus, which ripen in early autumn, are very attractive.

Incredibly shaped colorful boxes hang on thin peduncles. They can be scarlet, purple, burgundy-violet in color, with wings or spikes. But this appearance is deceptive - the fruits of the euonymus are poisonous, like all parts of the plant.

Euonymus is a flexible, patient and undemanding plant. It tolerates even the most spartan conditions and is good at pruning and shaping. Thanks to this, original bonsai are grown from euonymus. If you prune and shape the cuttings correctly, you will get a stocky mini-tree with a fluffy and variegated crown.

Remember: euonymus poisonous plant, it should not be placed in rooms where there are children and pets. The highest concentration of substances hazardous to health is in the fruits of the plant. Don't try them. 35 fruits is a lethal dose for an adult. Poisoning is manifested by weakness, vomiting, convulsions, and cardiac arrhythmia. With very severe damage, paralysis occurs and death is possible. When working with euonymus, follow safety precautions. Wear gloves and safety glasses when pruning. If juice gets on mucous membranes, rinse them with plenty of water.

There are many legends and traditions about the euonymus. One of them says that a poisonous euonymus was grown by an evil witch as a punishment for people. But later she repented and gave him medicinal properties. Then the witch turned into a feathered robin, for which the fruits of the euonymus are harmless. By eating them, the robin helps new bushes grow.

Varieties and varieties of euonymus

As indoor plant Most often, evergreen euonymus is grown: Japanese and rooting (fortune) - and less often deciduous species: European and winged. Forms that shed their leaves become red-yellow in the fall, like street trees. They lose their leaves and wake up again in the spring. Evergreen euonymus can also lose leaves, but this is not the norm, but the result of improper care.

• Japanese euonymus, in addition to the Land of the Rising Sun, is common in Korea and China. This heat-loving plant can't stand it severe frosts. In northern countries, including Russia, it is grown only at home and in greenhouse conditions. This is a compact, well-leafed shrub. The leaves are up to 8 cm long, in the shape of an elongated oval, with small serrations along the edge. There are varieties that are evenly colored and variegated. In clusters of inflorescences there are two to three dozen tiny (1 cm each) greenish-yellow flowers. Fruit pods are orange or pink. The most popular varieties of Japanese euonymus: mediopictus - a shrub with yellow-golden leaves with a green edge; Latifolius albumarginatus - euonymus with green foliage decorated with a patterned white border; microphylla - miniature (up to half a meter) shrub with small (2–2.5 cm) white and green leaves; aureo-marginata - a variety with bright green leaves with a golden edge.
• Rooting euonymus (fortune) is an evergreen creeping shrub, never taller than 60 cm. At the same time, the length of the branches reaches 3 meters. Its homeland is China, the plant can also be seen in the Crimea and Transcaucasia. The leaves of this euonymus are small (2–6 cm), dense, and rich green in color. They are small, pointed, egg-shaped. The plant is frost-resistant, it is grown both in open ground and in room conditions. Varieties of fortune euonymus differ in the color of their leaves. Gracilis is a variety with leaves of a creamy-yellow hue, with age they become white along the edges and red in the middle. Vegetus is a creeping bush with thick stems, large rounded leaves and yellow fruits. Emerald Gold is a bush with branches about one and a half meters. The foliage is small, creamy in color, painted with bright yellow spots along the edges, and turns red in the fall.
• Dwarf euonymus is an evergreen, upright growing shrub. Grows up to a meter. Hard, narrow leaves with a sharp tip and slightly curved edges. This euonymus is often shaped as a bonsai. In nature, it is common in the mountains of the Caucasus, Moldova, China and Romania.
• Euonymus warty, or few-flowered, grows in countries Western Europe and in central Russia. This is a two-meter shrub or tree. Its greenish bark is equipped with wart-like growths. The foliage is light green, the flowers are brownish, the fruits are pink-red. In autumn the leaves turn pink. Euonymus warty is grown as a garden ornamental plant.
• The European euonymus is native to mountainous Asia Minor. This is a bushy tree no taller than 6 meters. Green young shoots have longitudinal corky growths, and adult branches are almost black. The leaves are leathery, large, and turn red in autumn. Ripe fruits are dark pink and orange. The species easily tolerates drought, frost and polluted air. There are over two dozen decorative forms of this species, including weeping euonymus, aucubifolia, purple, and silver-spotted.
• The winged euonymus settles on rocks and in mixed forests of the Far East, Sakhalin, Japan and Korea. The branched shrub grows up to 2 meters, the tree is about 4 m. The branches are tetrahedral, the leaves look like a diamond, the fruits are scarlet. There are about 20 forms and varieties. The most common is compactus. This is a compact, dome-shaped bush. The leaves are soft green in summer and turn red in autumn. The plant is winter-hardy, but does not tolerate drought and heat.

The bark and roots of Euonymus verrucosa and Euonymus contain gutta-percha. This substance is similar to rubber. It is used as an insulating material in electrical and radio devices, in chemical and shoe production and in dentistry. A special charcoal called fusain is made from the stems of euonymus; artists use it to draw sketches.

Varieties and varieties of euonymus in the photo: Japanese, European, Fortune and others

Euonymus japonica aureo marginata
Euonymus warty
Euonymus rooting vegetus
European euonymus
Euonymus winged
Euonymus japonica latifolius albumarginatus
Euonymus japonica mediopictus
Euonymus japonica microphylla
Euonymus rooting (fortune)
Euonymus rooting (fortuna)Emerald Gold
Japanese euonymus

What does euonymus need?

Euonymus - no tender plant tropics, but a harsh inhabitant of temperate climates. Therefore, in winter, too warm air is harmful to it, and it is not very demanding of humidity. Some forms in nature are accustomed to limited lighting; there is not enough sun in the undergrowth. Single color indoor euonymus They also turn green happily in partial shade. But the more whimsical variegated varieties will need a lot of light to preserve their color.

Table: principles of plant care at home

Rooting euonymus (fortune) in regions with a relatively warm climate is used in winter for landscaping glazed balconies. The plant spends the summer in the garden, and at the end of autumn it is placed on the balcony. The temperature should not fall below -5 degrees. In order for the euonymus to comfortably overwinter, its roots are insulated. You need to lay foam plastic under the container with the plant, and mulch the top with peat or sawdust. And wrap the pot itself with foam rubber, batting or other insulation.

An insulated euonymus can spend the winter on a warm balcony

Pot, soil, planting and replanting

Euonymus is recommended to be replanted annually, at the beginning of the growth period - in the spring. For young bushes, this procedure is mandatory; for adults over 5 years old, it can be carried out after 2–3 years. Euonymus is not capricious in choosing soil. It grows well even in not very nutritious soil; it is more important that it is porous and light.

• Universal soil for indoor plants.
• Turf, humus and leaf soil in a ratio of 2:1:1. Be sure to add coarse sand to the mixture.
• Turf soil, peat and sand in a ratio of 3: 0.5: 0.5.

However, for euonymus from which bonsai are formed, the soil should be more dense and heavy. Some loam should be added to it. This way the root system will be better anchored in a small volume of soil.

Choose a container for planting and transplanting euonymus not deep, but wide. Its roots are located near the surface, without going deep. For large bushes it is better to take ceramic pot, it is more stable and evaporates moisture more actively. If you want the euonymus bush to remain small, limit its growth to the size of the planting container. The more modest the volume of the pot, the slower the plant will develop.

How to transplant euonymus at home

1. Before planting, sterilize the new pot by rinsing with boiling water, heat the drainage and soil substrate. Don't forget about safety precautions when working with euonymus.
2. Place on the bottom drainage layer 2–3 cm. Pour some soil on top and moisten it.
3. Remove the plant from the old pot and carefully, without disturbing the clod of earth with roots, move it to the new one.
4. You can inspect the roots; if there are rotten ones, carefully remove them.
5. Gradually fill the earthen ball with new soil, compacting the void between it and the wall of the pot. During the process, you can shake the container slightly so as not to leave unfilled areas.
6. Water the plant and place it in a slightly shaded place.
7. When the euonymus adapts, move it to bright light. A long stay in the shade is harmful for variegated forms.

Video: fortune euonymus is planted in the garden from a pot, how to distinguish a noble plant from cheap fakes

Or, when planting euonymus, you can abandon the traditional pot and try the original kokedama. This is a newfangled bonsai trend that was invented in Japan. “Coca” means moss and “dama” means a ball, that is, it is a ball-like lump of earth wrapped in moss. Growing a bonsai tree takes years, but making a kokedama requires certain ingredients and two to three hours. Euonymus is a suitable plant for such an experiment.

Video: kokedama from euonymus

How to care for a plant

Euonymus is distinguished by its masculine, stern character. But, like any man, this bush cannot do without careful care. This includes watering and feeding, keeping the crown clean and trimming it. Otherwise, your euonymus will become like a “neglected garden.”

Water and feed

From spring to autumn, euonymus loves to drink plenty of water. He is not too picky, but still prefers more refined drinks to chlorinated tap water. Rain, melt, filtered or at least settled lukewarm water. To determine frequency, monitor the condition of the topsoil. As soon as it dries out, water it.

In the summer heat, the euonymus will be happy to be sprayed, but the water should also be soft and warm. You can even wash the plant under a gentle shower. Do not forget to keep the leaves clean; dusty euonymus not only looks bad, but also develops slowly.

With the arrival of autumn cold weather, water procedures must be stopped. It is enough just to wipe the foliage from dust with a damp cloth from time to time. An exception is euonymus left in warm, hotly heated rooms; they will also suffer from dry air, and spraying will be appropriate.

The euonymus bush must be kept clean

Watering in autumn and winter should be limited. When kept cold, reduce to a minimum. If an euonymus overwinters on a glassed-in balcony, it is practically not watered.

During the active growth of shoots and leaves, in spring and summer, the euonymus will respond well to feeding. You can alternate organic and mineral complexes, adding them to irrigation water every two to three weeks. Any fertilizer for ornamental leafy plants is suitable; euonymus is not very picky. In winter, when he rests in the cool, food should be stopped.

Trimming the euonymus

Usually the bush is pruned at the very end of winter. First of all, thin, elongated branches are removed. To increase bushiness, pinch the tops of the shoots. Thus, they stimulate the awakening of dormant lateral buds. If you want to grow a tree, cut off the lower shoots, leaving a bare stem and a lush “cap” on top.

In summer, pinch shoots regularly to improve branching. In the fall, carry out hygienic pruning. Cut out weak, dried branches, if necessary, update the shape of the crown.

Skilled flower growers form various shapes from the crown of euonymus. It can be given a spherical, cone-shaped or cubic appearance. Plants from which bonsai are grown are pruned according to special rules.

We provide peace

Rest time for euonymus is winter. Deciduous forms, even with indoor growing in the fall they change the color of the foliage, and then completely or partially shed it. Evergreen varieties should retain their leaves. But in excessively dry and warm air, they can also fall off. To stop leaf fall, you need to lower the temperature in the room. You can place the euonymus closer to the window and protect it from the heat by placing an improvised screen on the windowsill. Or, conversely, take it out onto a glassed-in balcony, insulating the pot.

Already in November, watering the plants is gradually reduced, feeding is canceled - during dormancy this is unnecessary. And the euonymus needs bright lighting even in winter.

Maintenance errors - table

Diseases and pests - table

Video: Euonymus grows poorly due to spider mites and poor soil - correcting errors

Euonymus propagation

Homemade euonymus is propagated by cuttings, dividing the bush and seeds. The last method is the longest and most difficult, but sometimes it is the only option. For cuttings and division you need an adult euonymus bush.

Cuttings

In the middle or end of summer, cut semi-lignified cuttings (7 cm each) of euonymus from the tops of the shoots, which are less than 5 years old. There should be one internode on the cutting.

1. Treat the cut of the cutting with a phytohormone (Epin, Zircon or others).
2. Fill the container with a mixture of peat and sand and moisten it.
3. Deepen the cuttings, carefully compact the substrate, leaving no voids.
4. Cover the seedlings with film, a bag or a jar.
5. Place in a bright and cool place.
6. Moisten and ventilate the plantings regularly.
7. Rooting usually lasts 6–7 weeks. When new leaves begin to appear, transplant the cuttings into separate small (7–10 cm) pots with nutritious soil.

Dividing the bush

This method is combined with transplanting euonymus, which is formed in the form of a bush. It is not suitable for tree-like specimens. Take an adult, healthy plant with a developed root system. This will survive the operation without any problems.

1. Carefully remove the plant from the pot, inspect the roots, marking the place of division.
2. Using a sharp, clean knife, separate part of the rhizome with shoots. Sprinkle the cut with crushed coal.
3. Cut off two-thirds of the shoots on the separated plant and plant it in moist soil for euonymus.
4. Keep the separated plant cool and in partial shade until it acclimates.

Seeds

Indoor euonymus can also be grown from seeds purchased or collected from a garden bush. Their germination rate, according to gardeners, is 60–70%.

1. Before sowing, carry out stratification ( cold period). Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth or place them in sand and place them in the refrigerator for three months (at a temperature of 0+3).
2. Remove the seeds from the refrigerator and place them in a bright place; cover the top with film to preserve moisture.
3. Distribute the warmed seeds on a light sterile substrate (peat and sand), sprinkle with a small layer of sand.
4. Spray the plantings with warm water from a spray bottle.
5. Cover the container with film or a transparent lid.
6. The best results will be obtained if you plant the seeds in a greenhouse with bottom heating. For seed development, a constant high temperature of 22–27°C is required.
7. Once every 3-4 days, check the soil moisture, spray when dry, and ventilate the crops.
8. The sprouts hatch in one and a half to two months.
9. When they get stronger and real leaves appear, pick the seedlings into separate cups. Protect young plants from drafts and cold air.

Euonymus has a real masculine character; it does not like greenhouse conditions. In addition, this plant is a protector. It is believed that growing near the house, or better yet in the house itself, euonymus protects its owners from harm. Other folk signs are also associated with the bright euonymus bush. They say that plants with yellow fruits attract money to the house, those with red fruits attract love, and those with orange fruits bring happiness. Whether this is true or fiction can be found out only by taking a closer look at the euonymus.